Regulatory Decisions on Pesticides The process leading to the decision Adjusting to product removal: A case study of flea beetles in canola

Transcription

1 Regulatory s on Pesticides The process leading to the decision Adjusting to product removal: A case study of flea beetles in canola Pratisara Bajracharya & John Gavloski Manitoba Agriculture

2 The Process Leading To The Pratisara Bajracharya Pesticide- Minor Use and Regulatory Manitoba Agriculture

3 How are pesticides regulated? Pest Control Products Act (Federal) - Pesticide Registration & Re-evaluation Pesticides and Fertilizers Control Act - Pesticide applicator & dealer licence Environment Act - Environment Act licence & Pesticide permit

4 Pest Control Products Act (PCPA) Pesticide Registration Category A registrations - Pesticide Label Expansions also possible through Minor Use Program Pesticide Re-evaluation - 15 year cyclical re-evaluation - Special reviews

5 Why Re-evaluations? Required by law Ensures that current health and environmental safety standards are met Incorporates any new science or information developed since registration/ previous assessment New health and/ or environmental risk may warrant action by PMRA

6 Process of Re-evaluation 2-4 Years 2-3 Years Information collection Science Assessment Proposed Update Assessment Final Implement

7 Information collection Science Assessment Proposed Update Assessment Final Implement Information Collection 3 step process - Initiation of re-evaluation - Review of available data to determine focus of re-evaluation - Data/ information request- use pattern request Registrants and stakeholder involvement

8 Information collection Science Assessment Proposed Update Assessment Final Implement Science Assessment Risk assessments based on available information Data source: Registrants, Scientific lit., information from other jurisdiction and Canadian use pattern Additional data cannot be submitted unless PMRA asks for it

9 Information collection Science Assessment Proposed Update Assessment Final Implement Example of risk assessment Effects to human health assessed - dietary risk, risk from drinking water - worker exposure etc. Effects to environment also assessed - pollinator assessment - aquatic invertebrates etc.

10 Information collection Science Assessment Proposed Update Assessment Final Implement Proposed decision Published based on risk assessments Mitigation measures may be recommended Available for 90 day public consultation period

11 Information collection Science Assessment Proposed Update Assessment Final Implement Final decision and implementation Risk assessments are updated based on comments received during consultation Final decision published for 90 day public consultation period Only significant scientific data considered at or past this stage implemented (phase out)

12 Why pesticides are discontinued? Risk assessments cannot demonstrate acceptable risk Known risk due to pesticide product identified Mitigation measures not available or does not work

13 Neonic Re-evaluations Imidacloprid Thiamethoxam Clothianidin Recent Acetamiprid

14 Neonicotinoid re-evaluation Imidacloprid- cyclical re-evaluation Started as pollinator issue Seed treatment- safe from pollinator perspective (as per label direction) Risk to aquatic invertebrates identified Clothianidin and thiamethoxam special reviews- aquatic invertebrates

15 Information collection Science Assessment Proposed Update Assessment Final Implement Imidacloprid: Aquatic invertebrate risk assessment Based largely on data from Eastern Canada East v/s West use pattern varies Concerns that other neonics will be discontinued as well

16 Provincial Response 2017 water quality monitoring 2018 water quality monitoring Results: Detection of neonics at low levels in Manitoba waterways and 2018 data submitted to PMRA

17 Discontinuation of neonics: why? Risks to aquatic invertebrates not acceptable Dry weather in the prairies did not adequately represent prairie conditions Risk mitigation measures not available or not acceptable

18 Contact Pratisara (Sara) Bajracharya Phone:

19 Adjusting to Product Removal: A Case Study of Flea Beetles in Canola John Gavloski Entomologist, Manitoba Agriculture

20 Topic History of Changes in Seed Treatment, Granular Insecticide and Foliar Insecticide Use in Canola. Current flea beetle management options. Looking Ahead Future seed treatment, foliar insecticides, and cultural control options for flea beetles in canola.

21 1970 Manitoba Insect Control Guide Registered Insecticides for Flea Beetles At Seeding: Lindane (Gammasan, Thiralin, Linda San) Foliar Sprays DDT Malathion Black = Still registered for use in canola Blue = No longer registered for use in canola Purple = Active ingredient, but not specific formulation, still registered in canola

22 1980 Manitoba Insect Control Guide Registered Insecticides for Flea Beetles on Rapeseed, Mustard At Seeding: Carbofuran 5G Lindane Foliar Sprays Azinphos-methyl Carbofuran Malathion

23 1992 Manitoba Insect Control Guide Registered Insecticides for Flea Beetles on Canola, Mustard At Seeding: Counter 5G - Lindane Furadan CD-10 - Furadan 5G Foliar Sprays Cymbush - Ripcord 400 Decis 5.0 EC - Decis F Furadan 480 F - Sevin XLR Plus Malathion 500 EC

24 2000 Guide to Crop Protection Registered Insecticides for Flea Beetles on Canola At Seeding: Counter 5G - Lindane Foliar Sprays Cymbush - Ripcord Decis 5.0 EC / Decis F - Matador Guthion - Sniper Furadan 480F - Sevin XLR Plus Malathion 500 EC - Fyfanon

25 Guide to Crop Protection Seed treatments and Granular Insecticides Registered for Flea Beetles on Canola: : Counter 5G - Lindane 2001 Counter 5G Gaucho Canola System / Gaucho Platinum 2002 Counter 5G Helix / Helix Xtra Gaucho Canola System / Gaucho Platinum

26 2010 Guide to Crop Protection Registered Insecticides for Flea Beetles on Canola At Seeding: Helix - Helix Xtra Gaucho Canola System - Gaucho Platinum Prosper Foliar Sprays - Ripcord -UP-Cyde Decis 5.0 EC - Matador / Silencer Pounce Furadan 480F -SevinXLR Malathion 500E - Malathion 500

27 2018 Guide to Crop Protection Registered Seed Treatments for Flea Beetles on Canola At Seeding: N Helix Vibrance N Prosper EverGol / Nipsit Inside N Gaucho Canola System / Gaucho Platinum / Sombrero S Visivio D Lumiderm / Fortenza N= Neonicotinoid (4A), S=Sulfoximines (4C), D=Diamides (28)

28 Looking Ahead Additional Insecticides for Flea Beetles? RNA interference (RNAi) RNA molecules used to silence gene expression Targeted How quickly will flea beetles stop feeding? By mid-2020 s possibly.

29 Looking Ahead Hairy Canola and flea beetles? Genes from Arabidopsis thaliana L. for increased trichome production inserted into Westar canola (called Hairy1). All four young true leaves of Hairy1 seedlings were fed upon less than were the parental lines. Feeding on Hairy1 plants frequently occurred at levels equal to or less than on cultivars grown from insecticide-treated seed. Soroka et al Journal of Economic Entomology. 104: Hairy 2 line produced: Has higher trichome density with longer hairs spread over the first 12 leaves and along parts of the stem.

30 Useful Management Practices: Prairie Strips What they are: Sowing native prairie species in narrow bands along contours and at the base of slopes. STRIPS project website: What they can do: Neonicotinoid concentrations in water and soil were lower at fields with prairie strips. Hladik et al Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. Vol. 241:

31 Summary Seed treatment and foliar insecticides for flea beetles have generally become safer. Strategies to minimize non-target effects still needed.

32 Questions and Discussion John Gavloski Manitoba Agriculture (204)