disease vectors... sources of severe economic losses Master Gardeners Pesticides - What you need to know! MG pdh 12/10/2014 1

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1 Pesticides- What you need to know! Patricia D. Hastings Pesticide Safety Education Program Coordinator Cooperative Extension Pest Management Office Today s agenda What is a pesticide? Types & formulations Environmental fate & transport Health effects Risk Assessment & registration The pesticide label is the LAW! NJDEP Definition of Pesticide Any substance or mixture of substances, labeled, designed, or intended for use in preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest, or Pests are unwanted organisms... nuisances... NJDEP NJAC 7: sources of severe economic losses disease vectors MG pdh 12/10/2014 1

2 Pesticides are as varied as the pests they control... Fungicide Algicide Herbicide Insecticide Miticide Algicide Nematicide Avicide Mollusciside Rodenticide Other regulated pesticides adult Paints & Stains (with pesticidal properties) Pest control/ fertilizer co-formulations pupa larva egg Mosquito *Specifically defined as pesticide (NJDEP NJAC 7:30-1.2) Sanitizers/Disinfectants Plant Desiccants* Plant Defoliants* Plant Growth Regulators* Biopesticides Some pesticides are derived from natural substances: minerals plants microbials (e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus or protozoan) Pyrethrum Botanical pesticide; plant-derived active ingredient is pyrethrin Potent broad-spectrum insecticide Relatively low mammalian toxicity Sensitive to air & light May have synergist to increase efficacy (e.g., piperonyl butoxide) Source: biopesticides/whatarebiopesticides.htm Pyrethrins/Pyrethroid Cumulative Risk Assessment (EPA, 2011) MG pdh 12/10/2014 2

3 Insecticidal Soaps Pyrethroids Class of synthetic insecticides structurally based on the pyrethrins Altered structure is more photo-stable Some examples: permethrin allethrin bioresmethrin cypermethrin resmethrin d-phenothrin tetramethrin cypermethrin cyfluthrin deltamethrin cyfenothrin fenvalerate fluvalinate Pyrethrins/Pyrethroid Cumulative Risk Assessment (EPA, 2011) 1. Only active while wet (apply morn/eve) 2. Cover all plant surfaces 3. Check label for plant-specific phytotoxicity 4. Use caution on new blooms, young seedlings/young plants 5. High toxicity to aquatic invertebrates Microbial pesticide: Bacillus thuringiensis Rodenticides Bt israelensis - mosquito, black fly, & fungus gnat larvae Bt kurstacki - leaf eating caterpillars Bt tenebrionsis - Colorado potato beetle grubs repellants... sticky Traps without pesticides pitfall MG pdh 12/10/2014 3

4 Adequate & safe pest control... Traps with attractants follow all pesticide label directions precisely. bath require precise application of pesticides kitchen Pesticide Application hand-held sprayers for medium jobs... Not product Pesticide Application Environmental Fate & Transport aerial sprays or foggers for deep penetration big jobs... runoff crop residues leaching Varied residual products & times Fate & transport of pesticides... air, soil, ground & surface waters All potential targets* are not pests adsorption microbial degradation MG pdh 12/10/2014 4

5 Pesticides can harm beneficial insects... from pollinators... to predators... azinphos-methyl USA, Canada, Poland Bacillus thuringiensis CRYIIIA USA carbaryl Canada, Italy, Poland, USA carbofuran USA, Canada chloethocarb Canada chlordane Canada, Portugal chlorfenvinphos USA, Poland cypermethrin Canada DDT Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Italy, oland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, USA deltamethrin Canada dieldrin Austria, Canada, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, USA, dioxacarb Poland endosulfan USA, Canada, Portugal, endrin Canada, Portugal, USA esfenvalerate USA fenvalerate USA, Canada, hydrogen cyanide Ukraine Resistant Arthropod Profile: Leptinotarsa decemlineata Common Name: Colorado potato beetle lindane/bhc Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, USA malathion USA methamidophos Canada, Poland methidathion USA, Canada, Poland methoxychlor Poland methyl parathion Hungary monocrotophos USA oxamyl USA parathion Switzerland, USA, permethrin USA, Canada, Hungary phorate Canada Human Health - Routes of Entry ingestion inhalation contact Acute Toxicity toxicity... dose... ability of a substance to cause an adverse effect on an organism amount of a substance ingested, inhaled, or contacted response "All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy." Paracelsus ( ) MG pdh 12/10/2014 5

6 Lethal Dose 50 (LD50)... the amount of a substance ingested orally that is required to kill one-half of a test population Acute Toxicity Relative Acute Toxicity of Substances in the Home LD50* Common Use absolute alcohol 10,600.0 beverage, preservative table salt 3,800.0 food additive rotenone 1,500.0 insecticide/piscicide pyrethrin 1,200.0 botanical pesticide carbaryl carbamate insecticide caffeine coffee & cola constituent acetone 10.7 nail polish remover nicotine 0.3 tobacco constituent [(*mg/kg of body weight) source: The Merck Index, 11th edition, 1989] Basis of Signal Words on the Pesticide Label Acute Toxicity Acute Toxicity the Pesticide Label Signal Word * Toxicity Category Oral (mg/kg) Dermal (mg/kg) Inhalation (ppm) Danger I <50 <200 < 0.05 Warning II , Caution III 500-5,000 2k- 5k Caution IV >5,000 >5,000 * may also be a poison Toxicity Category 1 Signal Word Danger-Poison Danger 2 Warning 3 Caution 4 Caution acute systemic poisons (very likely to cause acute illness through oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure) skin & eye irritation potential through dermal exposure; can be irreversible Source: All pesticides sold or distributed in US are registered by EPA as required by law Human health and ecological risk assessments For food or animal feed marketed in the US, pesticide residue limits (tolerances) by commodity FDA & USDA enforced The pesticide label incorporates all registration requirements. It is a legal document!!!!! See EPA Laws & Regulations: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Licensing Operations, Solid Waste & Pesticides Enforcement Law: NJ Pesticide Control Act Regulation: NJ Administrative Code Title 7 Chapter 30 Mission: Ensure compliance with federal & State laws/ regulations regarding the use, sale, transport, disposal, manufacture, & storage of pesticides in NJ MG pdh 12/10/2014 6

7 The Label is the Law!!!!!!! Follow the label and use pesticides wisely Don t apply at a higher rate than specified More is more, not necessarily better or legal Restricted use pesticides can only be used by certified applicators The LABEL IS THE LAW!!! Minimum risk pesticide any pesticide or pesticidal active ingredients alone or in combination with certain inert ingredients that EPA has determined are not of a character necessary to be regulated under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); and have been exempted from the registration and reporting_requirements of Section 25(b) of FIFRA, and 40CFR_part_152 of the corresponding regulations Examples: cedar oil citronella corn gluten meal dried blood garlic & garlic oil lauryl sulfate malic acid sodium chloride thyme white pepper zinc metal strips Pesticides cancelled/restricted use in US shipped in from other countries Repackaged restricted use materials marketed to public Misbranding - includes false or unsubstantiated claims (e.g. mosquito vs. WNV) Unregistered products making pesticidal claims Illegal Pesticides Tres Pasitos repackaged aldicarb Common illegal pest products: moth balls, pet products, insecticidal chalk, antibacterial products See EPA s webpage for reports Source: EPA Inspection of Kearny NJ Warehouse Fuji Lavender Moth Tablets Insect Repellant Attempt to Import Unregistered Pesticide With Misleading Packaging Product Seized & Destroyed 1. Pesticide Name 2. Restricted Usage Statement 3. Ingredient Statement 4. Directions for Use ( site & pest) 5. EPA Registration No. 6. EPA Establishment No. 7. Manufacturer Name/Address 8. Hazards to humans/ domestic animals 9. EPA Signal Word/ Symbol 10. Personal Protective Equipment 11. First Aid Statement 12. Environmental Hazards: fish, birds, mammals, aquatic invertebrates, bees 13. Physical or Chemical Hazard(s) 14. Re-entry Statement 15. Storage and Disposal Exercise MG pdh 12/10/2014 7

8 target pests use sites ACTIVE INGREDIENT Paraffinic Oil (Superior Paraffinic type U.R. 92%) 98.00% OTHER INGREDIENTS..2.00% TOTAL % EPA Reg # manufacturer Store and transport in an upright position. EPA Est. No. 4-NY-1 EPA Reg No Buyers Guarantee Limited to Label Claims. BONIDE PRODUCTS, INC. Oriskany, NY Page 4 Precautionary Statement Wording- An example Directions for use Page 2 Page 3 Remember, hazards are product-specific!!! Wash thoroughly after pesticide use... fabric... thickness... composition Pre-soak wash Detergent & hot water Run rinse cycle empty If in doubt, throw it out! MG pdh 12/10/2014 8

9 Pesticide Exposure Precautionary Statement Wording- An example Be aware of symptoms; read label Precautionary & First Aid Statements Remove contaminated clothing Seek medical aid in due time Have the label with you Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor, or going for treatment Pesticide storage in the home... locked for safety! Certified by the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC)...always labeled & in the original container Pesticides & common household items don t mix! Never transfer from larger to smaller containers without proper tools Pesticide disposal tips - homeowners Mix only what s needed Don t burn, bury, or pour into drains Don t reuse or rinse empty containers; place in trash or offer for recycling if available NJ Household Hazardous Waste county programs!!!! MG pdh 12/10/2014 9