January Social Map and Resource Map

Transcription

1 January 2017 How To Social Map and Resource Map Livelihoods interventions evolve based on current reality assessment of households, community, village and surrounding area. The process of Livelihoods Enhancement Action Plan (LEAP) appreciates current reality through extensive facilitation of community participation. LEAP is basically a community participatory process. In the LEAP process, information collected from the community is thoroughly analysed, verified with LEAP tools and secondary data. It identifies gaps and opportunities to design suitable and viable livelihoods intervention plans. In LEAP tools, Social map and Resource map have an important place. Social Map Social Map and Resource Map ( 1 )

2 Livelihoods interventions evolve based on current reality assessment of households, community, village and surrounding area. The process of Livelihoods Enhancement Action Plan (LEAP) appreciates current reality through extensive facilitation of community participation. LEAP is basically a community participatory process. In the LEAP process, information collected from the community is thoroughly analysed, verified with LEAP tools and secondary data. It identifies gaps and opportunities to design suitable and viable livelihoods intervention plans. In LEAP tools, Social map and Resource map have an important place. Social Map: Social map captures the social structure of village/ locality such as; household details, caste-wise details, details of landless families and vulnerable people (elderly persons, disabled persons and chronically ill people). It also captures resources availability in the village, housing patterns, livestock details, drainage systems, drinking water facilities, roads, electricity, cable connections availability, public service institutions like Gram Panchayat (GP) offices, Public Distribution Systems (PDS), Village Organization Offices, Community Based Organizations (CBOs), schools, Primary Health Centres (PHC)/ Sub- Centres (SC), Anganwadi centres, e-seva centres etc. Social map is the basic tool to all other tools. Facilitators have to familiarize with the people in the village first. Then they have to interact with the village Sarpanch (President), elderly people, CBOs leaders and other well-known persons in the village, and brief them about the purpose of the LEAP process and its tools such social map, resource map, livelihoods mapping, etc.. They have to do transect walks in the village to understand infrastructure, resources, service institutions and common places, and also to get a picture of the village. In transect walks, they have to interact with villagers, inform them about the purpose of the LEAP activity and motivate people to participate in the LEAP process, particularly in drawing the social map. Social map drawing is a lengthy activity, and it takes long time compared to other tools. For social map drawing, facilitators have to keep some aspects in mind as follows... Request different communities and different age groups to participate. Fix date and time according to villagers time availability and convenience. Start social map activity after two to three days of transect walks and individuals interactions. Select volunteers to cooperate for inviting villagers, bringing material to draw social map. Fix a common place which is accessible to all communities, particularly downtrodden communities. Visualize weather conditions and also village condition. If there is a rain situation, there is a need to have a 2nd plan, may be to change the social map drawing from open space to hall. Ensure presence of all communities before starting the social map. Prepare for the inconsistencies in people s participation. At the beginning, a reasonably large number of people are involved in social map drawing; later, gradually participants number will decline. May be at later stages, a few people will remain or new participants will be involved at different stages of the activity. Always remember that, people have to draw social map. Facilitators role is to facilitate the social map process. Their main job is to make things happen by motivating people and suggesting process. Brief the people about the social map and process at the selected location to draw social map, and ask their suggestions and guidance in social map. Ask people who have little drawing skills to draw social map on floor with rangoli powder (muggu pimdi). Suggest people to draw outline of the village including directions, roads, streets, common places, public service institutions and landmark points in the village. Social Map and Resource Map ( 2 )

3 Ensure comprehensiveness of village outline. Suggest to people to draw houses/huts from one-side of the corner/ one street in outline. Ask people to mark number to the houses after drawing and collect information from people about the particular numbered household details such as head of the family, age, caste, occupation, number of family members, assets details, migration details, child labour details, vulnerable people details, house type, entitlements, membership in CBOs, etc. Facilitate people to draw all houses street-wise in a systematic way. After completion of social map. Recheck or ensure about drawing all houses in the village. Draw this social map, into charts / A4 white papers. In the case of larger villages (Above 300 to 350 families), village should be divided into convenient segments according to villagers opinion. In urban areas or larger locations, select proper parameters to divide into segments. After social maps completion, consolidate total segment-wise social maps and make it into one comprehensive social map for entire village or area. Almost three to four facilitators are required do the social map activity. After the completion of social map, consolidated information of household details have to be written in the following format # Particulars No # Particulars No 1 No. of households 7 Others (Infrastructure) OC Panchayat Office BC PHC/Sub-centre Minority Temples SC Church ST Masjid 2 No. of families Community Halls 3 Population Post Office/Accessibility Males Library Females Bus Facility Children-Total Bus shelter 0 to 5 years Telephone Facility-Y/N 6 to 10 years STDs 11 to 15 years Cement Roads 16 to 18 years Water Tank Single Women Public Taps Literacy Details Private Taps Migration - approx no. Wells Physically Challenged Hand Pumps Child Labour Wine shop Orphans Cable connection 4 POP / BPL Data PDS POP families White Card holders Poor Families Pink Card Holders Not so poor families Anthyodhaya Holders Not poor families Annapurna 5 Housing Particulars Public Toilets Tiled houses Private Toilets Sheet Houses Pensioners RCC Houses Old age Huts Widows Others Disable 6 Livestock Weavers Cows & Buffaloes 8 Institutional Aspects Bullocks Cooperatives Calves SHGs Sheep VO Goats Youth Clubs Poultry Birds Rhythu Mithras Working NGOs Indicate gaps and significant changes in the village: Social Map and Resource Map ( 3 )

4 An illustration of social map: At the time of social map drawing, facilitators have to patiently and wisely guide the people. They have to avoid complicated issues regarding houses ownership, legal issues and empty plot issues. There is no need to take legal issues in social map. Facilitators have to simply leave such matters. No need to argue with people, if facilitators found that there are mismatches between their information which is directly found by interacting with people or observation, and people providing information at social map drawing time. Avoid discussions on political matters and cultural issues. Never pass judgments on people s statements regarding social map or other matters. Resource Map: Resource map captures various resources around the village / locality including quality, use and accessibility of the resources. It captures resources in categories of lands such as; cultivated uncultivated; irrigate and un-irrigated; Red, black, sand etc., and crop-wise land segments. It also captures forests, rivers, tanks, ponds, canals, watersheds, wells, bore-wells, electricity poles, lagoons, roads, poultry forms, industries or factories in within village border area etc. Facilitators have to initiate resource map after completing social map, livelihoods mapping and traded - in traded - out. Resource maps may take less time compared with social map time. Before starting the resource map, facilitators have to prepare a broad outline picture about resources, crops, structures. They have to go around the village and observe lands, crops and other structures. They have to collect information about soil and crops details. For resource map drawing, facilitators have to keep some aspects in mind as follows... Request farmers, elderly active people and others who have knowledge about resources and crops around village. Fix date and time according to availability and convenience of villagers. Select volunteer to cooperate for inviting villagers, bringing material to draw resource map. Fix common place which is accessible to all communities people particularly downtrodden communities people. Visualize weather conditions and also village condition. If there is a rain situation, need to have a change of place from open space to hall. Social Map and Resource Map ( 4 )

5 Always remember that, people have to draw resource map. Facilitators role is facilitate resource map process. Their main job is to make things happen by motivating people and suggesting process. Brief them about resource map and process at the selected location to draw resource map, and ask their suggestions and guidance in resource map. Ask people who have a little drawing skills to draw resource map on floor with rangoli powder (muggu pindi). Suggest people to draw village s border and outline including directions, roads, large structures, industries, tanks, rivers, forests and landmark points in village boundary. Ensure comprehensiveness of village borders outline. Suggest people to draw segment-wise lands (in terms of crops, irrigation or type) from one-side of the corner. Ask people to mention details in resource map such as cultivated / uncultivated, irrigated / un-irrigated, cropwise, type-wise, structures and other resources with different colours. Write resource map details based on cultivation, irrigation, crops, ownership (private or government), number of wells, bore-wells, tanks, ponds, canals, sub-canals, rivers, forest size and other related information. Facilitate people to draw all resources segment-wise in a systematic way. After completion of resource map. Recheck or ensure about drawing all segments which belong to the village. Draw this resource map, into charts / A4 white papers. In urban areas, focus on resources like industries, factories, shopping malls, apartments, market yards, hospitals, educational institutions which provide employment or products. Almost two to three facilitators are required do resource map activity. After the completion of resource map, consolidated information has to be written in the following format An illustration of resource map: # Particulars Acres / Units # Particulars Acres / Units 1 Total Land (in acres) Mango Dry land Wet land Waste land and uncultivable land (include factory & Real estate land) Forest land Palm tree Onion Black gram Vegetable Temple land 3 Type of the Soil 2 Important Crops with no. of Acres 4 Natural Resources Paddy Maize Millet Red gram & pulses Mirchi Cotton Lakes / Ponds Mountains / Rocks Forests CPRs Flowers 5 CPRs Asper Open Wells Bore Wells 1 b. Indicate the Gaps and significant changes occurred in cropping pattern / practices in recent past From Resource map: Social Map and Resource Map ( 5 )

6 At the time of resource map drawing, facilitators have to patiently and wisely guide the people. In some issues, like lands and legal disputes, in such cases the best thing is to leave those matters without any other prolonged arguments. If facilitators found that some land pieces belong to commons, those lands are under cultivation and private ownership of powerful persons of the village. In that case, no need to reveal those secrets publically, which may further initiate new problems. There is interlinked information among social map and resource map. Total acres of land, irrigated and un-irrigated land size can be checked in both maps. After completing social map and resource map, identify the gaps and opportunities and summarise those gaps and opportunities. This summary has to be shared with concerned people and ensure the accuracy of data and analysis. Overall, social map and resource map play a vital role in LEAP tools to design any intervention. Social Map and Resource Map ( 6 )