Implementation of Wireless Sensor Network for Real Time Monitoring and controlling of Agriculture Parameter

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1 Implementation of Wireless Sensor Network for Real Time Monitoring and controlling of Agriculture Parameter Nikhil S Naik 1, Prof.R.J.Shelke 2 P.G. Student, Department of Electronics Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur, India 1 Associate Professor, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur, India 2 Abstract In a past few decades, there is rapid growth in technology of monitoring agricultural parameters in order to improve the farm field. Various agricultural parameters like light, soil moisture, temperature, and humidity etc. are monitored and controlled by monitoring and controlling units. This project probes into the design of the automated irrigation system based on microcontroller. This Embedded project is to design and develop a low cost feature which is based on embedded platform for water irrigation system. Optimum use of water is main objective of this irrigation system to reduce water consumption. This project uses temperature, humidity and soil moisture sensors to detect the water quantity present in agriculture. Aim of this embedded project is to monitor status of the sensors on remote PC through a window application. Here soil moisture sensors can be monitored on window application through micro controller. Soil moisture is controlled by window application activating ON/OFF status of the motor. Keywords Automation, Zigbee, Irrigation system, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). I. INTRODUCTION Monitoring and control of agriculture environment play a significant role in agriculture production and management. To monitor the Agriculture environment parameters effectively, it is necessary to design a control system. Here controlling process takes place effectively by automatic manner. For monitor and control purpose, wireless network is used, which will send status of agriculture environment to central station. There we can control the activities through PC and send to controller back which is in agriculture environment. There it will activate the actuator according to our wish. The main objective is to design a simple, easy to install, Microcontroller-based circuit to monitor and record the values of temperature, humidity, soil moisture, rain measurement and sunlight of the natural environment that are continuously modified and controlled in order optimize them to achieve maximum plant growth and yield. Microcontroller communicates with the a variety of sensor modules in order to control the soil moisture and temperature, humidity efficiently in a agriculture area by actuating a dripper and water pump respectively according to the necessary condition of the crops. The automated irrigation system is feasible and cost effective for optimizing water resources for agricultural production. Using the automated irrigation system we can prove that the use of water can be reduced for different agricultural production. The irrigation system provide only required amount of water to crop. This automated irrigation system allows it to be scaled up for larger greenhouses or open fields. An automated irrigation system was developed to optimize water use for agricultural crops. The system has a distributed wireless network of soil moisture and temperature sensors placed in the root zone of the plants and water level sensor is placed in tank for checking the water level in tank. In addition, a gateway unit handles sensor information, triggers actuators, and transmits data to a web application. An algorithm was developed with threshold values of temperature, soil moisture and water level that was programmed into a microcontroller based gateway to control water quantity. II. RELEATED WORK Various commercial WSNs exist, ranging from limited and low-resolution devices with sensors and embedded processors to complete and expensive acquisition systems that support diverse sensors and include several communication features. Recent advances in microelectronics and wireless technologies created low-cost and low-power components, which are important issues especially for such systems such as WSN. Power management has been addressed in both hardware and software with new electronic designs and operation techniques. The selection of a microprocessor becomes important in power aware design. Modern CMOS and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technologies allowed manufacturers to produce on average every three years a enhance generation of circuits by integrating sensors, signal conditioning, signal processing, digital output options, Communications, and power supply units.for example, the parallel combination of a ISSN: Page 116

2 battery and a supercapacitor has been used to extend the runtime of low-power wireless sensor nodes. In this paper, the development of the deployment of an automated irrigation system based on microcontrollers and Wireless communication at experimental scale within rural areas is presented. The aim of the implementation was to demonstrate that the automatic irrigation can be used to reduce water use. The implementation is a battery powered automated irrigation system that consists of a distributed wireless network of soil moisture and temperature sensors deployed in plant root zones. Each sensor node involved a soil-moisture probe, a temperature and humidity in air, a microcontroller for data acquisition, and a radio transceiver; the sensor measurements are transmitted to a microcontroller-based receiver. This gateway permits the automated activation of irrigation when the threshold values of soil moisture and temperature are reached. Communication between the sensor nodes and the data receiver is via the ZigBee protocol, under the IEEE WPAN. III. PROPOSED WORK The system model consists of sensors, microcontroller, interface such as relay and actuators. Actuators such dripper and water pump are used. Our proposed system aim is to design a microcontroller-based circuit to monitor and record the values of temperature, humidity, soil moisture level and sunlight of the natural environment that are continuously modified and it is get controlled in order optimize them to achieve maximum plant growth and yield. This section explains these design specifications and its requirements in detail. A. Sensor node module design Sensor nodes mostly make up of microcontroller module, wireless communication module, sensor module and energy supply module. Its structure is shown in Fig.1. Sensor module is in charge of information collection and data conversion in monitoring area, according to the application requirements, it can select temperature sensor, humidity sensor, soil moisture Wireless communication module is responsible for wireless communication, exchanging control information and transceiver acquisition data between this node and other nodes. Figure 1: Sensor Station B. Sink node module design Sink node mainly complete the sensor nodes data gathering and fusion within communication network, and realize ascending and descending communication protocol conversion. It released monitoring task of management nodes, and the data collected is forwarded to the external network through a serial port. Its structure is shown in Fig.2. It consists of microcontroller, relay module, node communication module. Figure 2: Sink node station IV. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION This project is split into two major goals. The first is to build hardware for the sensor nodes and base station gateway. The second goal is to develop some software for basic environmental parameters monitoring and control, which will display the current status of the environmental parameters in the experimenting field and allow for the control of the environmental parameters according to user specified threshold level. Also it will allow user to have access to the database file which store all the sensed values of parameters while system is ON. Following gives a view of the major components in the system design. The sensor node requires sensors to sense the environmental parameters, and XBee module for wireless communication. The base station GATEWAY requires XBee module for wireless communication and GUI based software on PC interfaced with controller. The remainder of this chapter will discuss the areas of engineering knowledge that need to be applied to this design, and the particular aspects with ISSN: Page 117

3 which we will be concerned. The user can set the threshold level for all the parameters to be monitoring. The GATEWAY monitor the agriculture parameter, this procedure is graphically shown in figure.4. Figure 6 SENSOR STATION. Figure 4 The GATEWAY also control the water supply, this procedure is graphically shown in figure.5. Figure 7 BASE STATION (GATEWAY) Figure 5 In this project, one is able to see the result of deployed WSN on windows application. The windows application shows the node data water pump status. This application have both monitoring and controlling capability when it detect soil is dry it quickly turn on motor and vice versa.as data receives it store real-time data to SQL Server. The application is based on C#.NET and database structured in MS-SQL Server 2008.figure 8 shows the designed interface. V. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP We have used DHT11 temperature & humidity sensor, soil moisture sensor with atmega328 microcontroller (ARUDINO),XBEE S2 (zigbee) for sensor station where as at GATEWAY we deploy the atmega2560 microcontroller with XBEE S2 (zigbee) and relay module for controlling purpose. Figure 8 Designed interface ISSN: Page 118

4 VI. RESULT ANALYSIS In comparison with manual soil property monitoring and whether monitoring in greenhouse, an advance wireless sensor network provides better real time humidity and soil moisture readings collection and is the foundation for water saving agricultural application. In this project, we proposed realdeployment of WSN based agricultural monitoring which is designed and implemented to realize modern precision agriculture. End Users can tailor the operation to a variety of experimental setups, which will allow farmers to reliably collect data from locations previously inaccessible on a micromeasurement scale. Such a system can be easily installed and maintained. Figure 9 The above figure 9 shows the line graph of Temperature Vs Time Vs Humidity Values from node starts. In above graph shows the average temperature and humidity value at different location. At one locations Humidity is nearly equals to 58% and at other location it is equals to 60% to 63%.and temperature is constant. Condition Soil Moisture Motor Status 1 Dry ON 2 Wet OFF Table 1 The above table shows the water pump status. When soil moisture is Dry it turn on the water pump while when soil moisture is Wet it turn off the water. VII. ADVANTAGES & APPLICATION The data collection, monitoring and materials application to the crops allows for higher yields and lower cost, with less impact to the environment. Each area receives only what is required for its particular space, and at the appropriate time and duration. Remote monitoring is possible from field to farmer s home. Continuous surveillance is done through monitoring section. low power consumption and easy to install. Intelligent agricultural and environmental sensing is the most important application. Precision agriculture is one of the most promising application domains where wireless sensor networks may deliver a feasible or even optimal solution. It concentrates on monitoring micro-climates in field. It has been instrumented a field with sensor nodes equipped with sensors for measuring air temperature, relative humidity and soil moisture. VIII. CONCLUSION This project finds application in domestic agricultural field. This system allows cultivation in places with water scarcity thereby improving sustainability. Besides the monetary savings in water use, the importance of the preservation of this natural resource justify the use of this kind of irrigation systems. This can also be used to ensure faithful irrigation of farm field in civilian domain, as well as for horticulture and floriculture areas, since we have the option of finding out moisture level of soil in a particular area. The automated irrigation system implemented was found to be feasible and cost effective for optimizing water resources for agricultural production IX. FUTURESCOPE System can be modified by addition of few more useful functions like online monitoring that can be accessed via internet. Complete database can be made available for user on the internet. Currently the control action is limited only around the set threshold, but using additional algorithm we can provide more advanced control schemes for predicting the future values based on the past and current values REFERENCES [1] Real time Monitoring and Control System for Green House Based On Wireless Sensor Network by JaypalBaviskar, Afshan Mull 2014 Fourth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies. [2] Design of Wireless Sensor Network-Based Greenhouse Environment Monitoring and Automatic Control System by Yongxian Song, Juanli Ma JOURNAL OF NETWORKS. [3] Greenhouse Management Using Embedded System and Zigbee Technology by S.Thenmozhi, M.M.Dhivya International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering. [4] Application of Wireless Sensor Network For Greenhouse Parameter Control In Precision Agriculture by D.D.Chaudhary, S.P.Nayse International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 3, No. 1, February 2011 [5] Impacts of climate change on Indian Agriculture by ICAR [6] A Real-Time Service-Oriented Architecture for Industrial Automation by TommasoCucinotta, Antonio Mancina IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS, VOL. 5, NO. 3, AUGUST 2009 [7] Bakker, J.C., Greenhouse climate control: an integrated approach, ed. J.C. Bakker. 1995, WageningenWageningen Pers. [8] Mastalerz, J.W., The greenhouse environment : the effect of environmental factors on the growth and development flower crops. 1977, New York: Wiley. [9] Nelson, P.V., Greenhouse operation and management. 6 ed. 2003, Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. ISSN: Page 119

5 [10] Hopkins, W.G., Plant development. 2006: Chelsea House Publishers,pp 151. [11] Ortho, LASTOrtho, and 0. Books, All about Greenhouses. 2001: John Wiley & Sons. [12] How Light Affects The Growth Of A Plant & Problems With Too Little Light [cited /10]; Available from: light-affectsthe-grow-th-of-a-plant-problems-with-too- little-light.htm. [13] Katemopoulos, M. the History of the Greenhouse [cited /9]; Available from: ISSN: Page 120