INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR ТОР DRЕSSING WITH ОRGANIC FERTILIZER ON SOME BIOPRODUCTIVE FORAGE PARAMETERS ОF ANNUAL SUMMER CEREAL LEGUMINOUS MIXED CROP

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1 INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR ТОР DRЕSSING WITH ОRGANIC FERTILIZER ON SOME BIOPRODUCTIVE FORAGE PARAMETERS ОF ANNUAL SUMMER CEREAL LEGUMINOUS MIXED CROP Vladimir LINGORSKI DOI: / III(6) 32 Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Troyan, Bulgaria, E mail: vilievl@yahoo.com Abstract: During the periods in the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture (RIMSA) in Troyan the effect of foliar fertilizing with the organic fertilizer BioLIFE on the green and dry mass yields and weed infestation of annual summer spring cereal leguminous mixture was established. The following doses of foliar fertilizer were tested as variants in a mixed crop of fodder maize and white lupine: 1. Untreated with BioLIFE (Standard); 2. Treatment with BioLIFE 2 l/ha; 3. Treatment with BioLIFE 3l/ha; 4. Treatment with BioLIFE 4l/ha. It was found that the application of 4 l/ha BioLIFЕ increased the obtained green and dry mass by and 24.45% more than the untreated standard crop. The exceeding in the productivity of the same variant, as against the obtained ones at the lower doses of foliar fertilizer was by 21.17%, 10.36% and 26.63%, 11.51% respectively. These variants were superior to the standard in yielding capacity of green and dry mass by % and %, respectively. The weed infestation of the mixture sowing was lower for the treatment with foliar fertilizer and the tested doses did not influence it significantly. Key words: summer mixture, foliar fertilizer, green and dry mass, weeds infestation. Introduction Recently the suspension fertilizers for foliar or soil application finds increasingly great application for the needs of organic farming. Up to now the studies in Bulgaria [PAVLOVA et al., 1986; PAVLOVA and BACHVAROV, 1992; POPOV and DZIMOTUDIS, 2007; POPOV and GEORGIEVA, 2009; POPOV et al., 2011] [HERSLEY and and abroad PAUL, 1981; EIBNER, 1986] were mainly directed to cereal and grain legume crops, vegetables, vineyards, ornamental plants. [PAVLOVA and Some of the researchers BACHVAROV, 1992] found that the use of the foliar fertilizer Lactofol increased the grain yields of wheat and its protein content. Other Bulgarian authors have obtained positive results after the use of different fertilizers on pure fodder crops [ANDREINSKA and ANDREINSKI, 1996; ZHELYAZKOVA et al., 2004; SABEV and KERTIKOV, 2008]. Similar results with different annual mixed crops were obtained for the foothill regions of Central Balkan Mountains [LINGORSKI and CHURKOVA, 2010; LINGORSKI and MIHOVSKI, 2010; LINGORSKI and MITEV, 2010]. The organic fertilizer BioLIFE is a bacterial fermentation derivative intended for use in different annual agricultural crops (cereals and legumes, vegetables, flowers, etc.), as well as in different kinds of perennial plantations. Different modifications are manufactured depending on its use. Alfalfa Blend is used for plants fixing atmospheric nitrogen. The fertilizer has balanced content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and high levels of micronutrients, iron, copper, boron, molybdenum and cobalt and is suitable for foliar application. It increases plant growth and development during the growing season. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of foliar top dressing with organic fertilizer BioLIFE (modification Alfalfa Blend 5 5 5) on the green and dry mass yields and weed infestation of annual summer mixture of fodder maize and white lupine cultivated in the soil climatic conditions of the Central Balkan Mountains (Troyan region). 32

2 Banat s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara, Contact: web: bjb@usab tm.ro Materials and Methods Annually the experiment was laid out during 3 years in summer (July) in the experimental field of RIMSA, Troyan on light grey (pseudopodzolic) soil by the block method with 4 replications and size of harvest plot of 5 m 2. The following doses of foliar fertilizing with the organic fertilizer BioLIFE (modification Alfalfa Blend ) were tested as variants in a mixed stand of maize and white lupine: 1.Untreated with BioLIFE (Standard); 2.Leaf tор drеssing with BioLIFE 2 l/ha; 3.Leaf tор drеssing with BioLIFE 3 l/ha; 4.Leaf tор drеssing with BioLIFE 4 l/ha. Before sowing the necessary kinds of pre sowing tillage (shallow ploughing, disking, rotary cultivation) were conducted up to obtaining of a garden status of soil. The sowing rates for the different components of the mixture were as follows: for fodder maize Hybrid germinable seeds /m 2 and for white lupine cv. Lublanc 100 germinable seeds/m 2. The weight ratio of cereal to legume component in the mixture was 1:1. Due to unfavorable weather conditions during the summer (insufficient rainfall combined with high air temperatures), sowing rate was increased by 15%. The inter row spacing was 50 cm for maize and 15 cm for white lupine and the sowing depth 5 7 cm. The trial plot was rolled after sowing. Every year the foliar fertilizing with BioLIFE was conducted once at branching of lupine and the stand harvesting at its full flowering, one mowing being conducted every year. The harvesting of crops is determined by legume component of the mixture, as was done in the early flowering of white lupine. The characteristics of green and dry mass productivity in t/ha and weed infestation of stand in % were recorded annually. The yielding capacity was determined by the cut method with subsequent drying at 105 С of average samples of fresh mass to constant weight and on the basis of % dry matter in them it was recalculated per 1 ha. 33 The weed infestation of the crop was determined by weight from average fresh samples for each replication and variant, recording separately the % participation of the sown crops and weeds (as a total). The mathematical processing of data on green and dry mass productivity was performed by the method of variance analysis. Results and Discussion The data on the obtained yields of dry mass by years and on average for the 3 year period ( ) is given in Table 1. Thus, in 2010 the yields obtained by treatment with different doses of foliar fertilizer ranging from 1.76 t.ha 1 (var. 2) to 2.01 t.ha 1 (var. 4), 0.91 to 1.02 t.ha 1, respectively. The yields exceeding obtained from untreated control variant ranged from 2.32 to 17.05% for the green mass and 4.20 to 15.72% of the dry mass. The exceeding of the most productive var. 4 (treatment with BioLIFE 4 l/ha) towards obtained yields from other treatments (var. 3 and var. 2) amounts to 5.42 and 14.73% and 3.57 and 11.52%, respectively. Due to the small amount of rainfall during the summer period (July August) of 2011, combined with high air temperatures, the yields of fresh and dry mass in treated variants were lower than the previous year, ranging of 0.89 t.ha 1 (var. 2) to 0.91 t.ha 1 (var. 4) and 0.44 t.ha 1 to 0.49 t.ha 1, respectively. Their exceeding toward obtained yields of standard variant varied between to 15.25% for the green mass and to 36.54% for dry mass. The exceeding after leaf top dressing with BioLIFE 4 l/ha (var. 4) in relation to other treatments (var. 3 and var. 2) was to 0.87 and 1.69% and 3.39 and 15.07%, respectively. As a result of the same climatic anomalies in 2012, the green and dry mass yields obtained after treatment with foliar fertilizer, were also under of the real biological potential of crops. Their values ranged from 0.83 t.ha 1 (var. 2) to 0.99 t.ha 1 (var. 4)/ 0.40 t.ha 1 to 0.49 t.ha 1, respectively.

3 The exceeding toward the standard was from to 33.78% for the green mass and 6.70 to 33.33% for dry mass. The exceeding of the most productive var. 4 as regards to other lower doses was and 10.36% and and 11.51%. Table 1 Green and dry mass yields (in t.ha 1 and %) by years and average for the period. Green mass Dry mass Variant t.ha 1 % t.ha 1 % Untreated (St) BioLIFE 2 l/ha BioLIFE 3 l/ha BioLIFE 4 l/ha Untreated (St) BioLIFE 2 l/ha BioLIFE 3 l/ha BioLIFE 4 l/ha Untreated (St) BioLIFE 2 l/ha BioLIFE 3 l/ha BioLIFE 4 l/ha Mean for the period 1. Untreated (St) BioLIFE 2 l/ha BioLIFE 3 l/ha BioLIFE 4 l/ha P<0.05 (0.53 t.ha 1, 16.36%) P<0.01 (0.75 t.ha 1, 22.97%) P<0.001 (1.05 t.ha 1, 32.42%) Average for the period of study a most plant production was obtained at the maximum top dressing dose with BioLIFE (4 l/ha) 1.30 t.ha 1 green mass and respectively 0.67 t.ha 1 dry mass. By other two doses of treatment (var. 2 and var. 3) were obtained lower yields with 7.39 and 14.98% and with %, but by the standard were with and 24.45%. The analysis of weed infestation in sown crops by years indicated in the Fig. 1 shows, that regardless of the treating or untreating with foliar fertilizer (standard) the percentage participation of the mixture components was greater than the weeds. Thus in 2010, the maize by these variants ranged from 50.00% (var. 2) to 54.12% (var. 4), while by the standard amounted to 46.67%. In treated variants the white lupine reached from 41.10% (var. 3) to 46.05% (var. 2) against 50.00% in the untreated standard. The highest weed infestation (5.48%) was registered in var. 3, while in the other tested variants ranged from 3.33% (var. 1 standard) to 4.70% (var. 4). During 2011 the maize in treated variants ranged from 41.76% (var. 4) to 51.06% (var. 3), and in the standard was to 45.83%. 34

4 Banat s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara, Contact: web: bjb@usab tm.ro As results of treating with foliar fertilizer the white lupine reached from 45.74% (var. 3) to 56.04% (var. 4) against 50.00% in the untreated standard crop. Figure 1. Weed infestation of crops by years in %. The highest weed infestation was reported in standard 4.17%, while in the other tested variants it ranged from 2.13% (var. 2) to 3.20% (var. 3). In 2012, the part of maize in crops with treating ranged from 44.61% (var. 3) to 48.23% (var. 4), while in the standard crop reached to 47.05%. In the same variants the white lupine part reached from 50.09% (var. 4) to 53.38% (var. 3) against 49.80% in the untreated crop. The most weeds were registered in standard crop 3.15%, while the other variants it ranged from 1.68% (var. 4) to 2.01% (var. 3). Conclusion In the soil climatic conditions of Central Balkan Mountains (Troyan region) the foliar top dressing with organic fertilizer BioLIFE had a positive effect on the forage yields formation of annual summer mixed crop of fodder maize and white lupine. Most plant production (1.30 t.ha 1 green mass and 0.67 t.ha 1 dry mass) was obtained at the maximum dose of treating with BioLIFE (4 l/ha), and was more with and 24.45% than untreated crop, respectively. Regardless of treatment with different doses of organic fertilizer the crop weed infestation was negligible. References 1. Andreinska, I.; Andreinski, Zh.; Study of the effect of foliar suspension fertilizer Lactofol O on the vegetative characteristics of some varieties of forage pea. Plant Science, (3), pp Eibner, R.; In: Foliar Fertilization, A. Alexander, ISBN, Berlin, pp Hersley, D.R.; Paul, J.L.; Horticulture Science, (4), pp Lingorski, V.; Churkova, B.; Effect of foliar organic fertilizing on cereal legume mixture, Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, (spec. issue), pp Lingorski, V.; Mihovski, Ts.; Effect of foliar nutrition with organic fertilizer of an annual winter mixture in Central Balkan Mountains, Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans, (6), pp Lingorski, V.; Mitev, D.; Effect of foliar nutrition with organic fertilizer on the productivity and weed infestation of an annual early spring mixture, Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans, (6), pp Minev, N.; Yancheva, H.; Popov, N.; Research on the productivity and 35

5 quality of forage pea varieties treated with growth regulators. Climate change: challenges and opportunities in agriculture. AGRISAFE Final Conference, Budapest, Hungary, pp Pavlova, A.; Buchvarov, P.; Application of the suspension fertilizers Lactofol in agriculture, pp Pavlova, A.; Buchvarov, P.; Georgiev, G.; Kudrev, T.; In: Foliar Fertilization, A. Alexander, ISBN, Berlin, pp Popov, N.; Dzimotudis, A.; Study of the effect of Reny on the quality and productivity of Garden peas, Journal of Central European Agriculture, (4), pp Popov, N.; Georgieva, T.; Study of the effects of treatment with growth regulators on quality characteristics of oats, Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans, (5), pp Popov, N.; Sevov, A.; Minev, N.; Dzimotudis, A.; Yancheva, H.; Regulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, quality and productivity in leguminous crops, treated with Reni chemicals, Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans, (4), pp Sabev, V.; Kertikov, T.; Effect of foliar treatment with the biologically active preparation Reni 2 on the grain productivity of spring forage pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plant Science, , pp Zhelyazkova, Ts.; Pavlov, D.; Nenkova, D.; Ivanova, I.; Effect of some growth regulators on the productivity of spring vetch (Viсiа sativа L.). Plant Science, , pp Received: August 1, 2012 Accepted: September 3,