COMMUNITY-BASED ACTION PLAN TO ADAPT WITH CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITION IN BINH GIANG COMMUNE, HON DAT DISTRICT, KIEN GIANG PROVINCE

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1 Climate Change risk and vulnerability assessments in Kien Giang Province, Mekong Delta, Viet Nam COMMUNITY-BASED ACTION PLAN TO ADAPT WITH CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITION IN BINH GIANG COMMUNE, HON DAT DISTRICT, KIEN GIANG PROVINCE SOUTHERN INSTITUTE OF WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 28 HAM TU STREET DISTRICT 5 HO CHI MINH CITY

2 CONTENT Overview of Binh Giang commune Community awareness about CC&SLR Community awareness about possible impacts Assistance needs for community Perception of trends to adapt with CC&SLR Community-based action plan to adapt with CC&SLR Prioritized activities

3 OVERVIEW OF BINH GIANG COMMUNE Area : 16,337 ha Population : 15,166 people Total household : 3,660 house 90% rely on agriculture Total poor household : 421 house (1,637 people)

4 NATURAL CONDITIONS Topography: lowland, elevation ranger from m Geology: weak ground soil, inundated during flood season Soil condition: acid and saline soils Present landuse: 2 rice crops and rice combines with aquaculture Average sunshine hours: 2400 hours/year, 7 hours/day. Average temperature: C, haven t got directly typhoon. Average rainfall: mm, max: 2635 mm/year, 160 rainy days (rainy season from June-Nov).

5 HYDROLOGY Hydrological regime: affected by the diurnal tide of Tay sea(thailand Gulf) and the hydrological regime of Hau river. Dry season: lack of fresh water from Hau river (Feb-Apr), severely salinity intrusion. Rainy season: annual flooding(later of Aug-Oct); flood depth: 1-1.5m in Northern area of NR80; other area: under 0.6m; during the major 2000 flood, flood depth: 0.7 to 0.9m.

6 Flooding in Mekong river delta Annual flood Duration Flood depth Frequency of major flood 1/3 years 5-6 months 0-4 m

7 OVERVIEW OF BINH GIANG COMMUNE Residential land: ha, avg m 2 /person W.Supply:70% household use surface water Economic structure: Agriculture-Forestry&Fishery-handy craft- service; Agriculture > 80%; Shifted from agro-forestry to Agriculture-Fishery-Forestry. Forest land: ha (protective forest: ha). In 2010, remain 1780ha. Aquaculture area: ha 2187ha 90 fishing boats (14 big boats with total capacity 1005CV and 112 workers); 350 tons/year

8 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION No. Crop Unit Rice of a year Winter- Spring rice Summer- Autumn rice Area ha Capacity quintal/ha 45,86 47,70 43,42 51,15 Yield ton Area ha Capacity quintal/ha 51,32 54,06 53,50 65,0 Yield ton Area ha Capacity quintal/ha 40,00 39,27 30,46 45,0 Yield ton

9 SOIL MAP LAND SUITABILITY MAP

10 LANDUSE STATUS IN 2005 & LANDUSE PLANNING 2015

11 Field surveying and interviewing

12 Historical hydrological information in Binh Giang 2000 flood was historical high flood, caused a large flooded area; but inundated house only; minor damages was recorded (crop harvested before the flood). After 2000, floods were considered as small and average. Sunshine (heavy), temperature(high & low) and rainfall (pattern and density): unusual and return more often; Drought, salinity intrusion, acid water affect to agriculture cultivation. No direct typhoon attacks to the area, less affected by typhoons; storms cause some damage to crop and temporary house. Decreasing trend of silt deposit.

13 MAN MADE CHANGE FOR WATER RESOURCE CONDITION Before 1996, there was no flood control system and salinity intrusion prevention sluice gates: only 1 main rice crop/year. Salinity intrusion, acid water and drought caused significant impacts. From 1996 to 2000, flood control system was implemented. T5, T6 and 8000 canals made much improvement of water resources and soil condition, however a late flood arrival. To 2005, basically complete salinity prevention system, 2 rice crops/year started and expanded. From 2006 until now, 2 rice crops/year expand to over ha. However, there are still a problem of salinity intrusion related to operation of sluice, cultivation, drought condition.

14 COMMUNITY AWARENESS ABOUT CC&SLR Knowledge: limited awareness about CC&SLR (variation of floods, drought, temperature)- most thinking that a decreasing trend of flood. Most people are un-awareness of SLR as well as its possible impacts Awareness for possible impacts of CC&SLR to themselves is unclear (salinity intrusion, drought) Main source of information: self-aware; from others, only a few has approach to official source Received information about CC&SLR were not official, may cause misunderstanding about CC&SLR (flood, rainfall, temp., SLR)

15 AWARENESS ABOUT POSSIBLE IMPACTS Flood: Subjective thinking about flood (decreasing trend of flood) Temperature changes: increase, affect to children and elderly. Insects and diseases: increase. Water resources: passive in prevention of salinity intrusion (sluices gates were operated by provincial authority)

16 ASSISTANCE NEEDS FOR COMMUNITY Information supply: flood, salinity intrusion forecasting; operation schedule of sluice gates. Poverty Reduction: fund, career education, land Agricultural support: new variety, technique, marketing and price control. Insect, disease management: technique, training, new breed, pesticides. Other support: fund, career shifting, technology hand over Infrastructures: canals excavation, concrete roads, sea dyke and water supply

17 PERCEPTION OF TRENDS TO ADAPT CC&SLR 2 rice crops/year model Conversion: aquaculture rice, rice combines aquaculture Shifting crop calendar Agricultural cultivated technique (land preparation, fertilizer ) Aquaculture: reduce the size and non-intensive Consolidated and concreted roads Consolidated house Non-agriculturalized (change career) Accruement of land

18 EXISTING PROBLEMS Passive on operation of sluice gates (within commune area and adjacent communes) Landuse planning in the south of road N-80 and adjacent communes Waste water and solid waste come from breeding households disposes to canal water Solid waste from agriculture (floating pesticide bottles and plastic bags, fertilizer bags)

19 Scoping the adaptation strategy/project Climate Change Adaptation planning Steps Stakeholder engagement and capacity building Exposure Vulnerability assessment Potential impacts Sensitivity Vulnerability Adaptive capacity Identification of adaptation options and development of adaptation strategy Monitoring and evaluation of adaptation implementation Implementation of adaptation options

20 REQUIREMENTS Suitable for present local condition (realizable, feasible). Prioritize for enhancement of adaptation capacity, especially for community-based measures and activity to solve existing problem. Pre-preparation for unexpected events (aquatic disease, bird-flu ). Raise awareness for CC&SLR, capacity building to adapt with CC&SLR. Sustainable development in conformity with natural condition. Taken into account the assistance needs, solve existing problems and perception trends

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22 Risk map

23 Vulnerability assessment Sea level rises (0.65m-1m): difficult to drain (inundation); increase coastal erosion salinization of groundwater and rising of groundwater table: salinization at coastal area high groundwater table, unusual drought phenomenon: problem of acid sulphate soils and acid water condition. Increase salinity intrusion Abnormal flood: lack of preparation, high risks (people believe that floods smaller) Drought, salinity intrusion and hydrological information become un-predictable;

24 Vulnerability assessment Abnormal rainfall and SLR: increase inundation area Abnormal of high temperature and distributed rainfall: unfavorable agricultural cultivation. increases investment cost (fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation and drainage) insects and diseases increase: effect to agriculture and aquaculture Rural water supply: salty contamination, acid water Infrastructure: roads, irrigation system (flood level, operation conditions, stability) Hazard: fire and fire of forest may increase

25 Factors Vulnerability assessment Areas Fields Object Rising temperature Village Agriculture and food security; Maritime products; Natural ecosystem, Biodiversity; Water resources; Energy; Community health Poor families; ethnic; elder; children, patient and woman. Flooding Inundated by SLR and rainfall change Hamlet: Channel 9, Eight thousand, Channel 4 All hamlets in village Agriculture and food security; Fishery; Natural ecosystem, Biodiversity; Water resources; Energy; Community health; Service; Water supply; drainage; Residence Poor families; farmers (agri&fishery); ethnic; elder, children, woman. Drought in dry season All hamlets in village Agriculture and food security; Water resources; Water supply; Waterway; Health and living Farmers; ethnic; poor, woman and children Salinity intrusion Hamlets: Eight thousand, Channel 4, Giong Ke, Ranh Hat Water resources; Water supply; Agricultural and food security; Community health farmers; ethnic; poor Erosion, silt deposit Coastal area; Irrigation canal and drainage canal Residence; Transport traffic; Water resources; Technical infrastructure; Health and living; Maritime products Who live in riverside, littoral; Short of manpower family

26 Some pictures

27 Effect to the poor household

28 Some pictures

29 Community-based action plans Non-construction measures Rising the awareness to community Measures related to management and planning Improvement of information supply Related measures to stabilize agriculture cultivation (technical, shifting crops, varieties ) Livelihood Social activities

30 Rising the awareness to community Enhance community awareness to cope with climate change Enhance awareness for solid waste disposal (agriculture and breeding and aqua cultivation) Determining the impact of climate change to areas, different sectors and different fields and vulnerability groups. Strengthen public health services; prevention and disease control.

31 Management and planning Achieve lesson learnt in pests and disease control Paid attention to existing problem: landuse planning, operation of sluice gates Well preparation for proposed implementation plans Capacity building. Mainstreaming climate change into existing programs and plans (irrigation, transport, residential, agriculture, fisheries) Promulgate policies to support climate change activities

32 Information supply Coordinating with other agencies and departments to provide forecasting information about floods, salinity intrusion and drought then inform to farmers To enhance the provision of information on operation of sluice gates, salinity intrusion status, annual/seasonal crop schedule Information on pest and epidemic diseases and management of disease and related measures...

33 Agriculture Adjust the crop calendar based on weather, hydrological condition of season Suitable varieties: can stand the acidic, saline and drought condition To manage and to supply concrete guidance: sowing date, using fertilizer, training about new varieties, farming techniques, disease prevention Strengthening agricultural training, practice IPM, pilot study Assisting hamlet to make agreement for crop calendar, landuse and irrigation schedule (where have the same natural conditions or conflict in landuse and water use) Training and practice to manage/control the shrimp disease at specific area

34 Livelihood support to poor Livelihood Promote effective models that adapting to the environment. 2 rice crops model is rather stable in Binh Giang Aquaculture model is unstable: inadequate infrastructure, so, need to separate salt aqua cultivation with fresh water cultivation Introduce other models to people.

35 Social activities More care in public health service and education, health insurance for the elderly and children, facilities conditions, drinking water in schools Concentrated to the poor: poverty reduction program, supporting with loans, technology, lands Promote farmers to help each other with a proper assistance from youth associations, women and peasant association Land preparation, using fertilizer, seed, crop calendar Aqua cultural cultivation techniques, treatment of shrimp ponds, water treatment tank, water quality management, density, care Other techniques for dry crops, mushrooms... Recognizing and preventing epidemic diseases for rice and aquaculture...

36 Construction measure: at commune level Upgrading roads, schools, domestic water supply; and solid waste treatment Dredging tertiary irrigation system (the request of residents) Separate aquaculture cultivation area and agriculture area North and south of Dondong canal Proactive measures for irrigation and drainage to ensure good conditions for cultivation Management, protection and extension of coastal forest area

37 Construction measure: integrated with higher level To upgrade sea dikes and coast line erosion prevention Upgrading the irrigation system and sluice gates and operation schedule Landuse planning and addition construction to support the plan

38 Prioritize activity 1) Provides appropriate information 2) Treatment of solid waste from agriculture (collecting, treating, manage of : pesticide bottles, fertilizer bags..) 3) Treatment of waste from breeding households: Introduce biogas model and technology transfer 4) Improvement of landuse planning procedure: landuse planning should have public participation; 5) Separate aquaculture cultivation and agriculture cultivation area 6) Agricultural training should integrate with the specific activities (practice with new varieties; implement pilot study) 7) Domestic water supply system

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