Averting Global Biodiversity Loss. Mette Løyche Wilkie UNEP

Transcription

1 Averting Global Biodiversity Loss Mette Løyche Wilkie UNEP

2 GBO-4: A mid-term assessment of progress towards the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity

3 The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity

4 Scope of the Global Biodiversity Outlook 4 4 questions: 1. Are we on track to reach the Aichi Targets by 2020? 2. What actions need to be taken to achieve the Aichi Targets? 3. How do the Aichi Targets and progress towards them position us to attain the 2050 Vision of the Strategic Plan? 4. How does implementation of the Strategic Plan and progress towards the Aichi Targets contribute to broader development goals?

5 Organisation of the report Scientific literature and other reports National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPS) National reports Indicator-based extrapolations of trends to 2020 Model-based scenarios to 2050 CBD Technical Reports 78 (+79 & 81) detailed analysis Main report summaries

6 Assessment of progress towards the Aichi Targets in the dashboard of the GBO-4 Executive Summary Moving away from Target On track to achieve Target No progress towards target On track to exceed Target Progress towards target, but not sufficient to achieve it No clear evaluation Insufficient information to evaluate progress

7 Direct pressures Enhance Implementation Enhance benefits Underlying Causes Status of biodiversity Overview of the Dashboard for the Aichi Targets 1 Target elements 11 Target elements A 2 3 C No clear evaluation D B No clear evaluation E No clear evaluation 20

8 Aichi Targets: Negative and positive trends Target 5: Habitat Loss and Degradation Target 8: Pollution (excess nutrients) Target 9: Invasive Alien Species Target 10: Vulnerable Ecosystems (coral reefs, e.g.) Target 12: Preventing Extinction and Improving Species Conservation Status Target 14: Ecosystems that Provide Essential Services (to vulnerable groups) Target 11: Protected Areas and other Effective Area-Based Measures Target 16: Nagoya Protocol Target 17: National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans Target 19: Knowledge, Science and Technology

9 Overview of trends and extrapolation of indices across the 20 Aichi Targets

10 Overdevelopment, pollution and climate change

11 Unsustainable production & consumption

12 Unintended effects of policies A world ethanol production, B world biodiesel production,

13 Unintended effects of fiscal incentives Palm Oil Timber Source: ODI, 2014

14 Disasters and Diseases More than 100,000 saigas in Central Asia have died in recent weeks of an unknown disease Photo: Sergei Khomenko/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

15 Illegal activities

16 20-30,000 elephants are killed every year - that s one every minutes Illegal wildlife trade

17 Meeting basic needs

18 5 major challenges by 2050 under BAU 1. Climate change is projected to become a major driver of biodiversity loss and ecosystem change by Demand for fertile land is projected to increase substantially by Many wild fisheries are likely to collapse and aquaculture is foreseen to dominate fish production 4. Water scarcity is foreseen to increase in many regions of the globe by Combinations of drivers could push some systems beyond tipping points at regional scales by 2050

19 Successful approaches Box 5.1. Pathways for reductions in habitat loss: Brazil case study. Deforestation rates Lower is better Box 6.1. Sustainability in UK Fisheries UK fish stocks harvested sustainabl y Box Ecosystem restoration in China Higher is better

20 Biodiversity (Mean Species Abundance) Achieving the 2050 Vision and ties with Sustainable Development Goals Stop biodiversity loss by 2050 Meet Millennium Development Goals, with a focus on eliminating hunger Keep global warming below 2 C Contribution of measures to stopping biodiversity loss Reduce consumption and waste Three scenarios for achieving the 2050 vision

21 Conclusions Progress towards majority of Aichi Targets. However insufficient to attain most of the targets by 2020 The status of biodiversity continues to decline, in part due to persistent increases in pressures Treating multiple drivers and multiple targets through coordinated national actions can lead to improvements of biodiversity status It is possible - with strong, concerted action - to combine improvements in the status of biodiversity, a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and an improvement in the well-being of all people We need to re-double our efforts to avert global biodiversity loss

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