NUTRIENT DYNAMICS WITHIN THE INAPRO DOUBLE RECIRCULATING AQUAPONIC SYSTEM (DRAPS)

Transcription

1 NUTRIENT DYNAMICS WITHIN THE INAPRO DOUBLE RECIRCULATING AQUAPONIC SYSTEM (DRAPS) Werner Kloas Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology & Inland Fisheries (IGB), Department Ecophysiology & Aquaculture, Berlin, Germany

2 CHALLENGES AND VISION The EU project INAPRO implements innovative water, energy, and nutrient management solutions to exploit resources efficiencies for aquaponics INAPRO aquaponics allows a nearly emission-free sustainable food production keeping similar yields for fish and plants as in separated systems INAPRO meets well with the recent EU strategies under the new Horizon 2020 framework to face the challenges of the dramatic development of the water resource situation in Europe and worldwide Aims: - saving the use of water - reduce emissions (CO 2, N, P) by value added chains - contribute to food security by productive sustainability 2

3 DIFFERENT RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS aquaponics = aquaculture + hydroponics conventional single recirculation aquaponic system (SRAPS) innovative double recirculation aquaponic system (DRAPS) allows to establish optimum conditions for both, fish and plants! 3

4 INAPRO AQUAPONICS Aquaculture (RAS) Feed Hydroponics (B) Mechanical filter (2) Fish tanks (1) Condensed water (10) 3 DRAPS Pump sump (5) 3 Biofilter (4) CO 2 Plant gutter (9) 3 3-chamber-pit (6) Nutrient solution tank (8) Fresh water Sludge Fertiliser (7) 4

5 INAPRO SYSTEM DESIGN 2 demonstration plants - Waren, Germany - Murcia, Spain 5

6 TEST & RESEARCH FACILITY (Abtshagen) Basic data Total area: 196 m² RAS: 43 m² 8 m 3 rearing volume Greenhouse: 139 m² 88.4 m² net cultivation area 8 plant gutters 192 tomato plants nutrient film technology (NFT) Technical room: 14 m² 6

7 MATERIAL AND METHODS Experimental design Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Pureza) Treatments for the hydroponic unit (1) well water (control), EC 1.8 (2) fish water, EC 1.8 (3) fish water, EC 3.0 in all treatments fertilizer was added to reach optimum conditions for plants Working hypothesis: aquaponic fishwater can become supplemented in DRAPS to get the same tomato yield as by optimum artificial fertilizer in separate hydroponics! 7

8 MATERIAL AND METHODS Data collection water quality nutrients (weekly) water use by plants plant monitoring photosynthesis transpiration plant growth leaf area generative development fruit quantity (weekly) fruit quality 8

9 Nutrient concentration (mg L -1 ) NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION IN FISH WATER mean nutrient concentrations in the fish water were correlated to fish densities, however, due to several reconfigurations of the experimental unit the fish densities varied a lot (mean 20 kg m -3 ) and did by far not reach normal aquaculture situation Recommendations by Lattauschke Fish water (Feb to April) Fish water (Aug to Oct) Tap water Fish water (May to Jul) N-NO 3 varied markedly only from 15 to 45 mg/l, in contrast our system at IGB is having concentrations between mg/l (Kloas et al. 2015) being able to supplement fully the tomato plants (150 mg/l). 0 P K Ca Mg S Na Element Lattauschke, G. (2004) Gewächshaustomaten - Hinweis zum umweltgerechten Anbau und Managementunterlagen. Sächsisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Landwirtschaft 9

10 100% 92.9% 104.6% 100% 93.1% 104.2% 100% 68.6% 137.1% Mean yield (kg m -2 ) TOTAL TOMATO YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITIES despite varying nutrient concentrations INAPRO aquaponics achieved similar tomato yields as in separated hydroponics by supplementation of the fish water! ab hydroponics, EC 1.8 aquaponics, EC 1.8 aquaponics, EC 3.0 a b ab YES - aquaponic fishwater can become supplemented in DRAPS to get the same tomato yield as by optimum b a c artificial fertilizer in separate hydroponics! a Total yield Marketable yield Non-marketable yield Qualities b 10

11 Dry matter (%) SSC (g 100g-1 FW) SAR Lycopene and ß-carotene (mg g-1 DM) FRUIT QUALITY highest dry matter content in aquaponics, EC 3.0 (high salt concentration) soluble solids and sugar-acid ratio a bit lower in aquaponics, EC 1.8 Lycopene and ß-carotene contents were similar hydroponics, EC 1.8 aquaponics, EC 1.8 aquaponics, EC 3.0 b a b 6 a a b b a c a a a a a a Dry matter Soluble solids Sugar-acid ratio Lycopene ß-carotene 11

12 FERTILISER USE EFFICIENCY (FUE) FUE was increased by 23.6% in aquaponics compared to the control reduction of total fertilizer input was 25.2% in aquaponics (with complete fish stocking 75% can be expected) Preceeding experiment (Kloas et al., 2015) at IGB: reduction of fertilizer by 60%! Hydroponics, EC 1.8 Aquaponics, EC 1.8 Total yield per treatment (kg) Mineral fertiliser addition (kg) (100%) 11.6 (74.8%) FUE (kg kg -1 )* * FUE was calculated as ratio between the total yield of tomatoes and the total fertilizer use Johanna Suhl, Dennis Dannehl, Werner Kloas, Daniela Baganz, and Uwe Schmidt (2016) Advanced aquaponics: Evaluation of intensive tomato production in aquaponics vs. conventional hydroponics. Water Management 178:

13 What can we harvest with 10 L water? Hydroponics: 300 g Field: 50 g RAS: 10 g DRAPS (aquaponics) : 2.5 g 2.0 g 0.6 g 500 g 100 g Productive Sustainability! 13

14 PERSPECTIVES saving water (~90%) minimizing emissions (N, P, CO 2 ) saving fertilizer (~75%) productive sustainability for aquaculture and hydroponics!!!! no need to be restricted to tomatoes! In principle all plants useful for hydroponics can be used for aquaponics. furthermore also all fish species, useful for RAS, can be combined in DRAPS-aquaponics! Transfer to application: 14

15 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Why are screening-platforms important for the European Research Area? This project has received funding from the European Union s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no