PRESENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF THE POTATO CHAIN IN ROMANIA

Transcription

1 National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet (NIRDPSB) Brasov, ROMANIA PRESENT AND FUTURE TRENDS OF THE POTATO CHAIN IN ROMANIA Sorin CHIRU, Gheorghe OLTEANU, Laura Asanache Bulgaria, Plovdiv, 5-6 July 2010

2 National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet (NIRDPSB) Brasov, ROMANIA General data regarding the agriculture in Romania

3 Romania is is situated in in the the South-East part part of of Europe, at at the the intersection of of principal axis axis of of communication North-South and and East- East- West. West. With With a total total area area of of km km 2 2,, almost almost as as large large as as United United Kingdom ( km km 2 2 ), ), Romania is is the the ninth ninth largest largest country country in in an an enlarged European Union Union with with members states. states. It It represents 5.4% 5.4% from from area area and and 4.7% 4.7% from from the the EU EU population (MARD, 2009). 2009).

4 The The Romanian agriculture, although with with a high high natural natural potential, is is still still far far from from a compatible level level to to the the European Union Union structures. From From the the million million hectares of of total total area, area, the the agriculture amounts million million hectares. From From all all cultivated surface surface of of million million hectares the the first first three three crops crops are are :: Cereals Cereals 62%; 62%; Oleaginous plants plants (15%); (15%); Potato Potato (3.2%). (3.2%).

5 National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet (NIRDPSB) Brasov, ROMANIA KEY POINTS OF GOVERNMENT POLICY Romania has joined the EU in 2007; Major implication for agriculture and rural economy are expected after accession. KEY ISSUES OF AGRICULTURE Use 62% of land (14.8 M ha); Constitutes ca 13% of GVA; More than 30% of working population (compare < 5% in EU); Small-scale, low-tech, inefficient (75% farms < 5 ha)

6 Actual situation of the potato crop

7 Evolution of potato area and average yield in Romania in the last 50 years ( ) and 2008 Area (X 1000 Ha) ,0 16,0 14,0 12,0 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 Yield (to/ha) ,0 Period Area Yield Trend (Yield) Trend (Area) Source: FAO Databases, 2008 and MARD, 2009

8 Limiting factors in potato production Reduced size of agricultural exploitations; Sanitary quality of planting material; Poor supply of financial sources for potato growers; Low education level of potato growers; The climatic conditions of last years.

9 The reduced sizes of land areas (2009) Agricultural exploitation type Number of landowners Potato surface average (ha) Individual growers Family associations Companies Research-development units Source: MARD, 2009

10 Fig.4. Trend of hydrothermal index ,00 4,50 4,00 3,50 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0, Period Hydrothermal index

11 Potato production crop structure (proposal) Specification Area (X 1000 ha) Quantity (MT) Area (X 1000 ha) Quantity (MT) A. Potato for human fresh consumption 262,0 3764,0 190,0 3650,0 - Very early and early potato 14,0 210,0 15,0 300,0 - Medium late potato 20,0 300,0 20,0 400,0 - Late potato 228,0 3254,0 155,0 2950,0 B. Forage potato - 700,0-500,0 C. Processed potato 3,3 66,0 6,0 150,0 D. Seed potato 3,5 63,0 4,0 100,0 TOTAL 268,8 3893,0 200,0 3900,0 Average yield X 16,3 X 19,5 Source: MADR, 2008

12 Comparison with the countries from European Union

13 The rank of Romania in EU by potato area and total yield (Ten top producers, 2008) Source: FAOSTAT, 2009

14 Area and total yield in seven EU Central & Eastern countries (2006) Area (x 1000 ha) 700,00 600,00 500,00 400,00 300,00 200,00 100,00 0,00 Poland Romania Czech Republic Hungary Bulgaria Slovakia Slovenia Total yield (x 1000 t) Area 597,23 283,09 30,03 22,58 24,47 18,38 5,92 Total yield Area Total yield Source: FAO Databases, 2006

15 Evolution of potato crop in seven Central & Eastern countries ( ) Area (ha x 1000) Total Yield (t x 1000) Country Average Difference % Average Difference % Poland Romania Czech R Hungary Bulgaria Slovakia Slovenia Source: FAO Databases, 2008 and MARD, 2009

16 Some historical references in potato crop in Romania

17 Potato has a relatively long tradition in Romanian Practical Knowledge for potato crop After a severe famine (1800 s) CARTOFUL was promoted as a staple food crop Potato is still the country s second bred. Excepting the years when the surfaces were concentrated in an industrial system of cultivation, both anterior periods and present had prevailing in potato culture the small plots dimensions.

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19 Specialized areas for potato crop in Romania

20 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR POTATO AND SUGAR BEET (NIRDPSB) BRASOV Results and trends in breeding, seed production and technology

21 Breeding - to breed varieties of potato adapted to the range of climatic conditions of Romania

22 1923 Varieties 2 MAIKONING EDELROSEN Varieties 3 ARDEAL SOMESAN NAPOCA Varieties 8 BUCUR COLINA POIANA CARPATIN Varieties 30 SUPER REDSEC ROCLAS ROBUSTA CRISTIAN SUCEVITA Varieties 30 TRANSILVANIA LUIZA DUMBRAVA AMICII MAGIC

23 Potato: - Breeding lines 40 / an - Checked lines in ISTIS Varieties introduced in national List 41 - Protected varieties by OSIM 12

24 Seed production - to be a key provider of high quality seed (this will incorporate biotechnological solutions including tissue culture and the production of mini and micro tubers). Arad Timis Satu Maramures Mare Bistrita Salaj Bihor Nasaud Cluj Caras Severin Hunedoara Sibiu Goj Alba Mehedinti Dolj Suceava Botosani Iasi Neamt Mures HarghitaBacau Covasna Brasov Vaslui VranceaGalati Vilcea Arges Buzau Prahova Brai Tulc ea Dimbovita la Ialom Olt Ilfov Calarasi ita Giurgiu Constanta Teleorman

25 Dynamics of potato certified seed area Dynamics of potato certified seed area Biologial categories Area Year ha - Prebase SE E Class A Class B Base Certified ,50-369, , , , ,00-82,50 658, , , ,00 2,80 86,50 579, , , ,40 1,00 65,00 158, , , ,10 44,00 140,00 213, , , ,80 35,00 146,80 510, , , ,00 64,80 80,00 181,50 960,70 444, ,00 30,00 175,00 152, ,00 686, ,64 38,50 102,80 304, , , ,32 8,00 54,00 158, ,50 752, ,59 37,00 68,70 194,60 919,81 741, ,60 32,00 49,80 108,90 444,40 243,50

26 Christian Micro-cuttings Micro-plants Roclas

27 Technology insect proof

28 Technology - to develop an understanding of the agronomy and crop protection for efficient and environmentally sound crop production (including precision farming). - to ensure that laboratories operate under quality assurance standards and crop production according EU standards. - Integrated Crop & Pest Management

29 Precision farming Clay content (%) 30 Frequency VerisTech NIR/VIS Spectrometer & EC 0 16,0 18,0 20,0 22,0 24,0 26,0 28,0 30,0 32,0 34,0 36,0

30 Main research domains of interest at NIRDPSB BRASOV ( ) 1) Development of potato breeding and genetic researches through new genomic and technological approaches, to obtain genotypes, which correspond to present and future requirements regarding the production of healthier foods, with high qualities, suitable for ecological agriculture and which permit utilization of new protective technological methods more friendly for environment, with conservation potential to regenerate natural resources. The ways to solve this problem are the following: - improving yield qualities, increasing diversity and breeding realizing new genotypes with special characteristics (antioxidants, vitamins, essentials); - obtaining stress resisting genotypes to reduce the effects of adverse conditions (climatic changes, CO2 concentration, pollution); - breeding the genotypes suitable for processing; - breeding the genotypes suitable for organic crop.

31 2) Development of clean technologies types from farm to fork in accordance with sustainable agricultural principles, increasing food and safety security, respecting general and specific requirements of the market. Directions to solve these problems are: - perfecting the technologies and drawing up the Guide for Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). - elaboration of support systems for decisions (DSS) for all involved processes (production, pest and diseases management, farm management). - promoting the principles of Precision Farming through organizing an Excellency Centre (based on the newest scientific realizations: intelligent and cognitive systems for monitoring, modeling and management of the processes from potato agro-ecosystems). 3) Promoting alternative technologies for potato crop to obtain ecological products. Elaboration and promoting specific technologies for ecological crops with high environmental protection.

32 SCG Project No / DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF AN ECOLOGICAL PRODUCTION MODULE (POTATO, CEREALS, MEDICINAL PLANTS, FODDER PLANTS) AT FARM LEVEL

33 Project objectives: - Traditional and ecologycal farm produces considered as a priority by UTSG. - Accomplishment of a experimental model at farm level to get vegetal products eco certified and in which it wil be applied innovative agricultural technologies specified for each species; - Obtaining eco farm products with high biologycal value (certified seed) on species: potato, phacelia, triticale, correspniding to farmers requirements, certified operators for ecological agriculture and market operators; - Improvement of scientifical and technical information dissemination (obtained through applied research) throug authorized operators transfer, professional associations students, pupils on modern ideas and technics concerning

34 A 1.1. Delimitation of ecological module surfaces 24 ha on A 289 plot, being on conversion INCDCSZ Braşov Location site-eco-farm, Alfalfa, 4 ha 2. Phacelia, 1 ha 3. Potato - eco, 1 ha 4. Maize for grains, 4 ha 5. Perennial weeds, 14 ha

35 The structure and crop rotation on eco module primavara primavara primavara primavara primavara cultura ha cultura ha cultura ha cultura ha cultura ha perene vechi 1 cartof 1 triticale 1 porumb 1 facelia 1 perene vechi 1 facelia 1 triticale 1 porumb 1 cartof 1 perene vechi 4 porumb 4 cartof 4 trticale 4 sfeclă furaj 4 perene vechi 4 lucerna an I 4 lucerna an II 4 perene vechi 1 perene vechi 3 perene vechi 1 perene vechi 4 perene vechi 2 perene vechi 3 perene vechi perene vechi perene vechi perene vechi perene vechi perene vechi lucerna an III 4 porumb 4 1 facelia 1 cartof 1 triticale 1 3 porumb 3 cartof 3 triticale 3 1 porumb 1 facelia 1 cartof 1 4 perene vechi 4 lucerna an I 4 lucerna an II 2 perene vechi 2 porumb 2 cartof 2 3 perene vechi 3 perene vechi 4 3 porumb 3 Total 24 X 24 X 24 X 24 X 24

36 Species and varieties under crop on ecological module: - POTATO - RUSTIC variety - MAIZE - CINCANTIN, HĂNGĂNESC, de FĂGĂRAŞ varieties - PHACELIA - BALO variety - ALFALFA - Local variety

37 RUSTIC VARIETY POTATO RUSTIC is a Romanian variety, created at NIRDPSB Brasov through individual clonal selection, from a hybrid population and it is recomanded for ecological culture of potato on higher rural zones and on traditional agriculture zones, for autumn-winter consumption and processing as pommes-

38 Weeds manual control

39 Ecological and innovative technologies to control Colorado potato beetle: 1. Utilization of natural insecticide: - Beauveria bassiana solution, 2 l/ha, 2 treatments at 48 hours intervals (technology proposed by ICDPP Bucharest) 2. Mechanical destruction of adults and larvae: - pneumatic device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle (technology developed with INMA Bucharest)

40 Mechanical control of Colorado potato beetle on eco module

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42 Extension activities

43 Know-how Transfer Farmer day, Vadul Motilor Alba, 2004 ROCLAS CHRISTIAN

44 Green Day in Harghita, 2007

45 International activities AGRICO, Netherlands CRA Libramont, Belgium GNIS, France EUROPLANT, Germany HZPC, Netherlands M. S. R. I. P. Moldova INORDE, Ourense, Spain CIPA, Modena, Italy CASP, Charlottetown, Canada

46 Training supported by MAKIS (World Bank) CIP Lima, 2006

47 Training supported by MAKIS (World Bank) WIC, Netherlands, 2007

48 EAPR Agronomy Meeting, Constanta, 2004

49 The 17 th Trennial Conference of the EAPR July Brasov, ROMANIA

50 Thank you!