BREEDING SUGARCANE VARIETIES FOR BIOMASS AND ENERGY. Roy Parfitt SA Sugar Industry Agronomists Association 2006 AGM

Transcription

1 BREEDING SUGARCANE VARIETIES FOR BIOMASS AND ENERGY Roy Parfitt SA Sugar Industry Agronomists Association 2006 AGM

2 Overview: Present programme Scope and direction of breeding programme Selection Concepts Data Changes needed Breeding Genetics Breeding sugarcane Changes needed Release Summary

3 Present programme: Crossing X Nursery Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Propagation

4 Selection Programme: 5 STAGE SELECTION

5 Crossing and selection programme: Seed Nursery Single stools Germplasm collection Imports Variety collection Single lines Observation trial Primary variety trial Source of parents for crossing Males Females x x x x x x x x x Secondary variety trial Release

6 Direction of present programme: Emphasis on ONE trait: SUGAR Select for: TCANE ERC% TERC Resistance to pests and diseases (Eldana( Eldana,, mosaic, smut) Agronomic traits ( Straightness, lodging) Mill characteristics (Colour( Colour,, pith : fibre ratio) Assessment (NB for energy): Fibre Brix (total fermentables, Cacket,, 1981) Dry Matter (DM) NOTE: Measurements currently only taken on stalk (excluding leaf)

7 Scope and Direction of Future Breeding programme: INDUSTRY must specify: 1.) WHAT Type of cane required: SINGLE PURPOSE - SUGAR OR BIOMASS DUAL PURPOSE - SUGAR + ETHANOL OR SUGAR + CO-GEN MULTI-PURPOSE - SUGAR + ETHANOL + CO-GEN 2.) When it is required by: SHORT TERM - search existing selection programme LONG TERM - breeding with specific parents (11-15 years min)

8 In West Indies: Multi-target breeding * PRODUCTS Pol% Purity Fibre Cane yield Sugar Sugar + fibre Sugar + fibre + ethanol > >80 Ethanol + fibre <15 > >100 Fibre?? >30 >100 * Adapted from A. Kennedy, Adapting a breeding programme to meet new industry needs: from sugar to biomass as quickly as possible, West Indies Central Sugar Cane Breeding Station, Barbados, 2006

9 Selection: Aspects of selection Variation of a trait Correlation

10 Selection: Variation of a trait within a stage STAGE 1 STAGE 3 STAGE 5

11 Selection: Phenotypic ranges Stage 2 Stage 5 Min Max Min Max ERC% Tcane Fibre% Brix% DM Brix% DM% Purity TERC TDM TBrix TFibre

12 Selection: Correlation Positive correlation e.g. sucrose % and brix%

13 Selection: Correlation Negative correlation e.g. sucrose % and yield (biomass)

14 Selection: Phenotypic correlations* DM% Fib% Pol% StkWt Diam Ht Pop Dry matter% 1 Fib% Pol% Stalk weight Diameter Height Stk pop Cane yield * Courtesy of Butterfield, M., Albertse, E., D Hont A., & J. Pauquet, Linkage disequilibrium mapping of commercial sugarcane germplasm for application in breeding programme. Final report, International Consortium for Sugarcane Biotechnology, project 21.

15 Considerations in selection for biomass and energy: Issues to be considered: WHERE to select? - Region - Off-station Mpumalanga 7 WHEN to select? - LOMS - Age of harvest Free State KwaZulu - Natal 1 HOW to select? - Competition Plot size Guard rows in trials Row spacing -Trash (leaf material) -Traits to assess/select? Eastern Cape 2 3 Richards 5 Bay 4 6 Durban Indian Ocean Port Shepstone Cane Areas

16 Breeding programme: Factors affecting breeding

17 Trait heritability Breeding: Improvement depends on following factors: Phenotypic variation of parents Germplasm Selection intensity Time Genetic correlation between traits Number of traits being selected for 1 trait, chance = 1/ traits, each with chance 1/ /

18 Pongola Stage 3 Plots Means over 35 years % Control (NCo376) Cane t/ha ERC% cane Year

19 Considerations in breeding for biomass and energy: Issues to be considered: CROSSING? - Impact on existing programme GERMPLASM - Quarantine - Collaboration ADDITIONAL RESEARCH - Special genetic trials - Synchronization of flowering - Pollen storage - New technology

20 Release: Issues to be considered: PESTS AND DISEASES GOVERNMENT GAZETTE ROLE OF LPD AND VCC

21 Summary: Potential to breed and select for biomass and energy Success will ultimately depend on: Focus and direction on the type of sugarcane that will best meet future demands. Common goals Teamwork / collaboration Optimum use of resources New technology

22 Acknowledgements Shailesh Joshi Jean van der Lingen