GRDC National Frost Initiative

Transcription

1 GRDC National Frost Initiative Ben Biddulph Management Program Tim March Genetic Program Francis Ogbonnaya (GRDC) Bob Belford (Coordinator) Sue Knights (Knowledge Manager) February 2015

2

3 To provide the Australian grains industry with targeted R, D and E solutions to managethe impactof frost and minimiseseasonal profit variability. Objective Reduce the impact of frost in cereal crops Intermediate outcome Growers employing cereal varieties and management options that enable them to minimisethe impact of frost on crop yield and seasonal profit variability Management Growers in frost prone regions implementing management practises that minimisethe impact of frost events Environment Growers employing frost risk management tools to inform varietal choice and management practises Genetics Growers in frost prone regions with access to and using cereal varieties with frost tolerance superior to current dominant varieties

4 GRDC NFI- Management Leader: Ben Biddulph DAFWA Current projects: Farming systems to improve crop tolerance to frost (Ben Biddulph: DAW00241) national program, to June 2016 Crop nutrient management (Richard Bell, Murdoch University: UMU00045) to June 2016 Use of chemicals to increase frost tolerance in Australian Crops (Steve Powles, Roberto Busi, University of Western Australia: UWA000169) to December 2014 Determining yield under frost - one degree at a time (Ben Biddulph: DAW00234) to June 2019

5 GRDC NFI- Environment Leader: TBA Current projects: Frost Situation Analysis; modelling the impact of frost (Jack Christopher, University of Queensland: UQ00071) to Jun 2015 New projects: Assessing forecast and management options for mitigating extreme temperature impacts on grains (James Risbey, CSIRO: CMA00002) - to May 2017 Spatial temperature measurement and mapping tools to assist growers, advisors and extension specialists manage frost risk at a farm scale (Steve Crimp, CSIRO: tbc) to Jun 2019

6 GRDC NFI- Genetics Leader: Tim March (University of Adelaide) Current projects: Australian National Frost Program - coordination and phenotyping (Jason Eglinton, University of Adelaide) UA00136 to Jun 2016 New strategies for phenotyping reproductive stage frost and chilling tolerance in wheat (Rudi Dolferus, CSIRO) CSP to Jun 2015: potential for further investment Maintaining yield stability of wheat under spring frosts (Ben Trevaskis, CSIRO) CSP00180 to Jan 2017 Screening for increased reproductive frost tolerance (Ken Street, ICARDA/UWA) to Jan 2016

7 ANFP Frost Trials Benchmark commercial wheat and barley varieties for sterility under reproductive frost 72 wheat and 48 barley varieties Frost nurseries in WA (DAFWA), SA (UA), NSW (Kalyx) Barley Sterility Wheat Sterility Stem frost

8 Between species Average Wheat Vs Barley damage

9 Wheat and barley ratings No varieties are tolerant Preliminary rankings of susceptibility Relationship between sterility and yield loss is not known Wheat Events VS Wyalkatchem Ave sterility S Category Ave sterility % 13.3% Barley Events VS Barque Ave sterility S Category Ave sterility % 7.1%

10 WA and SA Frost damage Frost Induced Sterility (%)

11 How will a variety be rated and how do I use the rating? Varieties essentially will be rated as very susceptible or susceptible. Ratings are not due to difference in phenology/flowering time, and refer to the relative susceptibility of varieties both flowering at the same time and do not take into account the frost risk associated with when a particular variety will flower given a certain sowing date. Continue to 1. select appropriate maturity for a particular sowing time 2. select varieties based on the best yield, agronomic and disease performance. 3. Then use frost susceptibility ratings to fine tune the frost risk management

12 When will the ratings not work? Ratings have not been linked to variation to frost damage during stem elongation and grain filling. are currently based on the variation in wheat varieties to maintain grain number under minor reproductive frosts at flowering time. Under these reproductive/floret or head frosts grain number is the main yield component affected and hence normally corresponds to yield performance. However, this may not be the case if there is a long growing season or in early sown/flowering crops and varieties are able to compensate differently through late tillers.

13 When will the ratings not work? Ratings have not been linked to variation to frost damage during stem elongation and grain filling. are currently based on the variation in wheat varieties to maintain grain number under minor reproductive frosts at flowering time. Under these reproductive/floret or head frosts grain number is the main yield component affected and hence normally corresponds to yield performance. However, this may not be the case if there is a long growing season or in early sown/flowering crops and varieties are able to compensate differently through late tillers.

14 Key messages Variation in commercial wheat and barley is significant; Preliminary ratings should be available on NVT website this year. Should be used to manage the frost risk of new varieties after they are adopted, based on how known varieties of similar rating are currently managed Under severe frost (for example -4.5 C) or multiple minor frosts (several nights of -1º to -2ºC) all varieties tested to date are equally susceptible, resulting in up to 100 percent sterility in flowering heads Ongoing work will validate relationship with yield (DAW00234 and CSP00180)

15

16 Question 1. How long will it be before we see frost tolerant varieties? 1. James starts school James in high school James is

17 Key messages Barley is more tolerant than wheat Variation in suscetibilityexists within current varieties First select varieties based on yield in your environment, then use frost ratings to fine tune risk management

18 Acknowledgements Francis Ogbonnaya Sue Knights Bob Belford Kalyx Narrabri Josh Barron Denis Harvey Brenton Leske Nathan Height Mike Baker Living Farm Tim March Michael Laws Paul Eckerman Jason Eglinton Richard Devlin Rebecca Jenkinson

19 Questions? Ben Biddulph