Urban Agriculture EVERYTHING BUT THE CHICKEN AND, A CHICKEN IN EVERY POT

Transcription

1 Urban Agriculture EVERYTHING BUT THE CHICKEN AND, A CHICKEN IN EVERY POT

2 What is Urban Agriculture? DEFINED AS THE GROWING, PROCESSING, AND DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD AND OTHER PRODUCTS THROUGH INTENSIVE PLANT CULTIVATION AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN AND AROUND CITIES (BAILKEY AND NASR (2000)). A COMPLEX ACTIVITY WHICH HAS A WIDE RANGE OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS.

3 Why Urban Agriculture PERCEIVED LOW COST, SOCIALLY POSITIVE, SUSTAINABLE ACTIVITY CONTRIBUTES TO FOOD SAFETY AND SECURITY IN URBAN AREAS REDUCED FOOD SHIPPING COSTS AND ASSOCIATED TRANSPORTATION POLLUTION IMPACTS IN URBAN AREAS MAY ALLOW DEVELOPMENT OF A LAND BANK OF PROPERTIES FOR FUTURE REDEVELOPMENT

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5 Why Now? A PPROXIMATELY 8 0% OF THE U.S. POPULATION A ND 50% OF THE WORLD S POPULATION LIVE IN CITIES THE UNITED NATIONS FORECASTS THAT TODAY'S URBAN POPULATION OF 3.2 BILLION WILL RISE TO NEARLY 5 BILLION BY 2030, A ND THREE OUT OF FIVE PEOPLE WILL LIVE IN URBAN A REAS NEW DIRECTIONS IN PLANNING PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE, SMART G ROWTH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES A ND POLICY GUIDE THE NATURE OF REDEVELOPMENT

6 Key Factors Impacting Urban Agriculture MINIMAL G O VERNMENT INFLUENCE CLIMATE WEATHER NATURAL LIGHT POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANT GOVERNMENT INFLUENCE SOIL AND WATER INTEGRITY AVAILABILITY OF LAND FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE SUPPLY AND DEMAND ENERGY COSTS INFRASTRUCTURE Taken in part from a PowerPoint by Center for Resilient Cities-Marcia Caton Campbell ; October 7, 2010

7 Key Factors Impacting Urban Agriculture NATURAL RESOURCES SOIL INTEGRITY AVAILABILITY/ ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER COMPOST OPERATIONS LAND OWNERSHIP; AVAILABILITY, SIZE, CONFIGURATION AND GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION OF PARCELS; EXISTING LAND USE POLICIES OTHER: SECURITY AND VANDALISM S C A L E, V O L U M E A N D A C C E S S T O M A R K E T S H U M A N, F I N A N C I A L, A N D T E C H N I C A L R E S O U R C E S E N T R E P R E N E U R I A L O P E R A T I O N S

8 Urban Agriculture and Brownfields WHERE INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS ARE NOT FEASIBLE- URBAN AGRICULTURE MAY BE A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE

9 Food System URBAN FOOD PRODUCTION HAS ONLY RECENTLY BEEN ADDRESSED BY URBAN PLANNING CHAIN OF ACTIVITIES CONNECTING FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING, DISTRIBUTION, CONSUMPTION, WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ASSOCIATED INSTITUTIONS AND AGENCIES BROWNFIELD REMEDIATION EMBODIES THE THREE PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY

10 Concerns THE PRIMARY CONCERN ABOUT URBAN AGRICULTURE AND BROWNFIELDS REUSE IS HUMAN HEALTH HUMAN FACTORS MUST BE CONSIDERED BEFORE IMPLEMENTING URBAN AGRICULTURE AS A BROWNFIELDS REMEDY EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED URBAN AGRICULTURE SITE IS A CRITICAL COMPONENT FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION

11 Key Assessment Factors HISTORY OF THE PROPERTY AND ITS LOCATION DETERMINES WHAT CONTAMINANTS MIGHT POSE RISKS LOOK AT: EXISTING SOIL -TEST REAL & PERCEIVED RISKS-ALSO TEST ANY FILL TO BE BROUGHT IN ON-SITE SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER IMPACTS

12 Key Assessment Factors DETERMINE THE NEED FOR MORE INTENSIVE QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT AND / OR COVER SITE WITH WATER PERMEABLE GEO-TEXTILE ADD CLEAN SOILS (WHICH ALSO SHOULD BE TESTED) BUILD ABOVE GROUND WITH RAISED BED/GREEN WALL OPERATIONS OR CHOOSE AN ALTERNATIVE NON -FOOD CROP SUCH AS FIBER AND BIOFUEL CROPS

13 Source: Ann Carroll, MPH, US EPA, Office of Brown fields and Land Revitalization

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15 Resources

16 Foodstuff Transect: Every dwelling can contribute in some measure to food production; on-site food production allows: Independence, buffers from petroleum shortages Control over food; including pesticides and additives Social Benefits Self Sustainability Exercise physical activity

17 Credit: DPZ

18 Gardens along the transect: extraurban intraurban FARMS PERIPHERY FARMS YARD GARDENS BLOCK GARDENS KITCHEN GARDENS COMMUNITY GARDENS ROOF/BALCONY GARDENS

19 Credit: DPZ

20 Kitchen Gardens A portion of a private yard for the small - scale cultivation. Kitchen gardens are expected to be utilitarian in appearance and maintenance and, as such, restricted to backyards. If dedicated to raising chickens or rabbits (viviculture), the kitchen garden should be walled. Permission for viviculture in an urbanized area should be by consent of neighbors.