ZIMBABWEAN TOBACCO GROWERS SPOILT FOR CHOICE : TRB CONTINUALLY SCREENS AND AVAILS NEW GREENER AGROCHEMICALS

Transcription

1 CORESTA CONGRESS 2016: BERLIN, GERMANY, 9-13 OCTOBER ZIMBABWEAN TOBACCO GROWERS SPOILT FOR CHOICE : TRB CONTINUALLY SCREENS AND AVAILS NEW GREENER AGROCHEMICALS GARWE D; MASUKWEDZA R. AND DIMBI S. TOBACCO RESEARCH BOARD KUTSAGA

2 Introduction To reduce Zimbabwe s tobacco production environmental footprint Ensures compliance with global requirements for cleaner tobacco production TRB, actively involved in seeking for and screening of safer and greener agrochemicals for use on tobacco

3 Introduction Agrochemicals recommended for use - compliant with the principles of Good Agricultural Practices Done using three approaches

4 THE APPROACH 1. Evaluating all agrochemicals intended for use on tobacco before registration (Pesticide Approval Scheme Service - PASS) 2. Exploration for safer options to replace pesticides no longer acceptable for use - (EU &/or CORESTA regulations) 3. Screening greener alternatives

5 1. PESTICIDE APPROVAL SCHEME SERVICE

6 Introduced in 1964 To assist growers select the appropriate pesticides for use on tobacco And enable principles of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) in tobacco production.. THE PESTICIDE APPROVAL SCHEME 6

7 THE PESTICIDE APPROVAL SCHEME: Required that all agrochemicals be evaluated before registration on tobacco to; ensure biological efficacy establish optimum rate of application. establish the optimum time of application establish the best application method 7

8 Agrochemical Company THE PARTIES Pesticide Registration Officer (Govt.) Tobacco Research Board

9 AGROCHEMICAL COMPANY OBLIGATIONS submit a sample of the product to be approved and submit a sworn statement of content/affidavit stating the formulation and the source of the chemical.

10 PESTICIDE REGISTRATION OFFICER (GOVT) Register the products in Zimbabwe Provide Agrochemical company with import licences Refer all products intended for use on tobacco to TRB for approval

11 TRB S OBLIGATIONS Conduct efficacy trials Conduct an active ingredient analysis Issue an approval certificate if product complies. Conduct random sampling & analysis of approved products

12 THE AGROCHEMICAL COMPANIES TRB values its cooperation with many agrochemical companies including but not limited to; Bayer CropScience, Syngenta, ZFC DuPont, Dow Agrosciences Adama Nova Agro Curechem Profert Agricura, Windmill Sumitomo Chemicals Arysta Life Sciences BASF Citchem, Polachem, TSA CropServe/Sineria

13 No. of products PRODUCTS EVALUATED IN THE LAST 3 YEARS Fungicides Insecticides Nematicides Herbicides

14 LATEST DEVELOPMENTS TRB increasingly receiving and evaluating biopesticides... A very positive development fit with IPM systems contribute to environmentally responsible tobacco production help with resistance management & manage pesticide residue levels

15 2. SEARCH FOR SAFER AND GREENER AGROCHEMICALS

16 WHAT ARE SAFER AGROCHEMICALS : THE TRIANGLE COLOUR CODES Globally Harmonised System DANGER DANGER Very dangerous poison Avoid breathing vapour Extremely harmful Poison DANGER CAUTION Dangerous poison Harmful by skin absorption Harmful if swallowed

17 WHY THE SEARCH? Prompted by the banning, phasing out and withdrawal of most purple & red triangle products e.g. Use of very effective but purple label agrochemicals Methyl bromide, aldicarb, methamidophos, monocrotophos phased out Threat of 1,3 D and EDB withdrawal

18 HOW IS THE SEARCH DONE? Researchers continually scanning the environment for alternatives Annually new products sought and evaluated To date a number of alternative products evaluated and registered for use

19 ALTERNATIVE SYNTHETIC AGROCHEMICALS OLD UNACCEPTABLE AI AVAILED ALTERNATIVES BUDWORM INSECTICIDES Helionthis armigera Methomyl, Acephate, Methamidophos, Monocrotophos Indoxacarb, Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, Green triangle Flubendiamide, products Emamectine benzoate, Flubendiamide+thiacloprid, Lufenuron, Lufenuron+emamectine Lambdacyhalothin+chlorantraniliprole

20 ALTERNATIVE SYNTHETIC AGROCHEMICALS OLD UNACCEPTABLE AI NEMATICIDES Meloidogyne spp 1,3D; EDB; Aldicarb, Methyl bromide APHICIDES Myzus P. nicotianane Acephate, Methamidophos, Monocrotophos Thiodicarb AVAILED ALTERNATIVES Fluopyram Metham Na, Oxamyl, Fenamiphos, Green triangle Thiacloprid, Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam Acetamiprid, Flupyradifurone - Imidacloprid + β-cyfluthrin, Dimethoate Green triangle

21 ALTERNATIVE SYNTHETIC AGROCHEMICALS OLD UNACCEPTABLE AI AVAILED ALTERNATIVES LEAFMINER INSECTICIDES Pthorimae opercullar Acephate CUTWORM INSECTICIDES Fenvalerate FROG EYE FUNGICIDES Benomyl Cyromazine, Imidacloprid+betacyfluthrin, Cyantraniliprole, indoxacarb, Chlorantraniliprole Chlorpyrifos, Deltamethrin, Alphacypermethrin, Lambdacyhalothrin Kresoxim-methyl, Azoxystrobin Azoxystrobin + difenoconazole

22 ALTERNATIVE SYNTHETIC AGROCHEMICALS OLD UNACCEPTABLE AI AVAILED ALTERNATIVES HERBICIDES Triflulralin, Metolachlor, Dimethenamid Alachlor GROWTH REGULANTS Butralin S-Metolachlor, Dimethenamid-p, sulfentrazone, Fluazifop, Propaquizafop, Clomazone Pendimethalin, Flumetralin

23 HOW EFFECTIVE ARE THE ALTERNATIVES?

24 YOU WIN SOME YOU LOSE SOME... NEMATICIDES Hard to beat Methyl bromide, EDB, Aldicarb? Split applications to prolong control period IPM - With root-knot resistant cultivars

25 METHAM-NA VS METHYL BROMIDE IN THE CONVENTIONAL SEEDBED Untreated Control plot Methyl bromide treated plot Metham Na treated plot

26 % Incidence of damage Effective Alternatives... Evaluation of insecticides for leaf miner control

27 Mean Aphid score 4 Effective Alternatives Evaluation of insecticides for aphid control Untreated Control 3 Calypso std WAP Acetamiprid std Sivanto 200 ml Sivanto 267 ml Sivanto 333 ml

28 Mean score (0-4) 4 3 Effective Alternatives Evaluation of fungicides for frog-eye control 2 1 0

29 3. GREENER ALTERNATIVES

30 GREEN ALTERNATIVES TRB continually evaluating non chemicalbased pesticides Pheromones Natural plant products Biological control products Plant Immune boosters

31 PHEROMONES TARGET PEST Product COMMENTS BUDWORM Mating disruption pheromone Effective but still needs one more season of validation LEAFMINER TOBACCO BEETLE Attract and kill pheromone Last Call Attract and kill First season results show it is effective, still requires two more season to validate results Effective as a monitoring tool in grading & storage spaces

32 NATURAL PLANT PRODUCTS TARGET PEST Product COMMENTS BUDWORM Prosular oxymatrine Derivative of the plant Sophora flavescens, a medicinal plant Effective. Registered for use in the field as a contact spray. ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE Garlic pellets (seedbed) Neem (seedbed) Paecilomyces lilacinus & Bacillus firmus (field) Sesamin & Omex Garland Promising. More work needed to establish optimum rates and timing of application

33 TARGET PEST/DISEASE APHIDS BIOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVES ALTERNATIVES TESTED 1. Aphidius spp 2. Beauveria bassiana COMMENTS Work in progress. Greenhouse and lab results show effectiveness CUTWORM Metarhizium anisopliae Work in progress SORE SHIN 1. Trichoderma harzianum products (e.g. TrichoPlus) 2. Mycorrhiza+ Trichoderma 3. Bacillus isolates 4. Yeast isolates Trichoderma spp registered. However, most exotic spp - less effective than the local isolates. Others : Work in progress

34 ALTERNATIVES TO SYNTHETIC AGROCHEMICALS TARGET PEST/DISEASE Virus diseases (PVY and Bushy-Top) ALTERNATIVES TESTED 1. Harpin protein based Plant Health Regulator 2. Plant Immune Protein (Viricides) Chinese 3. Mineral Oils COMMENTS 3 seasons data show - Not effective Work in progress

35 CONCLUSION TRB - the gatekeeper We ensure that the grower produces tobacco that has a market!

36 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TRB staff, Rhoda Masukwedza CORESTA Reading Committee

37 THANK YOU!