Subject Index. Antithrombotic drugs See Drugs, antithrombotic

Transcription

1 STP898-EB/Sep Subject Index A Absorbable vascular grafts, Acellular vascular matrix, Aneurysm, 58, 98 See also Failure, vascular grafts Animal experimental models baboon, endothelial cell seeding, 39 graft surface modification, dog, acellular vascular matrix, carotid arteries, collagen grafts, 299 endothelial cell seeding, , replamineform small caliber grafts, sterility, synthetic grafts, pig, vascular graft evaluation, various materials, rabbit, biodegradable vascular grafts, 200 polyglycolic acid prostheses, 200 Animal origin grafts, FDA regulation of, 5-6 Antithrombotic drugs See Drugs, antithrombotic Aortic grafts, 22, Applicability of vascular grafts, , 279 Arterial surgery See Surgery, vascular Arteries, axillary, bypass grafts, 27, 29 carotid, use as vascular grafts, 113, coronary, bypass grafts, femoral, bypass grafts, 25-32, life table patency, 22 internal mammary, use as vascular grafts, popliteal, bypass grafts, 26, 27 Arteriography, 54, 57 Aspirin, , , 230 ASTM Committee F-4, Medical Surgical Materials and Devices, ASTM Standards D 276:77 D 638:115 D 671: D 1059:77 Copyrighr '~ 1986 by ASTM International

2 344 VASCULAR GRAFT UPDATE D 2256: 77 D : 116 ASTM Subcommittee F04.04, Cardiovascular Implants and Materials, B Bacteria, 14, See also Pyrogens; Sterility Ball Burst Test ASTM Standard D a: 116 Basement membrane, Bench testing biological vascular grafts, Dacron grafts, polytetrafluoroethylene grafts, Biocompatibility graft testing in various species, Biodegradable vascular grafts, Bioelectric polyurethane See Polyurethane, bioelectric Biomaterial surface modification, Bioprosthetic vascular grafts, Blood compatibility, various materials, 172 Blood flow in vascular grafts, , 230 See also Patency Burst testing, 93, 116, 203 polytetrafluoroethylene, 92 Bypass grafts axillary artery, 27, 29 coronary artery, distal, 28-29, 52 extraanatomic, femoral artery, 22, peroneal artery, popliteal artery, 25-32, 52 tibial artery, Calcification, vascular grafts, 174 Calorimeter, Carbodiimide stabilizer, Cardiac surgery See Surgery, cardiac Cardiovascular devices history of regulation, Cell differentiation, Cell migration, Cell proliferation, Cells, endothelial See also Endothelialization in absorbable polymeric grafts, biochemistry of, 190 enzymatic harvest of, use in seeding of grafts, 33-43, smooth muscle cell interaction, 199 macrophages, 186, myofibroblasts, platelets, 38-39, 173 smooth muscle, 199 various cells, 157 (diagram) Collagen distribution in Dacron grafts, 184 effect on healing, quantitative analysis of, small caliber grafts, Contact angle measurement, 100 biosynthetic data plot, 103 Contamination, vascular grafts, 245 "Critical surface tension" biosynthetic grafts, 54, Cross-linking reagents See Carbodiimide stabilizer; Glutaraldehyde stabilizer Cyclooxygenase inhibitors,

3 INDEX 345 D Dacron vascular grafts collagen in, comparison in vitro vs animal/human testing of various types, to veinous grafts, compound materials, crimped vs noncrimped, endurance of, 16-24, fabrication of, FDA regulation of, 6-7 fibrinogen adsorption, , history of development, 11-15, implantation in rabbit aorta, knitted vs woven, microanatomy of, platelet deposition, retrieved human grafts, seeding of, 37-39, spinning of yam for, 73 (diagram) surface modification of, testing of, 80-81, Detergents acellular matrix preparation, 226 Development of vascular grafts, Device performance See Durability; Performance, vascular grafts Diameter, grafts See Small caliber grafts Differential scanning calorimeter, Dipyridamole, 48, Discharge treatment gas, 137 plasma, 137 Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter, 146, 150 Drugs, antithrombotic, 48, 49 (tables) aspirin, 48^9, , 230 dipyridamole, 48, ibuprofen, U-53,059, U-63557A, Warfarin, Durability, biological grafts, Dacron grafts, 16-24, polytetrafluoroethylene grafts, Elasticity biosynthetic grafts, 97 Electroosmosis, Embolus formation See Thrombus/ embolus formation Endothelialization See also Cells, endothelial acellular matrix grafts, dog, animal vs human, 14 in bioelectric polyurethane grafts, 61 carotid artery grafts, dog, Dacron grafts, dog, man, 18 drugs and, polyglycolic acid grafts, review, synthetic grafts in dog/ baboon experimental models, 33^3 in silicone rubber grafts, 61 vascular grafts, man, 171, 173, 174 Endothelium, Endotoxins, Endurance See Durability Evaluation retrieved vascular grafts,

4 346 VASCULAR GRAFT UPDATE Extraanatomic bypass, Extremities See Limbs Fabrication, vascular grafts, history of, replamineform, 51, warp knitting, weft knitting, Failure, vascular grafts, 14, 98-99, , Fatigue tests ASTM Standard D 671: FDA See Food and Drug Administration Fibrinogen adsorption, , 173 Fibrohistiocystic tissue ingrowth, Flex tester, 120 (diagram) Fluoropolymer coatings, Food and Drug Administration 1976 Medical Device Amendment, performance standards development, regulations, 5-9, Formaldehyde preservation retrieved grafts, 163 Gas discharge treatment, 137 Glutaraldehyde stabilizer in biosynthetic vascular grafts, 99 in carotid artery grafts, development of, preservation of retrieved grafts, 163 in umbilical cord vein grafts, Gore-Tex See Polytetrafluoroethylene, expanded Growth factors, 199, 209 H Healing human grafts, 11-15, , 261, , 270 Hemocompatibility graft testing in various species, Heparin, History, vascular grafts development, 11-15, 83-84, legislation, Host tissue, I Ibuprofen, Infection, 58, Inflammatory reaction Dacron grafts, 186, 204 polyglycolic acid grafts, 201 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation (ICAOT), 4 Life table patency rates See Patency Limb salvage, 25-32, 53, 54 Limbs, vascular grafts in Dacron grafts, use of glutaraldehyde stabilizer, 50-59, 300 patency, 22 polytetrafluoroethylene grafts, Lipid imbibition umbilical cord vein graft, 54 Long-term morphological changes, M Macrophages, 186, Mandril-grown grafts,

5 INDEX 347 Materials, vascular graft innovative, , 293, 294 (tables) See also Dacron; Polydioxanone; Polydimethylsiloxane; Polyesters; Polyethylene, low density; Polyglactin 910; Polyglycolic acid; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Polyurethane, bioelectric; Silicone rubber; Teflon Medical Device Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1976), 284 Mesh reinforcing of vascular grafts, 51, Microanatomy Dacron grafts, Morphological changes umbilical cord vein graft, Mullen Burst Test ASTM Standard D a: 116 Myofibroblasts, N Neointima, 157, 160, 172 See also Endothelialization O Occlusion See Patency Ovine grafts, 105 Patency acellular matrix grafts, comparison various graft types, 22 coronary artery bypass grafts, 47 Dacron grafts, 16-24, effect of antithrombotic drugs, 192 effect of gas/plasma discharge treatment, effect of glutaraldehyde stabilizer, 53, , 301 polytetrafluoroethylene grafts, seeded/non-seeded grafts, 192 Performance, vascular grafts, Plasma discharge treatment, , 141 (diagram) Platelets adhesion, 173 growth factors, 209 survival in endothelial cell seeded grafts, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Polydioxanone, 209, 214 Polyesters See also Dacron vascular grafts chemical resistance of, 72 fabrication of, history of use in vascular grafts, testing of, 77, water porosity, Polyethylene, low density (LDPE), Polyethylene terephthalate See Dacron vascular grafts Polyglactin 910, Polyglycolic acid, Polytetrafluoroethylene, expanded (PTFE) vascular grafts endurance, use in limb arterial grafts, physical properties, dynamic, 92 static, 92 seeded grafts, 36, 39 testing of, 84-93, , Polyurethane, bioelectric (BEP), 61-66

6 348 VASCULAR GRAFT UPDATE Porosity effect on polymer strength, 111 and electrochemical laws, gas discharge treatment, 143 water testing, 85, , 124 (diagram) Preservation, vascular grafts, various methods, 163 Pressure equivalent electroosmosis, Prostacyclin, 38, , 202 Prostaglandins, Prostheses See Arteries; Materials, vascular grafts; Veins Pseudointima, See also Endothelialization Pyrogens synthetic grafts, Radio frequency glow discharge treatment, Reconstructive arterial surgery See Surgery, vascular Reinforcing of vascular grafts, 21, 51, Regulation, FDA, 5-9 Replamineform fabrication, Research, history of, Retrieval, vascular grafts, , Revascularization, lower limb, 50-59, , 300 See also Surgery, vascular Safety and efficacy proof for FDA, Sea urchin spines, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 183 Seeded grafts, 33-43, patency, 192 thrombus formation, 192 Silicone rubber vascular grafts 61-66, 294 Sintering, Small artery grafts See Small caliber grafts Small caliber grafts (see others) acellular vascular matrix, collagen, FDA regulation of, 6-7 gas/plasma discharge treatment, history of development, innovative materials, replamineform fabrication, seeded Dacron grafts, surface modification of, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 226 Species selection, See also Animal experimental models Spectroscopy electron, 140 infi-ared, Stabilizers See Carbodiimide stabilizer; Glutaraldehyde stabilizer Standards development, 5-7, , 304 FDA procedures, parameters for graft applications, 281 Sterility effect on thrombus formation, 244 synthetic grafts, Sterilization techniques, , 239 Strength, vascular grafts, burst tests, 86, 93, 203 fatigue tests, pressure tests, 116 MPa, 110 sintering, suture retention, 86-87, 91-92

7 INDEX 349 tension tests, 85, 92-93, 115 yam, 110 Surface modification, and biological response, 138 Surgery, vascular, cardiac, 42^9 Suture retention, 86-87, Synthetic prostheses See Materials, vascular graft Tanning agents, 296 See also Glutaraldehyde stabilizer; Carbodiimide stabilizer Teflon, , 294, 295 Tensile strength tests, 85, ASTM Standard D 638: 115 Tests of vascular grafts See also ASTM Standards biocompatibility, biological, 81 blood flow, burst, 92-93, 116, 203 contact angle measurement, 100, 103 critical surface tensions, 100 fatigue, porosity, 85, pressure, 116, 213 pulse cycle, quahty assurance, 81 tension, 85, 92-93, 115 Thromboxane, Thromboxane synthase inhibitors Thrombus/embolus formation acellular vascular matrix grafts, biosynthetic grafts, 97 electrochemical laws, endothelial cell seeded grafts, 33-43, fluoropolymer coatings, 147 in glutaraldehyde stabilized grafts, 55 and graft surface modification, microemboli, 147, 149 and preventative drugs, 47-49, , 230 in vitro vs in vivo, , and sterility, 244 Triton X-100, 226 Vascular surgery See Surgery, vascular Veins, external jugular, saphenous, 13-14, umbilical cord, 50-59, 297 Velouring of graft material, 19, 123 effect on patency, 22 effect on water porosity, 129 W Warfarin, Warp knitting, 19, and life table patency, 22 Water porosity, Weft knitting, 18, and life table patency, 22 Yam spinning of, 73 (diagram) strength,