Laura Ingwell Wednesday, September 5, 2018

Transcription

1 Biological control of insects in hydroponic production Laura Ingwell Wednesday, September 5, 2018

2 Prevention is key Inspect all material moving into the area Have order of entry protocols

3 Prevention is key Minimize reservoirs and secondary hosts blogs.millersville.edu/rchydroponics

4 Prevention is key Have a clean period when possible eversummergardens.com

5 Monitoring and Early Detection Become familiar with and learn to recognize most anticipated/common pests Verify identification of the pest

6 Monitoring and Early Detection Need to distinguish good from bad, nuisance

7 Monitoring and Early Detection Green Peach Aphid Feeds on over 100 diff plants Potato/Tomato Aphid Feeds on ~30 diff plants

8 Evaluate Be sure that you evaluate the effectiveness of your management decision Retention of predators How quickly you see reduction of pests How long does that control last Is every stage of the insect controlled?

9 Manage for Resistance Keep records and rotate products Resistance can develop to organic pesticides and plant derivatives Insecticidal soaps and oils Neem extracts

10 Commercial Production of Beneficials

11 Commercial Production of Beneficials

12 Aphids Several species, some more common in greenhouses, such as green peach aphids and potato aphids Incomplete metamorphosis = juveniles look like adults Give birth to live young, NO EGGS

13 Aphids bugwood.org daviddarling.info Feed with sucking mouthparts Can kill seedlings or young transplants Can also be a contaminant on the product, especially on leafy greens

14 Aphids

15 Aphid Management General Recommendation Increase in population Leafy Greens Seedling threshold: 2 per plant Established plants: 7 per plant

16 Aphid Management Main mortality factor in field is rainfall, thrive in protected agriculture Look for curled leaves, aphid colonies on underside Mark infestations, return in < 1 week to see if the population is growing/spreading Survey for/conserve natural enemies

17 Aphid Management

18 Aphid Management: Ladybugs Consume prey items Larvae and adult feed Release rate: 5/plant or 1 per sq. foot Generalist predators*

19 Aphid Management: Minute Pirate Bug Larvae and adult feed Piercing-sucking predators Release rate: 3/plant or per acre Floral resources increase longevity

20 Aphid Management: Lacewings Larvae feed Consume prey items Release rate: 10 eggs/plant or per acre

21 Aphid Management: Parasitoids Adults lay eggs inside aphid Mummies remain on plants Release rate: 1-8 per sq. yd. or per acre Variety of species available, don t work for all aphid species

22 Aphid Management: Aphid Midge Larvae feed Purchase pupae, adults emerge and lay eggs Release rate: 1-3 per 10 sq. ft. or 4500 per acre

23 Aphid Management Use banker plants when you can Destroy/remove crop residues

24 Aphid Management Insecticidal soaps and oils Kill on contact, break down cuticle, suffocate insect Can burn plants, check labels Don t apply under water stress or temps. above 90 F

25 Aphid Management Leafy Greens Insecticides: AdmirePro, Agri-Mek, Belay, Beleaf, Brigade, Capture, Dimethoate, Fulfill, Malathion, Pounce, Sivanto, Torac Organic: M-Pede, Mycotrol ESO, BotaniGard ES Tomatoes Insecticides: AdmirePro, Beleaf, Dimethoate, Fulfill, Lannate, Malathion, Sivanto, Vydate Organic: M-Pede, Mycotrol ESO, BotaniGard ES

26 Thrips Adults very small (1/16 inch), slender, yellow to brown Nymphs look like wingless adults Rasping injury to leaf surface causes discolored patches

27 Western Flower Thrips Direct damage and transmission of plant diseases Preferentially feed on flowers

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29 Thrips Lifecycle

30 Thrips Management

31 Thrips Management

32 Thrips Management: Predatory mites Nymphs and adults feed on thrips Preventative: mites/sq. ft. Spot Treatment: mites/sq. ft. Limited ability to disperse

33 Thrips Management Targets pupae in the soil/substrate Applied in a water solution, can be distributed through hydroponic system

34 Thrips Management Insecticides: AdmirePro, Agri-Mek, Ambush, Belay, Beleaf, Brigade, Capture, Dimethoate, Fulfill, Malathion, Pounce, Sivanto, Torac Organic: Entrust, M-Pede, Mycotrol ESO, BotaniGard ES

35 Mites Main mortality factor in field is rainfall, thrive in protected agriculture Hot, dry conditions exacerbate problem Two-spotted spider mite and Tomato russet mite

36 Two-spotted spider mite

37 Tomato russet mite

38 Tomato russet mite

39 Mite Management Scout often Conserve/deploy natural enemies Spider mite destroyer: Stethorus punctillum Amblyseius spp. Phytoseiulus persimilis Spider mite destroyer: Feltiella acarisuga

40 Mite Management

41 Mite Management Leafy Vegetables Insecticides: AdmirePro, Agri-Mek, Brigade, Capture, Dimethoate, Fulfill, Malathion, Pounce Tomatoes Insecticides: Acramite, Agri-Mek, Kanemite, Oberon, Wettable sulfur

42 Whiteflies Usually a minor concern in region, but can become a problem in protected systems Can vector viruses

43 Whitefly Lifecycle

44 Whitefly Management

45 Whitefly Management Eretmocerus eremicus Amblyseius swirskii Encarsia formosa Delphastus catalinae

46 Whitefly Management Tomatoes Insecticides: Admire Pro, Asana, Brigade, Closer, Exirel, Knack, Oberon, Sivanto Prime, Venom Organic: M-Pede, Neemix, Mycotrol ESO, BotaniGard ES

47 Pesticide Recommendations Be sure to check the label to make sure the specific crop you are considering treating is on the label Newer registrations tend to specify crop groups such as leafy greens while older labels list crops individually Some newer registrations will specifically delete certain crops so that they don t overflow the risk cup

48 Thank you for your attention! Phone: