The total nitrogen budget in national or local scale applications

Transcription

1 The total nitrogen budget in national or local scale applications Alessandra De Marco 1, Laura Valli 2, Augusto Screpanti 1, Giovanni Vialetto 1 1 ENEA, CR Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy 2 CRPA S.P.A., Corso Garibaldi, 42 - Reggio Emilia, Italy Edinburgh, April 11-14

2 Content of the talk Short description of the model for nitrogen budget assessment The national level- picture of the Italian data to feed the model input file and the output of the model The farm level- description of the demonstrative farm and the output of the model Conclusion - What is yet not determined? (how can we improve the obtained results?) What we suggest? (national, farm level or others?)

3 How does the model work? Environmental problems related to nitrogen concern all economic sectors and impact all media: atmosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere, and anthroposphere. Input data Emissions, consumption (meat, fish, fertilizers, feed), import-export, pollutant deposition, waste production and treatment Data sources (for Italian data) National Emission Inventory, EMEP, GAINS-Italy model, National reports, ISTAT, EUROSTAT

4 ..the national level Agricultural areas (Corine Land Cover, 2005) in Italy and their Regional distribution (ISTAT, 2005) ha

5 1980 Time-series of emissions per sector (Mg/y) energy production non-industrial combustion industrial combustion productive processes fuel estraction solvent use transport off-road waste agricolture N2O NOx energy production non-industrial combustion industrial combustion productive processes transport off-road waste agricolture other Source: ISPRA 2005

6 Agriculture is the most important source for ammonia emissions (data from GAINS-Italy model, 2005)

7 Total Nitrogen deposition in Italy (RAINS-Italy model, 2005) kg/ha y 10 2

8 Oxidized (A) and reduced (B) Nitrogen deposition in Italy (RAINS-Italy model, 2005)

9 Regional Ammonia Emissions (agriculture sector only) Mg/y Mg/y

10 Regional N2O Emissions (agriculture sector only) Mg/y Mg/y

11 Regional NOx Emissions (agriculture sector only) Mg/y Mg/y

12 Nitrogen fertilizers consumption (2005) q Emission factors for main fertilizers

13 kg/ha Simple Nitrogen fertilizers consumption (%) and comparison of Italian Urea consumption with other European countries (FAO data, 2005) 1% 8% 38% 44% urea other nitrates calcium cyanamide ammonium sulphate 9% , ,9 46,4 46, , Italy Germany Spain France United Kingdom Ireland Italy Germany Spain France United Kingdom Ireland

14 Agricultural farm number (total, cattle, pig and poultry) in the year 2005 Pig farm Total farm Cattle farm Total farm Poultry farm

15 Number of cattle farms (ISTAT, 2005) Number of cattle at regional level (ISTAT, 2005)

16 Number of pig farms (ISTAT, 2005) Number of pigs at regional level (ISTAT, 2005)

17 Total Nitrogen Budget (National level)

18 Output of the Total Nitrogen budget Model Emissions (Kton N) %N2O Industry +Energy Transport Consumer Agriculture (Semi-) natural Waste %NH3 Industry +Energy Transport Consumer Agriculture Terrestrial ecosystem

19 ..the farm level Azienda Agricola Cotti Luca & Silvio, Pilastro di Langhirano (PR)

20 Demostrative dairy farm Surface area 100 ha within the alluvial fan of Parma river, at the foot of the Appenine mountains (160 m above sea level) Located in a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (VNZ) with high sensitivity About milking cows for Parmigiano Reggiano milk production, in concrete stalls in loose housing on bedding (straw flow). No grazing Only farmyard manure produced Forage and feed are provided separately Forbidden to feed cows with silage or industrial by-products Main crops: forages and tomatoes Farm description crop Lucerne INPUTS OUTPUTS Permanent meadow 6.88 Ryegrass 5.40 Italian millet 6.25 Maize 2.25 Feed Forage Barns for cows, heifer and calves Milk Meat Tomato Milk powder Barley 2.20 Winter wheat 4.55 Total SURPLUS

21 Nitrogen Balance Data Nitrogen consumption Kg/y Dairy cows (1 lactation phase) 3689 Dairy cows (2 lactation phase) 8649 Dry cows 1437 Heyfers (>2years) 445 Heyfers (1-2years) 1185 Calves (3-12 months) 787 Calves (<3 months) 303 Total Nitrogen in animal products Kg/y Milk for cheese production and family 3256 Colostrum 33 Milk rejected for mastitis 26 Sold and died calves 50 Sold and died cows 349 Fetus and primipare weight increase 130 Total 3844 Nitrogen fixation Nitrogen in fertilizers 122 Nitrogen inputs Nitrogen outputs 3844 Nitrogen excretion (surplus) 12651

22 JRC/AL, N2O (1% di N applicato) 0,23 NH3 BNF N2O NH3 2,23 0,11 4,72 Total Nitrogen Budget Italy (Please insert year (or period) for which the budget is valid) Atmosphere 9,38 Industry and Energy Min. fert.: 9,03 Use in industry: 4,05 Manure: 14,39 (Semi-) natural Grass/grazing (fieno medica+fieno graminacee): 12,98 terrestrial Other feed (mangimi+latte acquistati): 8,15 ecosystems Total food production: 29,58 Transport HYDROSPHERE port (mangimi+latte in ingresso): 8,15 Agricult.soils Coastal zones Con-sumers Livestock Terrestr. ecosystems Surface waters Solid Waste 949 Sewage 1031 Ground-waters Unit: kt N/year Please insert reference Crop+grass NUE = 8.3% Animal-product NUE = 16.4%

23 Conclusions and open questions The model would be a useful tool for policy makers if will be possible to extract indicators for the different sectors, in order to compare different scenarios and to identify the intervention points Data for water nitrogen content are yet unknown at national level, even if some data are available in specific sites. Need to improve quality of the model application For the regional variability of Italian territory it is right to consider a national level? In Italy, the 20 Administrative regions are independent from the central government for what concerns the selection of measures to be implemented to fulfill the obligations established in the national and international legislation; therefore the local authorities decide autonomously which measures have to be introduced to achieve the desired environmental targets Farm level in Italy is unreliable because is too expensive for a sector that is burden from economic point of view. It could be introduced in demonstrative farms, but have to be clarified the criteria for selection ofthe demonstrative farms. Our conclusion is a suggestion of a regional level assessment (each region or for example three different areas: northern, southern and central)

24 Before is too late thank you for your attention!