FANRPAN Regional Multi-stakeholder Food & Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue, Durban August 2017

Transcription

1 How can Africa move from policy pronouncements and national agriculture food security and investment plans (NAFSIPs) to deliver on food and nutrition security? FANRPAN Regional Multi-stakeholder Food & Nutrition Security Policy Dialogue, Durban August 2017 Namukolo Covic (PhD), IFPRI, CGIAR Research Programme on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health

2 Key focal points for pronouncements and policy instruments for Africa 1. Maputo declaration 2003, CAADP framework and related processes 2. Malabo declarations Africa Regional Nutrition Strategies: Continental, SADC, ECOWAS, East African Region 4. The Scaling-Up-Nutrition (SUN) Movement 5. Agenda 2063

3 Key messages 1. The pronouncements are continental and national policy instruments which present opportunities for collaborative and coordinated efforts and should be leveraged more effectively. 2. There are positive signs of progress associated with CAADP and SUN processes as major focus areas but there are challenges that need to be addressed to accelerate progress. 3. There is an observable mismatch between the increased production and productivity and reductions in chronic malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. 4. Africa has many challenges but is not lacking initiatives. Better focus and coordination is needed to get the most out of the many initiatives; needed capacities must be addressed. 5. A deliberate food systems approach is needed at national, regional, and continental levels to address the different challenges faced more holistically and for sustained progress. 6. Individual attitudes and orientations are critical to the needed transformation of action.

4 Presentation framed around the three FANRPAN strategic goals 1. Transformed African agriculture and food systems through the development and implementation of evidence based policy 2. Adequate, safe and nutritious food for Africa 3. Climate change resilient and resource sustainable food systems in Africa. With the following goals To describe the big picture of where we are on the policy to implementation continuum for CAADP and SUN To describe some of the key challenges being faced to suggest possible areas that need attention to accelerate progress To provoke your thoughts on areas of contention

5 Household assets and livelihoods Pathways from agriculture to nutrition National economic growth National nutrition outcomes Food prices Nutrition knowledge Food production Income (agricultural and non-agricultural) Female employment / resources Food expenditure Non-food expenditure Food consumption Health care expenditure Caring capacity & practices Nutrient intake Health status Female energy expenditure Child nutrition outcomes Mother s nutrition outcomes Adapted from Gillespie et al and Headey et al 2012

6 FANRPAN SG1: Transformed African agriculture and food systems through the development and implementation of evidence based policy The policy environment is rich Agriculture/CAADP: contextualized to countries - Compacts NAFSIPs Mainstreaming nutrition CAADP results framework - Joint sector reviews (ReSAKSS, Regional SAKSS, Country level SAKSS) - Current: Appraisal process for improvement towards 2 nd Generation NAFSIPs - Current: CAADP Biennial Review SUN: contextualized to countries - Policies Strategies implementation plans to district levels - Coordination bodies - Common results frameworks - SUN-Academic Platform or equivalent M&E arrangements; Capacity? Multisectoral action Multisectoral action

7 Common challenges to CAADP and SUN FANRPAN SG1: Transformed African agriculture and food systems through the development and implementation of evidence based policy Inadequate budget allocations (GAFSP and SUN funds) Many initiatives but inadequate quality of coordination and collaborative engagement Need to align the different initiatives How to mainstream nutrition in practical terms across relevant sectors is a challenge Incoherence of policy and support frameworks Manage polarities: Market development and protectionism Manage polarities: increasing monoculture, intensification, export focus vs and diet diversification Capacity: Institutional, infrastructural and individual functional capacity Capacity: Current FAO recommendations & online training modules on increasing the nutrition sensitivity of agriculture; develop a better understanding of context specific opportunities and challenges

8 FANRPAN SG2: Adequate, safe and nutritious food for Africa Where we are Agriculture/CAADP: - Productivity has improved associated with progress in CAADP - Focus on key commodities limits diversification - Market development is a key focus area but not at local level - Efforts to promoting agricultural trade within the continent especially RECs SUN: - Advocating for diet diversification; households not able to act on knowledge of better nutrition - Biofortification identified as a key strategy - Inadequate information on drivers of dietary change - Need to address contextual factors that affect diet quality including cultural practices

9 Common challenges to CAADP and SUN FANRPAN SG2: Adequate, safe and nutritious food for AfricaFood safety issues Post harvest loss: indicators are a challenge Poor market development Prices of nutrient dense foods are prohibitive Food safety challenges: Mycotoxins, food spoilage, zoonotic diseases, water quality deliberate adulteration of food products Political sensitivities doing away with candid reporting Weak regulatory environment & standards Attention to regional coordination is needed Biofortification: Move from proof of concept to scale; standards are important Need to pay attention to underutilized crops

10 FANRPAN SG3: Climate change resilient and resource sustainable food systems in Africa. Where we are Agriculture/CAADP results framework outcome areas: - Resilience to climate variability - Social protection focused on vulnerable social groups to increase agricultural productivity - Establishment of national food reserves SUN: - Social protection - Targeted interventions; unhelpful institutional arrangements - Relief food supplies highly donor dependent - Common results frameworks

11 Common challenges to CAADP and SUN FANRPAN SG3: Climate change resilient and resource sustainable food systems in Africa Unsustainable funding mechanisms for expectations raised Lack of resilience to shocks and high dependence on development partners Weak regulatory environment & standards Attention to regional coordination and cross boarder contextualization is needed Manage polarities: Agricultural intensification vs long term climate resilience Inadequate attention to underutilized crops that would impact both climate resilience and nutrition Water management important even across boarders Political sensitivities doing away with candid reporting Manage polarities: Foreign investment promotion vs long term national needs Not all investments are good for us!

12 What does all this mean in terms of what needs to be done?

13 Food Systems for Healthier Diets Framework POLICIES CULTURE CONSUMERS Sufficient, Diverse PRODUCERS ENVIRON -MENT HEALTHY DIETS FOOD CHAIN ACTORS WEALTH EQUITY A4NH, FSHD, 2016

14 We must ALL constantly ask: How can we get there? Optimal food security, diets, nutrition, health

15 Key leadership capacity elements: to navigate the complexity Communication Persuasion Negotiation Building alliances Strategic thinking Evidence framing

16 Key messages 1. The pronouncements are continental and national policy instruments which present opportunities for collaborative and coordinated efforts and should be leveraged more effectively. 2. There are positive signs of progress associated with CAADP and SUN processes as major focus areas but there are challenges that need to be addressed to accelerate progress. 3. There is an observable mismatch between the increased production and productivity and reductions in chronic malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. 4. Africa has many challenges but not lacking initiatives. Better focus and coordination is needed to get the most out of the many initiatives; needed capacities must be addressed 5. A deliberate food systems approach is needed at national, regional, and continental levels to address the different challenges faced more holistically and for sustained progress. 6. Individual attitudes and orientations are critical to the needed transformation of action

17

18 Thank you Namukolo Covic