CROP MANAGER. Innovation is key to managing diseases. FUNGICIDE GUIDE APRIL

Transcription

1 TOP CROP MANAGER FUNGICIDE GUIDE APRIL Innovation is key to managing diseases Protecting yield potential against disease continues to be a top priority for growers. Innovation is the key, and this year BASF is meeting the challenge with exciting developments in sustainable disease management and the unique plant health benefits of AgCelence. In corn and soybeans, HEADLINE continues to set the standard, merging excellent disease control with the unique benefits of AgCelence for increased yield potential. TWINLINE combines two active ingredients for serious treatment and superior control of all major leaf diseases in cereals. It s also the only multiple-mode-of-action fungicide bringing the AgCelence benefits of increased growth efficiency and better stress management to that crop. CARAMBA provides exceptional activity for managing the growing problem of Fusarium Head Blight in cereals. And LANCE is a proven performer for protection against White mold in dry beans. BASF is proud to sponsor this special fungicide issue. We encourage you to read the information contained in it and discover how the science of disease control is developing to meet your crop production needs. Scott Chapman Marketing Manager, Fungicides and Seed Solutions BASF Canada

2 It s what you ll feel when you get more bushels from every acre of corn and soybeans. Peace of mind can be yours when you use HEADLINE fungicide on your corn and soybeans. Not only does it provide unrivalled protection against disease, it delivers the unique plant-health benefits* of AgCelence greener leaves, stronger stems and stalks, better management of minor stress and higher yield potential.** So your feelings of tranquility will be as bountiful as your yield. Visit agsolutions.ca/headlineeast for more information. * AgCelence benefits refer to products that contain the active ingredient, pyraclostrobin. **All comparisons are to untreated, unless otherwise stated. Always read and follow label directions. AgSolutions, and HEADLINE are registered trademarks of BASF Corporation; AgCelence is a trademark of BASF SE, all used with permission by BASF Canada Inc. HEADLINE should be used in a preventative disease control program BASF Canada Inc.

3 Fungicide Guide 2013 Pests and Diseases 4 Fungicides target key corn threat Know. Grow. APRIL 2013 Top Crop Manager 6 Corn yield response to foliar fungicides Fungicides Charts CORN 10 CEREALS 12 DRY EDIBLE BEANS 12 Soybeans Top Crop Manager would like to thank BASF for sponsoring this year s guide. Through their support we are able to publish this information guide to assist our readers. We are grateful to the numerous fungicide management specialists for their assistance and numerous helpful suggestions contained in the Top Crop Manager Fungicide Guide. TOP CROP MANAGER Published as part of Top Crop Manager, April 2013, by: Annex Publishing & Printing Inc. PO Box 530, 105 Donly Drive South, Simcoe, ON N3Y 4N5 Canada Tel: (519) Fax: (519) Western Editor: Janet Kanters Eastern Sales Manager: Steve McCabe Western Sales Manager: Kevin Yaworsky Group Publisher: Diane Kleer Canada s original technical crop production magazine, the Western edition of Top Crop Manager, is published eight times a year. To be sure of your copies, either mail, fax or your name and full postal address to Top Crop Manager, or subscribe at: com. There is no charge for qualified readers. Not a new field, but an expanding one Every year, it seems there is another method of boosting yield and production. Since the mid-1990s, agriculture has seen the advent of genetically modified traits, GPS and precision farming and various pesticide formulations. Since the middle of the last decade, there has been a marked increase in two other sectors: seed treatments and fungicides. Both are geared to protection, with the former taking care of the seed in the ground and the latter guarding the plant that emerges from the soil. And fungicides, like seed treatments, are not new to the agri-food industry, yet they are certainly expanding in their usage, formulations and availability. Growers are hearing more about fungicides as a means of protecting their crops, boosting yields and maintaining quality, so their importance in the growing season is also taking on a higher profile. It used to be a simple matter for growers to plant the seed in the ground and wait for the final product to mature before harvesting and selling it. That process has been complicated by a host of challenges, from insect pests to a growing list of weed species and diseases. The bottom line is that the face of agriculture continues to evolve. Growers need to respond to the challenges and then incorporate technologies that help them protect their crops, boost their yields and maintain quality. It is just part of an ongoing process. And that is where fungicides are becoming an integral part of a grower s management system. It is also why Top Crop Manager offers the 2013 Fungicide Guide, another in our lineup of value-added resources that help growers deal with an increasing number of diseases. We welcome BASF Canada as the sponsor of this edition of our Fungicide Guide, and we thank them for their support. As with all of our guides, we have done what we can to make the tables as user-friendly and concise as possible. At the same time, we want the guide to be comprehensive, and most of all, to have value. Always remember that this is an amalgamation of charts and label information, compiled from provincial ministries as well as private sector sources. Growers should always check provincial guides and product labels to avoid errors. The guide includes corn, soybeans, cereals and dry edible beans. Product ratings come from provincial guides and have been reviewed by the participating chemical companies. Again, we strongly advise growers to check provincial guides and product labels for full details and as a cross-reference. Each year, new products may be introduced and some withdrawn from the market. Due to publication lead-time conflicting with confirmation of registration for new products, there is the possibility that we have been unable to include all of them. We suggest readers make a suitable note in their copy of the guide as new products are introduced. SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (EAST) - APRIL

4 pests and diseases Photo courtesy of Victor Limay-Rios, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus. Fungicides target key corn threat Testing a new weapon to reduce mycotoxins in corn. by Blair Andrews A research study on applying fungicides on corn has produced some encouraging results when it comes to reducing the levels of mycotoxins in the crop. Dr. Art Schaffsma and Dr. Victor Limay-Rios at the University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, recently tested a new generation of triazoles, with a particular focus on application timing. We knew that the silking stage is when you should spray because it is when the plant is more vulnerable to infection, but we didn t know at which specific stage of silking, says Limay-Rios. The ultimate goal of the study is to help give growers another tool to reduce the risk of Gibberella ear rot. Caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, ear rot is regarded as the most important corn disease associated with mycotoxin contamination in the Great Lakes region of North America. Furthermore, deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation and F. graminearum infections in grains are frequently reported in the southwest part of the province. It is a challenge for hog producers because the animals are susceptible to DON ingestion, causing feed refusal, weight loss and immune-suppression that may predispose them to disease infection. Two major outbreaks occurred in Ontario in 2006 and 2011 with mean DON concentrations higher than the maximum tolerable level in swine diets recommended by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, as well as levels that caused problems for the ethanol industry. High rainfall and moderate temperatures during the period from silking to grain filling are also associated with DON accumulation in the grain. Although fungicides are commonly used for fusarium head blight in wheat, Limay-Rios says a fungicide had not been registered for F. graminearum control in corn until recently. Prothioconazole, better known as Proline from Bayer CropScience, is the only product in Canada registered for ear rot suppression in corn. Others have been tested, including metconazole (Caramba from BASF), but only at full silking, ABOVE: Picture shows the variability of mold symptoms in 10 corn cobs inoculated with spores of F. graminearum. 4 SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (EAST) - APRIL 2013

5 a new-generation triazole that has not yet been submitted for registration. The key findings from the experiments revealed that a significant reduction in toxin levels was achieved when prothioconazole was applied at R1 silking stage, from silk emergence to full silking. In other words, Limay-Rios says, it s better to have more of the silk emerged. When it comes to infection, the most critical part is actually when the silk starts to get brown so when it s a little brown, that decay is very conducive to Fusarium infection, he notes. So we always thought that was the best time to spray, but what we re seeing is actually a preventive treatment before you reach that stage. The experiments The testing was done in controlled, replicated experiments in small-scale misting irrigation plots and experimental field trials in Ridgetown in 2010 and In the misting trial, 10 primary ears of two susceptible corn hybrids were inoculated twice with F. graminearum macroconidia at silk emergence and at the beginning of silk browning. The risks of natural contamination were measured in field trials in a single hybrid. The recommended dose rate was sprayed at different stages of silk emergence, elongation and senescence in the susceptible hybrids that were planted in mid-june. Limay-Rios says a high-clearance sprayer equipped with flat fan drop nozzles directed to corn ears was used for fungicide application in field trials. The percentage of prothioconazole efficacy was evaluated by comparing mean levels of DON in treated plots relative to the levels of untreated control plots. The results showed that no significant differences in harvested grain toxin were found between hybrids and years in the misting trial. But, when fungicide was applied during tassels (R1 silking stage) and when silks were fully emerged, significant toxin reduction was observed with a mean reduction of 58 and 67 percent relative to the untreated control. In addition, toxin reduction was observed in both years when fungicide was applied during the tasselling and fully emerged silk stages with a reduction of 56 and 59 percent to the control. Because it is not practical for farmers to use drop nozzles directed to corn silks, Limay-Rios advises that these results need to be validated using an air sprayer where fungicide efficiency would be lower as less product reaches the silks. On applying at silk emergence, the researchers noted that the combined results of the trials showed that under ideal conditions, a significant reduction of DON levels in harvested grain was achieved by spraying the recommended rate of Proline from silk emergence to full silking. Some toxin reduction was also found at less than 50 percent silk emergence or silk browning of more than 50 percent. No toxin reduction was found when a fungicide was sprayed at silk senescence when it was dry and brown. Kate Hyatt, technical support representative at Bayer Crop- Science, agrees that the work Limay-Rios and his team has completed highlights what she says is the dependable DON reduction of Proline, along with the importance of application when the silks are out and are susceptible to Fusarium. However, she adds, the product should not be sprayed before silking. Other fungicides registered in corn such as Headline, Quilt and Acapela are registered for leaf diseases only, says Hyatt. Sometimes the manufacturers want the timing to be earlier. We don t spray Proline earlier because our main focus is DON suppression. Hyatt says coverage is another important factor, as the flat fan nozzles applied over the crop canopy were appropriate and worked well in the research project. However, driving through the corn crop, which can be eight to 10 feet tall, can be hard on a farmer s equipment, not to mention running the risk of trampling the crop. Proline is registered for ground application and we have submitted it to be registered for aerial application, which will eliminate the risk of wear and tear on the ground rig and the crop trampling as well, adds Hyatt. Trevor Kraus, supervisor of research and commercial development for Eastern Canada at BASF, also gives the study a favourable review. BASF has been working with the researchers at Ridgetown on applying Caramba to corn. Kraus says they gave the corn a stiff challenge by inoculating it with high levels of F. graminearum inoculum in the controls. I thought the fungicide application results were consistent, reducing the vomitoxin level by 50 to 60 percent in experimental trials, which is in the ballpark of what you would see in cereals, says Kraus. When it comes to infection, the most critical part is actually when the silk starts to get brown... Given the results of the study and the economic impact of vomitoxins, particularly in hog production, Kraus says BASF is interested in having Caramba registered for DON suppression in corn. Limay-Rios says that researchers also want to learn more about the interaction between the fungicide and corn genetics, as the process is not well understood. Citing the experience of winter wheat as the guide, he expects the best results could be achieved by combining hybrids that have a lower susceptibly to disease with a welltimed fungicide application. He concedes that a 60 percent reduction of a high concentration of mycotoxin could still result in unacceptably high levels in the grain, but he points out that this approach can help take the edge off a bad year, thereby allowing more opportunities to manage highly contaminated grain lots at the farm level. As for the next step, the researchers are working on a forecasting method for DON in corn. Seeing symptoms in the crop is too late, says Limay-Rios of the need for a prediction model. The researchers hope to come up with a platform that will allow farmers and crop advisors to determine the certain of specific weather variables that are conducive for toxins to accumulate in the grain. But, it is still a work in progress because of the relatively high amount of turnover of corn hybrids. It s not like you have in wheat where you have some varieties that stay on the market for quite a few years, says Limay-Rios. In corn, varieties change often and quickly. Thus developing a method is challenging with such a dynamic market as corn hybrids, he adds. SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (EAST) - APRIL

6 pests and diseases Photos courtesy of Dave Hooker. Corn yield response to foliar fungicides Researchers looked at almost 10,000 Ontario plots to identify the key factors that determine the effectiveness of foliar fungicides. by Carolyn King Corn crops sometimes get a big yield boost of 40 bushels or more from a foliar fungicide application, but sometimes the improvement is much more moderate or does not appear at all. So when is it worth it to apply a foliar fungicide to corn? Ontario researchers are zeroing in on the answer to that question. Foliar fungicides are a newer tool that has been added to the toolbox for many of our producers, says Albert Tenuta, field crop pathologist with the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA). Until about five years ago, foliar fungicide use was not very common in corn production. But in just a few years, these relatively new options have become increasingly popular. Tenuta identifies a number of reasons for this growing popularity. One factor is disease levels appear to be rising, particularly for some of the most common leaf diseases, such as northern leaf blight. Also, changing agricultural practices such as increased crop residue levels, shorter crop rotations and use of susceptible hybrids are contributing to the higher disease risk. He notes that two other factors are helping to increase grower interest in foliar fungicides: The higher price of corn makes it easier to reach the break-even point on the cost of a fungicide application, so everybody is trying to maximize yields. And I think fungicide marketing has also played a role. For instance, some foliar fungicides are promoted as providing both disease control and plant health benefits, so some growers are applying them even when foliar disease pressure is low. Tenuta and his colleagues at OMAFRA collaborated with Dr. Dave Hooker at the University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, to investigate agronomic issues in corn, soybean and wheat, including foliar fungicide use. Their research received funding from various sources, including the Agricultural Adaptation Council, Grain Farmers of Ontario, Seed Corn Growers of Ontario and the Thames Valley Regional Soil and Crop Improvement Association. As well, seed companies and ABOVE: University of Guelph and OMAFRA researchers have studied corn yield response to foliar fungicides at almost 10,000 field plots across Ontario. 6 SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (EAST) - APRIL 2013

7 fungicide companies have provided some funding and their products for the research trials. When we started studying foliar fungicide effects in corn, we realized yields in some situations are quite responsive to fungicide applications, says Hooker. If yield can be substantially increased, then fungicides could play a very important role in managing corn in terms of profitability and increasing the competitiveness of the industry. His interest in fungicide effects on corn performance focuses on issues such as yield, quality and standability, as well as how to manage fungicides for best corn performance. In addition, he would like to develop a science-based tool to help corn growers decide whether or not to spray. The decision to spray is just as important as the decision to not spray, he explains. For example, if a grower decides to spray and the application doesn t provide much of a yield benefit, that decision could result in an economic loss to the grower. But also it could increase the risk of developing pathogen resistance to the fungicide. So we need a much better level of understanding for making accurate spraying decisions. Variable responses, various factors To get an overall view of corn yield response to foliar fungicides, Hooker and Tenuta evaluated the results from almost 10,000 field plots across Ontario in studies conducted from 2008 to In these studies, several fungicides were compared in corn at tasselling. They found quite a range of yield responses. In 75 percent of the plots, there was at least a 3.2 bu/ac yield increase. Fifty percent had at least a 5.9-bu/ac increase, and 25 percent had at least a 9.3 bu/ac increase. According to Tenuta, these results can connect to the likelihood of a profitable yield response. For example, if the corn price is $8/bu and a foliar fungicide application costs $24/ac, then a yield boost of 3 bu/ac would pay for the application. Since there s about a 75 percent chance of at least a 3 bu/ac response, the odds favour a positive return from a fungicide application with eightdollar corn. The researchers analyzed the factors associated with the higher yield responses. The fields with yield responses over 6 bu/ac generally have low to moderate levels of foliar disease, very good yield potential, humid weather and good growing conditions during grain fill, says Hooker. If the field has a low yield potential or other stresses such as drought stress, we don t usually see a fungicide response. Another factor Hooker and Tenuta have been evaluating is the influence of the hybrid. For instance, in a comprehensive study across different locations and years, they compared over 60 hybrids with and without an application of Headline. We found that about a third of the hybrids on the market today are responsive to fungicides regardless of disease in the canopy, says Hooker. The trick is to identify those responsive hybrids. By the time a hybrid is identified as responsive, it might not be available in the market anymore. He suggests that hybrid responsiveness to foliar fungicides be evaluated as part of the Ontario Corn Committee s annual hybrid performance trials, so that growers will have a timely source of this important information. The trial results show that one of the most critically important things a producer can do is hybrid selection, or variety selection for that matter in all crops choosing the best hybrid or variety to maximize potential yield, emphasizes Tenuta. Generally in these hybrid trials, fungicide application had a significant yield benefit when disease was present. We have seen The most consistent situation where foliar fungicides boost yields considerably is where there is foliar disease pressure. foliar diseases reduce crop yields by 50 bu/ac, and fungicides can mitigate that entire yield loss. So a fungicide applied at the right time can increase yields by 50 bu/ac by controlling a moderate to severe leaf disease infection, says Hooker. For the majority of the hybrids, if disease is present and if the fungicides control the disease, then we usually see a significant yield response. However, some hybrids are susceptible to disease but don t respond very well to a fungicide. In addition, the researchers found about a 10 bu/ac yield increase when leaf disease levels were low. Hooker notes: The leaf disease takes away some green leaf area. However, [when disease levels are low] the amount it takes away shouldn t affect the yield that much, but it does. So it s not just disease control that is causing some of these yield increases; some other factor within the plant must be responding to the fungicide. To follow up on these findings, the researchers are conducting studies to see if it might be possible to predict which specific hybrids will be responsive to foliar fungicides even when disease levels are low. As well, they are exploring plant health effects of the fungicides. For instance, they ve shown that foliar fungicide applications tend to improve standability. Lodging problems have a connection with leaf disease, Tenuta explains: When a lot of leaf disease is present, the corn plant s photosynthetic ability to feed itself and fill the grain can be severely compromised. That can cause the plant to move carbohydrates from the stalk and the roots into the developing ear and into filling the grain. The result can be increased stalk rots and increased lodging due to a weakened stalk. However, standability improvements in their trials occurred even when leaf disease pressure was low. Hooker says that all foliar fungicides reduce the chance of stalk lodging, due to general plant health improvement. If the plant is healthier, he adds, it will continue to photosynthesize late into grain fill. That helps keep the stalk healthier because more photosynthate reserves are left in the stalk. SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (EAST) - APRIL

8 But some plant health effects depend on the fungicide. For instance, we see a reduction in the amount of fungal toxins in corn with an application of Proline at the right time, says Hooker The researchers are also assessing the interaction of hybrid and fungicide in combination with other management factors, such as whether higher plant populations and/or higher nitrogen rates would tend to generate a higher yield response to foliar fungicides. As Hooker explains: Plants don t respond to one factor alone; they respond to a system of factors. Key factors Considering their research results to date, Hooker identifies three key factors in corn yield response to foliar fungicides. The hybrid itself is probably the most critical factor, and the hybrid s susceptibility to disease usually the hybrids that are most susceptible to disease are the ones that respond the most. Whether foliar disease is present is another major factor. If disease is present, usually we get a bigger response to a fungicide. And weather is very important. With humid, wet conditions, we generally have a greater response. Plant population seems to be a secondary factor, with higher populations tending to generate a higher yield response. But the role that plant health effects play is more complicated. Although we see a number of plant health effects, some of those plant health improvements don t necessarily translate into yield. And in some cases we don t see any plant health improvement, but we see yield improvement. So there is much we don t understand about why yield responds in some environments and not in others, says Hooker. Adds Tenuta: What we ve really learned is that we still have a lot more to learn about hybrids and their interactions to not only fungicides but also the environment Every time we take a step forward, we have more questions to answer as well. Tips on spray decisions for now The results so far are helping Hooker and Tenuta to shape the foliar fungicide spray decision tool. We re probably about a year away from a beta version of the tool. Then we ll need to test it using some independent datasets before we release it, says Hooker. The tool would include things like a weather factor, a hybrid factor, whether or not foliar disease is present, and if it is present, how far up the canopy the disease is at the VT stage of crop development, which is when most spray applications are made. For now, how should corn growers decide whether a foliar fungicide application would likely generate a profitable corn yield response? The most consistent situation when we can bump up yields considerably is when we consider disease in the equation. Let s face it: these fungicides were developed for disease management. They work very well and most consistently about 80 to 90 percent of the time where there s disease pressure, says Tenuta. In most cases, the higher the disease risk, the greater the probability of a profitable yield response. There are a variety of key considerations that must be Fusarium rolls across the land. Ugly and unstoppable.

9 identified to help evaluate the risk of foliar disease and the likelihood of a profitable corn yield response to a foliar fungicide, explains Tenuta. Number 1 is the hybrid s susceptibility to foliar disease, he says. Also, be out there scouting [prior to tasselling] and note which foliar diseases are present. Different diseases have the potential to cause different levels of damage. For example, northern leaf blight, grey leaf spot and rust have considerably more potential to take yield away than eyespot. And be sure to assess the severity of foliar diseases Check the second or third leaf from the ear, and any leaves above that. If you see a lesion or two on those leaves, that indicates disease risk. Another big factor is the weather: If the weather has been hot and dry, that is unfavourable for many of these foliar diseases to start off and establish, notes Tenuta. And if it s likely to continue hot and dry, then the risk of disease development is low. Moderate temperatures with good rainfall or high humidity are more favourable for these diseases. Other factors that increase the foliar disease risk include if the crop was planted late, if the field has a history of foliar disease, if the crop residue levels are high and if the previous crop was also corn. And of course, the price of corn must be considered, adds Tenuta. Whether you are looking at $3 or $8 corn makes a big difference to whether a fungicide application makes economic sense. Sometimes foliar fungicide applications provide a corn yield benefit when disease pressure is low. Until Now. Because true Fusarium management has finally arrived. CARAMBA fungicide manages Fusarium Head Blight and delivers exceptional control of leaf diseases. Registered for cereals, including winter and spring wheat, it ll help you keep your yields on track. Learn more by visiting agsolutions.ca/caramba or calling AgSolutions Customer Care at BASF (2273). Always read and follow label directions. AgSolutions is a registered trade-mark of BASF Corporation; and CARAMBA is a registered trade-mark of BASF AGRO B.V., all used with permission by BASF Canada Inc. CARAMBA should be used in a preventative disease control program BASF Canada Inc.

10 FUNGICIDES 2013 CORN Fungicide Group Active Ingredient Resistance Risk Ear Rots (Fusarium and Gibberella) Acapela 11 picoxystrobin High Bumper 418 EC 3 propiconazole Medium Headline EC 11 pyraclostrobin High Proline 480 SC 3 prothioconazole Medium S Quadris 11 azoxystrobin High Quilt 3,11 azoxystrobin, propiconazole Medium Tilt 250 E 3 propiconazole Medium Notes: Fungicide effective against the disease S Suppression only N/C Not Classified CEREALS Acapela (picoxystrobin) Blanket (azoxystrobin, propiconazole) Bravo 500 (chlorothalonil) Bumper 418EC (propiconazole) Caramba (metconazole) Fungicide Group 11 3,11 M 3 3 Resistance Risk High Med Low Med Med Wheat (Spring & Winter) Fusarium Head Blight S S Powdery Mildew Leaf Rust Stem Rust Stripe Rust Septoria Glume Blotch Septoria Leaf Spot Tan Spot Barley Fusarium Head Blight S Net Blotch Powdery Mildew Barley Leaf Rust Stem Rust Stripe Rust Scald Septoria Leaf Spot Spot Blotch S Oat Fusarium Head Blight Crown Rust Septoria Leaf Spot Stem Rust Notes: Fungicide effective against the disease S Suppression only N/C Not Classified 10 SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (EAST) - APRIL 2013

11 FUNGICIDES 2013 Eye Spot Grey Leaf Spot Helminthosporium Leaf Spot Northern Corn Leaf Blight Southern Corn Leaf Blight Rust Dithane DG Rainshield (mancozeb) Folicur 432F (tebuconazole) Headline EC (pyraclostrobin) Prosaro 250 EC (tebuconazole, prothioconazole) Quilt (azoxystrobin, propiconazole) Stratego 250EC (propiconazole, trifloxystrobin) Tilt 250E (propiconazole) M ,3 3,11 3, 11 3 Low Med High Med Med Med Med S S S SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (EAST) - APRIL

12 FUNGICIDES 2013 DRY EDIBLE BEANS Fungicide Group Active Ingredient Acapela 11 picoxystrobin Allegro 500F 29 fluazinam Bumper 418 EC 3 propiconazole Contans (bio-fungicide) N/C Coniothyrium minitans strain Headline EC 11 pyraclostrobin Lance 7 boscalid Quadris 11 azoxystrobin Quilt 3,11 azoxystrobin, propiconazole Rovral WDG 2 iprodione Senator 70 WP 1 thiophanate-methyl Tilt 250 E 3 propiconazole Notes: Fungicide effective against the disease S Suppression only N/C Not Classified SOYBEANs Fungicide Group Active Ingredient Acapela 11 picoxystrobin Bumper 418 EC 3 propiconazole Contans (bio-fungicide) N/C Coniothyrium minitans strain Folicur 432 F 3 tebuconazole Headline EC 11 pyraclostrobin Quadris 11 azoxystrobin Quilt 3,11 azoxystrobin, propiconazole Serenade MAX (bio-fungicide) 44 Bacillus subtilis (QST 713 strain) Stratego 250 EC 3,11 trifloxystrobin, propiconazole Tilt 250 E 3 propiconazole Notes: Fungicide effective against the disease S Suppression only N/C Not Classified 12 SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (EAST) - APRIL 2013

13 FUNGICIDES 2013 Resistance Risk Anthracnose Asian Soybean Rust Bean Rust White Mould / Sclerotinia rot High S Low Medium Unknown High Medium High Medium Med-High High Medium S Resistance Risk Asian Soybean Rust Frog-Eye Leaf Spot Powdery Mildew White Mould / Sclerotinia Rot High S Medium Unknown S Medium High High Medium Low Medium Medium SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (EAST) - APRIL

14 87 Physiological maturity: black dot/layer visible at base of kernels, about 60% dry matter 85 Dough stage: kernels yellowish to yellow (variety-dependent), about 55% dry matter 7. Development of Fruit Nearly all kernels have reached final size 75 Kernels in middle of cob yellowish-white (variety-dependent), content milky, about 40% dry matter 73 Early milk 71 Beginning of grain development: kernels at blister stage, about 16% dry matter 6. Flowering, Anthesis End of flowering: stigmata completely dry 3. Stem Elongation 5.Inflorescence Emergence, Heading 65 Male: upper & lower parts of tassel in flower Female: stigmata fully emerged 63 Male: beginning of pollen shedding Female: tips of stigmata visible 59 End of tassel emergence: tassel fully emerged and separated 55 Middle of tassel emergence: middle of tassel begins to separate 53 Tip of tassel visible 51 Beginning of tassel emergence, tassel detectable at top of stem 39 9 or more nodes detectable3 3. Stages continuous till 33 3 nodes detectable 32 2 nodes detectable 31 First node detectable 30 Beginning of stem elongation 0. Germination 1. Leaf Development1, / Top Crop Manager west april Male: flowering completed Female: stigmata drying 61 Male: stamens in middle of tassel visible Female: tip of ear emerging from leaf sheath 13 Source: Weber and Bleiholder, 1990; Lancashire et al., The following provides a description of the phenological growth stages for corn based on the BBCH scale. 83 Early dough: kernel content soft, about 45% dry matter 3 In maize, tassel emergence may occur earlier; in this case, continue with principal growth stage Ripening Full ripe: kernels hard & shiny, about 65% dry matter 2 Tillering or stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 19; in this case continue with principal growth stage Plant dead & collapsing or more leaves unfolded Stages continuous till 3 leaves unfolded 2 leaves unfolded First leaf unfolded First leaf through coleoptile Coleoptile penetrates soil Coleoptile emerged from caryopsis Radicle elongated, root hairs/side roots visible Radicle emerged from caryopsis Seed imbibition complete Beginning of seed imbibition Dry seed (caryopsis) 1 A leaf may be described as unfolded when its ligule is visible or the tip of next leaf is visible. 9. Senescence 99 Harvested product SUPPLEMENT TO TOP CROP MANAGER (EAST) - APRIL 2013

15 Aim for higher yields in dry beans. Always read and follow label directions. AgSolutions is a registered trade-mark of BASF Corporation; LANCE is a registered trade-mark of BASF SE, all used with permission by BASF Canada Inc. LANCE should be used in a preventative disease control program BASF Canada Inc. LANCE is your first line of defence against disease. Protect your dry bean yields with a preventative application of LANCE fungicide. LANCE works on contact then moves systemically in plants to prevent diseases like White mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) from damaging your crop, allowing it to reach its full yield potential. To learn more, talk to your BASF Retailer or call AgSolutions Customer Care at BASF (2273). Visit agsolutions.ca

16 When you re serious about disease control. If an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, this stuff is worth its weight in gold. With its multiple modes of action, new TWINLINE fungicide delivers exceptional control of major leaf diseases in cereal crops. It also offers something other fungicides don t AgCelence. That means greener leaves, stronger stems and bigger seeds. And the kind of profits that would make any physician green with envy. Visit agsolutions.ca/twinline for more information. Always read and follow label directions. AgSolutions is a registered trade-mark of BASF Corporation; AgCelence, and TWINLINE are trade-marks of BASF SE, all used with permission by BASF Canada Inc. TWINLINE should be used in a preventative disease control program BASF Canada Inc.