Genetic resources conservation of two local population of Central European honeybee in Poland

Transcription

1 Genetic resources conservation of two local population of Central European honeybee in Poland Polak, G.M., Chelminska A. National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Animal Genetic Resources National Focal Point

2 Central European honeybee (Apis mellifera mellifera L.) is the native subspecies in North and Central Europe.

3 The Central European bee, historically adapted to the conditions of Northern Europe, has a greater resistance to diseases and difficult living conditions. It also outweighs other breeds with: longevity, dynamic development after the weather stabilizes us spring, good wintering, ability to accumulate a lot of pollen, good floromigration, low vigor. On the other hand their performance is lower than other commodity crosses, for example from Carnica.

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5 From 2000 four local line of Apis mellifera mellifera (Augustowska, Northern, Kampinoska, Asta) and one of Apis mellifera carnica (from 2013) are covered by genetic resources conservation programs. The aim of work was to schow the changes of numer of Augustowska and Polnocna (Northern) bee families in specyfic in specyfic conditions of north-west Poland system of conservatio Augustowska line occurs in the Augustow Forest and its surroundings. The Northern line is located in the north-eastern part of the Warmia- Masuria Province.

6 Environmental conditions

7 Beekeepers are located in wooded areas, where continental climate and environmental conditions are extremely difficult and manifested by a long winter, a relatively short pre-spring, the shortest vegetation period in Poland (beyond the mountains) and the lowest temperatures (here is the Polish cold pole - Wiżajny): average annual temperature is below 7 C ( Warsaw 8 C); average January temperature is below -6 C; absolute amplitudes of temperatures range from -38 C to 36 C winter is 2 times longer than in the western extremes of Poland; winter average daily temperature below 0 C - lasts from 50 to 65 days (Poland 40); snow cover on average 76 to 96 days per year (usually appears in late November and disappears at the turn of March and April); annual precipitation totals range from 550 to 700 mm (Warsaw 540); average number of cloudy days 157/year (Warsaw 137).

8 Changes of climatic conditions Average annual temp (*C) amplituda temp. min max Poland 7,84 8,23 9,1 73,0-35,0 38,0 Mazury/Suwalszczyzna 6,80 6,90 7,8 74,0-38,0 36,0 Average annual rainfall sum (mm) average Poland 667,58 721,48 643,13 694,53 Mazury/Suwalszczyzna 565,00 600,00 554,00 582,50 Wind speed (m/s) average Poland 3,26 Mazury/Suwalszczyzna 3,40 Insolation (h/year) average Poland 1859,90 Mazury/Suwalszczyzna 1797,00 Last years dangerous weather phenomena: torrential rains, hurricane winds

9 The structure of conservation system

10 National Center for Animal Breeding National Research Institute of Animal Production

11 M Asta M Augustowska National Center for Animal Breeding National Research Institute of Animal Production M Kampinoska Car Dobra M Północna

12 The purpose of the is: rearing and arificial insemination of queens bees to the needs of apiaries participating in the program (collaborating herds), selection and cooperation with beekeepers from the breeding zones distributing bee queens, identifying and selecting from the zones the most natural material of the line. subjecting the bees to the valuation of use and breeding, The purpose of the cooperating herds is: maintaining the population in the required quantitative state, transfer of bee queens to the, making apiary available for phenotypic evaluation and collection of larvae and drones by the implement selection recommendations from the leading herd.

13 M Asta M Augustowska National Center for Animal Breeding National Research Institute of Animal Production M Kampinoska Car Dobra M Północna - collaborating herd

14 The purpose of the is: rearing and insemination of queen bees to the needs of apiaries participating in the program, subjecting the bees to the valuation of use and breeding, conducting selection and cooperation with beekeepers from the breeding area distributing bee mothers, identifying and selecting from the population the most natural material of the line. The purpose of the cooperating herds is: maintain the population in the required quantitative state, transfer of bee queens to the, making apiary available for phenotypic evaluation and collection of larvae and drones by the implement selection recommendations from the leading herd.

15 The structure of the population covered by conservation programs M Asta M Augustowska M Augustowska conservation central zone National Center for Animal Breeding National Research Institute of Animal Production M Kampinoska M Kampinoska conservation zone Car Dobra M Północna Car Dobra conservation zone M Augustowska isolation zone - collaborating herd

16 Bees evaluation with Skrzydlak program The system is based on the measurement of wingspan and the analysis of the distances and angles of the individual sections. Based on the data obtained, the program determined the similarity of the sample to pattern of Apis mellifere mellifera. In situations where the values were not within the range of 0-3, it was impossible to exclude affiliation of the individual to subspecies.

17 Bees evaluation with Skrzydlak program

18 Performance parameters ability to store a honey; gentleness; wintering; diseases resistance; stopping the bee-queen in egg-lying; other biological traits; utilization of seasonal melliferous crops.

19 Changes in the size of the M Augustowska & M Północna populations Linia Family Family Family Family Family Herds Family Herds Family Herds Family Herds Family Herds Family Herds Augustowska (MA) Liding h cooperating Central zone Isolation zone Natural pop Północna (MP) Liding h Cooperatimg h Linia Family Herds Family Herds Family Herds Family Herds Family Herds Family Herds Family Plan 2020 Herds Family Augustowska (MA) Liding h cooperating Central zone Isolation zone Natural pop Północna (MP) Liding h Cooperatimg h

20 Studies conducted from 2000 (start of Genetic Resources Conservation Programmes) to 2016 indicate a permanent increase in both population: M Augustowska line increased from 100 to 225 families in breeding herds (+ 550 in the protected zones) in Podlasie regio M Północna line increased from 22 to 200 families in 4 herds located in Warmia-Mazury regio number of colonies Augustowska (MA) Północna (MP) year

21 number of colony The increase of the families number in the M Północna and M Augustowska lines year Pólnocna (MP) Augustowska (MA) central zone MA isolation zone MA

22 Conclusion Climate conditions in north-eastern Poland are changing: the precipitation decreases and the temperature rises despite In spite of difficult climatic conditions, Augustowska and Northern populations are increasing, indicating the possibility of adaptation of Central European bee Security programs allow for constant monitoring of the population, assessing the number, and cleanliness of the lines

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