Identifying And Managing Dilemmas For Sustainable Development Of Rural India

Transcription

1 Identifying And Managing Dilemmas For Sustainable Development Of Rural India Paper: DETC Abhishek Yadav Graduate Research Assistant The The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA Ashok K. Das Founder CEO SunMoksha Power Private Limited Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Ram Babu Roy Assistant Professor Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal, India Archana Chatterjee National Coordinator Mangroves For the Future International Union for Conservation of Nature New Delhi, India Janet K. Allen John and Mary Chair and Professor Industrial and Systems Engineering The The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA Farrokh Mistree LA Comp Chair and Professor Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering The The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA 1 1

2 Three billion people (50% of world s population) live in poverty earning less than $2.50/day. 270 million of them are in rural parts of India. Huge disparity of wealth and access to resources is seen all over the world. Along with it, there is drastic depletion of natural resources, fresh water scarcity, and loss of biodiversity. This creates a blockade for the development of people. Multiple policies and interventions have been implemented internationally to eradicate the poverty. 2 2

3 The Story of Chhotkei Village, Odisha, India Lights and electricity Throughout the year, nights are dark Only one street light functioning Acts as a hub for social life A key component missing for the villagers Livelihood activities Seasonal cultivation once a year, rainy season Off-season, no agricultural activity, despite running streams Only few employment activities eco resort, poultry, and out-ofvillage labor 3 3

4 The Story of Chhotkei Village, Odisha, India Our Goal: Empower farmers and villagers Roles People, Planet and Profit People or citizens are the center for development Range from basic lighting to running appliances and equipment Children and youth are the focus for basic education, skill development, and microentrepreneurship प न ह त कस न ह, बजल ह त र ज ह (Water is farmer s life, Electricity livelihood) Mahishanand Sardar, Baharbari Village, Bihar Must move farmers up the value chain Improve agriculture output, and produce value to increase income Create Micro-Economic Zones (MEZ) to groom micro-entrepreneurs, increase income Reduce the pressure on agriculture and land, and lead to triple bottom-line impact Reduce pressure on cities, as more and more people find opportunities in the village Planet live and let live Surrounded by forest and forest animals Must be protected from them, as well as, must protect the animals Profit for the community Microenterprises to improve livelihood is a key goal of the people 4 4

5 The Story of Chhotkei Village, Odisha, India Problem: Lack of electricity hinders the socio-economic development of the villagers. Opportunity: Supply of electricity from renewable energy sources at an affordable cost achievable through Smart Nanogrid solution with IoT and Cloud-based remote management of the grid. Impact: Affordable, sustainable, modular electricity solution resulting in increased economic development and quality of life. India s First Smart-Grid Village Provide sustainable, affordable electricity to the villagers with an aim to improve their socio-economic status, yet without disturbing the animals in the reserve. 5 5

6 Solution To Poverty: Empowering People You give a poor man a fish and you feed him for a day. You teach him to fish and give him an occupation that will feed him for a lifetime Chinese proverb Various value proposition that helped in empowering the poor Grameen Bank (Started in 1983), Bangladesh - Currently has 9 Million borrower, 97% of them are women families under poverty have empowered themselves Amul, a dairy cooperative from Gujrat, India Jointly owned by 3 million small farmers 80% profits are received directly by farmers9 6 6

7 Needed For Empowering People Need for rural development to be initiated from within the communities Our task is to develop and provide value proposition (tools and resources) for community to improve their quality of living propositions must be sustainable to provide long term impact and support to the rural community. Question: What is the minimum cash flow needed to uplift the lives of villagers and get them to take care of the environment? 7 7

8 Solutions Needed Anchored In Sustainable Development Question What is the minimum cash flow needed to uplift the lives of villagers/people and get them to take care of the environment? Social/ Human resources/ People Environment/ Resources/ Planet Economy/ Monetary Resources/ Profit (Minimum Cash Flow) Sustainable Development 8 8

9 Challenges In Developing Sustainable proposition must be developed for improving standard of living of the people Social entrepreneurs working for the people are needed instead of business entrepreneurs For sustainable solutions, all the three drivers must be taken into account. For each driver the goals are opposite from other two drivers. Conflicts between drivers (Dilemmas) arise for sustainable development leading to a Zero-One solution Social entrepreneur need to convert these zero-one solutions to positive solutions 9 9

10 Bearable, Equitable, And Viable Solutions Most of the value proposition created concentrate on one or two out of the three pillars of sustainability (i.e. Social, Economics, Environment). Specially, value proposition developed are inclined towards economic (Profit) and social(people) aspects but fail to take into account environment (Planet), which is very crucial for a long term development

11 Our Contribution In this paper, we present a method for identifying conflicts (Dilemmas) that have Zero-Sum solutions between the three drivers of sustainability We use the construct of Dilemma Triangle and Pillars of Sustainability together to identify and manage dilemmas associated with creating a sustainable eco-system. We use an example of a village in India to illustrate the method proposed. The dilemma triangle method can be used in multi-disciplinary fields and is a tool that can be used by designers from different disciplines to collaborate with each other

12 : A Systematic Methodology & Tool to Assess Impact Develop a framework to support system for Social Entrepreneur IDETC 17 with SunMoksha Spring 17 at SRL Summer 17 and Fall 17 with TCS, Pune and SunMoksha Proposed Framework of development and Impact Evaluation Model (VPIEM) 12 12

13 : Smart Integration of IT and Operational Technology Remote Monitoring CLOUD VSAT/Cloud Local Server Sensors WiFi and Mobile App Demand Managmt Distribution & Control $ Metering/Billing Cyber-Physical-Social System Integration of IT and OT IT Software TCS, Pune OT/Data Development and monitoring of NanoSolutions IoT+IT+Cloud Modelling Impact of NanoSolutions using Simulations System Dynamics Model of Smart Village 13 13

14 Acknowledgments The authors thank the students of AME5303-Designing for Open Innovation, University of Oklahoma, Fall 2016, for compiling the data for the village. Farrokh Mistree thanks Dr. Asoke Deysarkar, for sponsoring a workshop at IIT Kharagpur in May 2016 that resulted in the collaboration between the authors based India and the US. Funding from the L.A. Comp Chair to support Abhishek Yadav and the travel expenses of Dr. Ashok Das. Dr. Vinay Kulkarni, Tata Consultancy Services, Pune, India for internship for Abhishek Yadav

15 BACKGROUND SLIDES 15 15

16 Chhotkei from darkness to luminance Access to Energy Livelihood/MEZ 16 16

17 Increase in electricity usage over time Months from start of plant Household loads added Livelihood loads added Irrigation Loads lights, fans, charger, 2. Some TVs/DVPs 3. 5pm-5am 3 1. Dish Antenna, TVs 2. 12noon-5am (for fan) 2 Kirana shops None 1. Fridge at kirana shop 2. Microwave oven for lodge 3. Grinder/mixer for lodge 6 More Dish Antenna, fans, TVs 1. Refrigerator at lodge 2. Hot plate at lodge 3. Photocopying 9 Even more Dish Antenna, fans, TVs 1. Evening tuition (3) 2. Photocopy and studio 3. Sewing machine 4. Small kirana shop moves to larger shop 5. Eco Lodge constructing new cottages 1. Water pumping at lodge, replace DG Started looking for funds for irrigation pumps and borewell 17 17