Perennial Forage Breeding: Current Progress & Future Perspectives
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1 Perennial Forage Breeding: Current Progress & Future Perspectives Bill Biligetu and Bruce Coulman University of Saskatchewan Jan
2 Current progress Outline - Forage research programs - Success stories in variety development Future perspectives - Focus on U of Saskatchewan forage breeding program Current projects
3 Perennial forage crop in Canada 33.8 million acres or 39% of the total crop land in Canada Approximately 80% of Canada s beef production depends on forages as the main feed source Ecological goods and services ( soil conservation, erosion control, carbon sequestration) grasses alfalfa cicer-milkvetch sainfoin clover
4 Forage breeding in Canada Lethbridge Dr. Surya Acharya: alfalfa, sainfoin, perennial rye, native grasses Drs. Bruce Coulman/ Bill Biligetu: many grasses/ alfalfa/sainfoin Saskatoon Dr. Mike Schellenberg: native plant breeding Dr. Annie Claessens: Alfalfa, Timothy, Smooth and meadow bromes Quebec city Dr. Yousef Papadopoulos: Red clover, alfalfa, Birdsfoot trefoil, meadow brome Truro
5 Forage breeding in Canada Public breeding programs (mainly AAFC) in Canada USDA (public) and mainly private companies in US (alfalfa) Multiple species Many grasses legumes
6 Other forage programs Western beef development centre (WBDC) Drs. Paul Jefferson/Bart Lardner Lanigan, SK forage agronomy and management/ Grazing trial AAFC- Swift Current, SK Drs. Mike Schellenberg/ Alan Iwaasa Native plant establishment/grazing trial/agronomy AAFC Lacombe, AB Dr. Vern Baron: forage physiology/swath grazing/cereal U of Manitoba: Dr. Emma McGeough: forage based beef production
7 Achievement: a few examples Hybrid bromegrass breeding ( ) Most important forage grass in western Canada Breeding goal: rapid regrowth + high hay yield X = Meadow brome Smooth brome Hybrid brome
8 Regrowth After First Cut Smooth Hybrid Meadow B. Coulman
9 Hybrid bromegrass breeding ( ) (con t) Table 1. Forage and seed yields (kg ha 1 ) in prairie regional trials conducted Species Hay yield Seed yield Carlton smooth brome Paddock meadow brome AC Knowles Hybrid Source: Coulman 2004 Canadian Journa of Plant Sci. & Saskatchewan Forage production guide Dr. Bruce Coulman AC Knowles (2000): Meadow brome like AC Success released (2003): Smooth brome like
10 Achievement: a few examples (con t) AC Goliath crested wheatgrass Released in 2001 by Dr. B. Coulman colchicine-doubled plants of the diploid cultivar Parkway + recurrent selection Table 2: Mean seed and forage yields (kg ha -1 ) of crested wheatgrass cultivars in prairie regional trials conducted Forage yield Seed yield Fairway Kirk AC Goliath Source: Coulman 2006, Canadian Journal of Plant Sci.
11 Achievement: a few examples (con t) AC Goliath crested wheatgrass Parkway (2X) AC Goliath (4X) (Source: Dr. B. Coulman)
12 Achievement: a few examples (con t) Alfalfa breeding for winter hardiness in eastern Canada Dr. R. Michaud & team Good track record of improvement Apica ( ) AC Caribou ( ) Developed techniques for indoor screening Winter injury in alfalfa field
13 Achievement: a few examples (con t) Field performance (con t) Apica Apica -4 th cycle Evolution- 2 nd cycle Evolution Source: Castonguay et al Crop Sci.49:
14 Achievement: a few examples (con t) AC Mountainview sainfoin (2013) - Dr. Surya Acharya (AAFC-Lethbridge) - Improved regrowth / persistence in alfalfa/sainfoin mixture - Reduce pasture bloat: 30% or more sainfoin in alfalfa/sainfoin (Sottie et al Agronomy Journal) - Condensed tannin in sainfoin Nova +Grazeland Longview
15 Forage breeding: future perspectives Forage breeding program Germplasm collection fall regrowth Genetics & breeding selection crossing Regional & multiple locations trials Variety registration Commercialization variety development: 10 or more years of breeding Long term effort and commitment
16 Forage breeding: future perspectives Need long-term breeding goals: 10 years? Importance of beef and forage industry groups involvement Breeding Program as a whole
17 Forage breeding: future perspectives Improve breeding efficiency and genetic gain Molecular marker based genetic analysis Genetic relationship of five alfalfa varieties based on (Nagl et al. 2011)
18 Forage breeding: future perspectives Marker-assisted selection accelerate conventional breeding AAFC Quebec research center alfalfa cold tolerance (Castonguay et a. 2009) Wheat: Marker patterns for disease resistance susceptibility
19 Forage breeding: future perspectives Crested wheatgrass genomic project Led by Drs. Coulman and Yong-bi Fu (AAFC) Fariway- diploid type (less complicated ploidy) Genomic selection Sequence the whole genome/ phenotype data Develop a model Model predicts a Genomic Estimated Breeding Value (GEBV) Sequencing of genome (5-7Gbp size) Two times larger than Barley, and 7 times larger than soybean gemones
20 Forage breeding: future perspectives A multi-disciplinary approach Yield Nutritive value Persistence Regrowth Maturity Agronomy Crop physiology Animal nutrition Biochemistry Molecular biology
21 Current breeding projects Development of later maturing crested wheatgrass Hybrid brome: improved forage and seed yield, adaptation and regrowth Green wheatgrass: Seed yield improvement Sainfoin : Development of sainfoin cultivar with high seed & forage yield, and winter hardiness Alfalfa: development of locally adapted cultivar
22 Current and future crested wheatgrass breeding Develop later maturing cultivars later maturing without losing early green-up trait later maturing lines from Dr. Coulman s program new introductions from gene banks Wolf plant
23 Legume breeding: alfalfa Development of locally adapted alfalfa varieties Local adptation High yield/persistence/disease resistance Germplasm collection Western forage yield test data Old Canadian varieties: Beaver, rangelander 2015 growing season
24 Beef Cattle Research Council mentorship pilot program for new researchers enhance communication between new researchers with the Canadian beef industry Work with one primary mentor Mr. Aaron Ivey, Ituna, SK A few other support mentors
25 Forage program support Agriculture Development Fund, Sask. Ministry of Agriculture Beef Cattle Research Council Sask Forage Network Sask Forage Seed Development Commission Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
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