MRA2- Seed Quality Social Science Research Support Education and Training in Tropical Soy

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1 Kristin Bilyeu: USDA-ARS Kerry Clark: University of Missouri MRA2- Seed Quality Social Science Research Support Education and Training in Tropical Soy

2 MRA2 focus on farmer impactsappropriate technology for household food security

3 MRA2 linking other MRAs MRA2 Grain and Seed Quality FARMER IMPACTS Plant Breeding and Germplasm Production and Agronomy Plant Breeder Education Utilization for Human Nutrition Utilization for Livestock Nutrition Gender Impacts Economic Impacts Environmental Impacts Seed Systems

4 To improve yield and pest resistance, breeders need access to world s germplasm collections Soybean is out of its native element in the tropics and behaves strangely Sets of genes interact to make soybean adapted/nonadapted to tropics: determinance, maturity, long juvenile The interactions of these genes is an unknown frontier in soybean research

5 Understanding molecular genetics of soybean adaptation to tropical environments (PhD student) Population A1: Jake (MG V) x Paranagoiana MG? A2: Jake x PI (MG VIII) B1: X97 (MG III) x PI B2: X97 x Jenguma (SARI-Ghana) Testing Genes Long juvenile J/j Major maturity E1/e1-as; Indeterminate/determinate Dt1/dt1; J/j? C1: KB13:33 [X97 x EC MG0 Long juvenile] C2: KB13:34 [Tofu x EC MG0 Long juvenile] E1/e1-as; E2/e2, E3/e3, E4/e4, Dt1/dt1, J/j All Populations Total: 231 Lines 1% 0% 0% 36% 14% 16% Green:short Green: Intermediate Green:tall Senescing Mature: short Mature: Intermediate 33% Mature:tall 2016 and 2017 field trials in four Ghana locations; genotyping in US Costa Rica 11 o N, 99 days: B1 line 5222, mature tall

6 Characterizing J for African soybeans May 2017

7 Soybean contains anti-nutritional factors that affect intake, availability, or metabolism of nutrients in animals. Require cooking/heating Kunitz trypsin inhibitors significantly reduce the digestibility and utilization of amino acids. Lectins are not broken down in the gut, attach to mucosa cells damaging the intestinal wall and reducing the absorption of nutrients.

8 Low Processing Jenguma line developed with backcrossing and molecular markers Backcross breeding: [Jenguma x Jenguma x (X x Jenguma)] Perfect marker selection for heterozygous Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor (KTI3) and Lectin (Le) each generation Currently yield testing (2 locations) in Ghana Costa Rica 11 o N 75 cm Jenguma (low processing) Jenguma

9 This trait has no distinguishing characteristics from regular soybean so must be grown as identity preserved Closed loop system between growers and poultry industry-grown under contracts Possible construction of small scale, female-driven poultry systems where feed can be grown and processed in village

10 Social Science Research Support Original Goal- support social science research by providing soybean success kits to 2 of 3 survey villages 2400 kits distributed in Ghana 2400 kits distributed in Mozambique Kits are now being scaled up by SIL, IFDC and CRS SIL will provide training and quality control

11 Expanded goals Increased sphere of influence of soybean around one survey village (Ghana and Mozambique) and provide technology input Survey, no soybean kit Survey, yes soybean kit Survey, yes soybean kit Does having access to harvest technology increase uptake rate of soybean acceptance and production Threshers No survey, yes kits No survey, yes kits Does having a critical mass of soybean growers in a geographic area increase uptake rate of soybean acceptance and production

12 MRA 2 Extension and Education Provide extension information to kit recipients and other community members ~ 4000 people reached in Ghana, 4000 in Mozambique Develop Extension information for distribution to ag professionals

13 Three Guides and Extension Publications distributed to MOFA agents and NGOs in Ghana and Mozambique

14 Provided Agronomic Expertise for MEDA in Upper West Trained 150 lead women farmers in Quality Seed Production who affect 10,000 female growers Collaborating with MEDA on mechanization/thresher projects

15 MRA 2- Collaboration with MRA 5- Utilization for Human Nutrition Agronomy training must be paired with utilization training Adapted MRA5 slideshow on nutrition and utilization for smallholder education in Ghana and Mozambique Need to continue collaboration to provide training of trainers within MOFA Extension, health workers, NGOs Worked with MRA 5 to plan nutrition/utilization workshops in research villages in Mozambique (600 women affected=3000 children)

16 Thresher Design Contest Three U.S. and three Ghanaian Univ. Thresher Fabrication Training- Tamale, Ghana August 1-9, Collaborating with IFDC, ACDI-VOCA, CRS, Tamale Implement Factory, RING Two year study planned on thresher utility, affect on agricultural practices and productivity Marketing a Custom Smallholder Thresher Fabrication Workshop. Two SIL trainers will do either ToT or workforce training. Extension will be made available to encourage use of harvest practices that leave residue in field to improve SOM

17 Smallholder Mechanization in Africa May 3: Webinar I: IITA and CTI threshers Archived at June 6: Webinar II: MOST and SIL July 6: Webinar III: Imara Tech and Purdue University August 2: Webinar IV: Cleber LLC, Oggún Tractor

18 Gained African licensing rights to Oggun tractor and Morrison seeder Developing training program for manufacturers and service providers Working on public-private partnerships to develop manufacturing of both in Africa (Senegal and Ethiopia) Seeking partners to field test Oggun tractor in African environmental conditions