CROP BULLETIN CONTENT

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1 Crop Reporting Service, Punjab VOLUME-II, ISSUE-5, SERIAL #17 CONTENT Crop Situation Summary April, Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) of Punjab Province (GLAM) 1 Wheat Analysis (Land Holding & Yield) Wheat consumption in the Punjab 2 Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI Graph) at Divisional Level, April, Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) Growth Profile at Division Level 4-7 OVERTURE CRS, the Wing of Agriculture Department Punjab, is responsible for estimation of Area, Production and Average yield of Agricultural Crops in the Province. The acreage and the yield of major and minor crops are estimated through objective sample surveys, conducted in 1240 randomly selected village all over the province. Estimates of other minor crops are compiled through subjective methods based on input use, farmer s interviews and assessment make by the field staff. Crop estimates indicating area and production of all major and minor crops are released according to crop forecast calendar designed in conformity with the requirement of the Federal Government. The Crop Reporting Service is also working in GIS & RS technology with the collaboration of Kharif Crops Situation Fertilizer consumption in Kharif Irrigation water supply month wise canal withdrawal (Kharif) 9 FAO, SUPARCO. The other collaborating partner are. Agriculture Extension Agriculture Policy Institute, Islamabad Pakistan Bureau of Statistics National Food Security & Research Bureau of Statistics Punjab Revenue Department Punjab Agriculture Marketing 10 Average maximum & minimum Temperature & Rainfall for the Month of April, Whether summary for the month of April, Normally expected weather during May, Directorate of Agriculture Crop Reporting Service, Punjab, Lahore Ph: , Web: crs.agripunjab.gov.pk, dacrspunjab@hotmail.com Designed By: AM. Abrar Tarbela and Mangla dame water inflow and outflow May, 2015 CROP BULLETIN

2 CRS CROP BULLETIN CROPS SITUATION APRIL,2015 SUMMARY The harvesting of wheat crop in the Punjab starts from south and progress towards north as the season warm-up. Rains in the month of April have negative impact on wheat crop as strong winds during rains cause lodging of wheat crops in areas in the Punjab particularly in Gujranwala Division. The harvesting of wheat crop in the Punjab 50 % has been completed at the end of April. The objective yield estimation survey (crop cutting results) is in progress. The statistical techniques used on objective yield estimation survey, (60 % results) indicates that average yield in rainfed area is increased as compared to last year whereas in irrigated area has decreasing trend considerably. It is due to heavy rains with wind storm, hailstorm in the months of March & April and lodging. The fluctuation of temperature also caused the shriveled of grain. The Punjab Food Department and PASSCO arranged procurement plan for wheat The target of Food Department Tonnes and PASSCO Tonnes in the Punjab. Source: CRS,GLAM Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) April, 2015 However, factual position will be clear after the completion of yield estimation survey (crop cut results) in the Punjab and reconciliation of area of wheat crop with revenue department through Bureau of Statistics (BOS). The average harvest price of wheat has been reported as Rs.1150 to 1250 per 40 kg. The gram crop was sown at area of acres. The growth of crop remained satisfactory, but in the 2 nd fortnight of March and 1 st fortnight of April,windstorm, low temperature,blight attack and excessive rains affected the crop. The production of gram crop is less than expected. Satellite data of end of April shows that NDVI values are low and The NDWI images in the month of April show the above normal water induction as compared to last year. The federal committee on Agriculture sets the kharif crops targets for Cotton acres, production 10.5 Million Bales. Rice acres, production Tonnes. Sugarcane acres, production Tonnes. 1

3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANDHOLING SIZE AND YIELD OBTAINED The graph shows the comparative view of land holding size with the average yield of wheat crop for the year The graph shows that majority of farmers (33 %) having land holding upto 5 acres or 6-10 acres (28% ) and Acres (16 %) and Acres ( 6 %) obtained yield ranges from (30.29 to Mds/Acres). Only 10 % farmers having landholding size ranging from (26-50 acres), ( acres) and more than 100 acres obtained yield 33.58,32.04 and respectively. 2

4 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Crop Growth Profile at Divisional Level April,2015 3

5 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Crop Growth Profile at Divisional Level April,2015 Rawalpindi Division Sargodha Division 4

6 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Crop Growth Gujranwala Division Profile at Divisional Level April,2015 Lahore Division 5

7 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Crop Growth Faisalabad Division Profile at Divisional Level April,2015 Multan Division 6

8 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Crop Growth D.G.Khan Division Profile at Divisional Level April,2015 Bahawal Division 7

9 KHARIF CROPS SITUATION COTTON The sowing of the cotton crop is in progress. The pace of sowing is slow during the fortnight due to harvesting of Wheat crop. SUGARCANE The sowing of sugarcane is in progress with good germination and about 95% sowing has been completed. The growth of the crop is reported/observed satisfactory. Weather is favorable for crop so far. RICE Transplantation of rice nursery has not started so far. MAIZE (SPRING) The sowing of the crop has been completed. The germination and growth of the crop is reported/observed normal. Sowing of maize (autumn) is not started. MOONG The sowing of the crop has started. MASH The sowing of Mash crop is not yet started. Source 8

10 Fertilizer Fertilizers do not only assist in increasing yields and promoting healthy growth of plants but also in their development. They contain nitrogen which acts as a growth booster which can be characterized by the green color of plants. Phosphorus substance in fertilizers aids in the faster formation of seeds and root development. The availability of Nitrogen and Phosphate fertilizers remains normal in the month of April Source: NDFC, AE&AR Irrigation Water Supply Situation Timely availability of water greatly influences the crop production and yields. In order to meet the agricultural needs, adequate and timely availability of water is an essential prerequisite. The canal water supply during April 2015 is MAF as compared to last year MAF shows a decrease of 16.2 %. Source: Pb Irrigation Dpt. 9

11 WATER INFLOW, OUTFLOW AND LEVEL OF TARBELA AND MANGLA DAMS ARE SHOWN BELOW. Source: Pb Irrigation Dpt. Source: Pb Irrigation Dpt. 10

12 Agro-Met Conditions: April, 2015 Source: CRS 11

13 Agro-Met Conditions April, 2015 Source: CRS 12

14 Agro-Met Conditions April 2015 Source: CRS 13

15 WEATHER SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL, 2015 Winter rains generally continue from December to March in Pakistan. April and May are comparatively drier months in the pre-monsoon period. During this April satisfactory rainfall reported in the agricultural plains of the country. Above normal precipitation was reported in most of the agricultural plains of KPK, Potohar region, parts of central/southern Punjab, Rohri in upper Sindh, Quetta valley in Balochistan and Skardu in GB region. Whreas below normal precipitation observed in different parts of central/southern Punjab, lower Sindh and Gilgit in GB. Heavy rain spell along with wind storm also reported during the last week of April in Peshawar and its surrounding areas of KPK, which badly damaged standing crops and orchards beside human and cattle casualties. Overall in the country, highest amount of rainfall was reported mm at Murree, followed by mm at Rawalakot, at Kotli, mm at Parachinar, mm at Kakul, at Balakot and mm at Muzaffarabad. Number of rainy days recorded in the most of the agricultural planes ranged from 01 to 17 days. The maximum number of rainy days in the country was observed 17 days at Rawalakot, followed by 13 days at Murree, 12 days at Kotli and 11 days at Muzaffarabad. The evaporative demand of the atmosphere represented by reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) remained normal to below normal in most of the agricultural planes of the country except Khanpur in southern Punjab, GB region and Rohri in upper Sindh where it remained above normal. The mean daily Relative Humidity (R.H) showed mixed trend in the country. It remained normal to above normal in most of the agriculture plains in upper half and observed mostly below normal in lower half and GB region. Maximum value of mean Relative humidity was observed 60% at Sargodha and Peshawar followed by 59% at Rawalpindi, 57% at Jhelum and 54% at D.I.Khan. The minimum value was observed 29% at Quetta and 35% at Rohri. Maximum numbers of days with mean R.H greater or equal to 80% was observed 2 days at Peshawar, D.I.Khan, Rawalpindi and Jhelum and 1 day at Sargodha, Khanpur and Skardu. From overall analysis, it is evident that satisfactory rains were received in most of the agricultural planes of the country during the month.overall good rains were received during this Rabi season which not only put positive impact on the standing crops but has also provided sufficient moisture for the upcoming crops at initial stages. But at the mean time expected heat waves with dust storms in this stage of premonsoon period may produce some moisture stress, especially in the rainfed areas in the lower half plains of the country. Temperature Regime during April, 2015 Temperature plays vital role in the growth and development of crops. Thermal regime showed mostly normal trend in the agricultural planes of the country during the month. Mean daily temperature remained normal in most of the agricultural planes of the country in upper half and observed normal to above normal (by 1-2 C) at lower half of the country. Mean daily temperature ranged C in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23 to 25 C in Potohar plateau, in remaining parts of Punjab it ranged C, in Sindh it ranged C, in Gilgit Baltistan region it ranged 13 to 18 C and was observed 19 C in Quetta valley. The day time temperature represented by mean maximum remained normal to above normal by 1 to 3 C in most of the agricultural planes of the country. The highest maximum temperature was recorded 48 C at Larkana. Maximum number of stress days with minimum temperature less than or equal to 0 C was observed nil in agricultural planes due to seasonal rise in temperature. Number of stress days with maximum temperature greater or equal to 40 C and R.H. less than or equal to 30% was observed for 07days at Multan 05 days at Khanpur and 03 days at Faisalabad. 14

16 WEATHER SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL, 2015 Source:PMD 15

17 NORMALLY EXPECTED WEATHER DURING MAY, 2015 According to long term average, precipitation over Potohar plateau and upper Khyber Pakhtunkhawa ranges between 25 mm and 40 mm, Central Punjab and Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhawa 10 mm to 25 mm and rest of the agricultural plains of the country less than 10 mm. The evaporative demand of the atmosphere during May would shoot up as compared to April due to drier and hotter crop atmosphere. It is expected to range between 6 mm/day and 8 mm/day throughout the country. The mean daily air temperature may range between lains C in of most the of the country. In high agriculture plains of Balochistan it may be close to 25 C. M between 35 to 40 C ove in most of the Sindh plains and central Punjab. In Quetta valley it would be close to 30 C. Mean min temperature is expected to remain close to 25 C in would be between 20 to 25 C ral Punjab over the and agricultural adjoining areas plains of of Sindh. cent In Quetta valley it may remain around 12 C. Moderat elevation agricultural areas of the country. Duration of bright sunshine hours may increase considerably all over the country due to clear sky and higher solar angle. The duration may increase to hrs/day. Direction of wind would be northwest to north with 6 km/hour speed over the plains of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The intensity of solar radiation may range from 21 MJ/M²/day to 24 MJ/M²/day over most of the agricultural plains of the country. 16

18 NORMALLY EXPECTED WEATHER DURING MAY,