WORLD ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Transcription

1 SECTION 2 WORLD ECONOMIC ACTIVITY TEXT SUMMARY People acquire things needed to survive and luxuries they desire by earning a living. Geographers and economists classify these economic activities into four categories. Primary economic activities rely directly upon natural resources, such as THE BIG IDEA farming and mining. (See chart below.) Farming methods differ Economic activities around the world. In less prosperous countries, farmers practice are the ways people earn their living. subsistence farming. They Countries are at grow only enough for their own different stages family or village. In countries of economic with more advanced economies, development. farmers practice commercial farming. These farmers raise crops and animals to be sold for profit. When people use raw materials to produce new products, such as processing wheat into flour, they are engaging in secondary economic activities. Tertiary activities refer to service industries, such as health care. Quaternary economic activities focus on the acquisition, processing, and sharing of information, as in education. Nations establish trading networks when they do not have the resources and goods they want. The goods that are sent out of a country are called exports. The goods that are brought into a country are called imports. Economic activities and trade patterns influence a country s level of development. Modern industrial societies are considered developed countries, whereas countries with lower levels of prosperity are considered underdeveloped. Nations showing evidence of progress are considered developing. One way to measure a country s level of development is to look at the per capita gross domestic product (GDP), the total value of goods and services produced in a country within a year divided by the total population. GRAPHIC SUMMARY: Four Levels of Economic Activities LINK TO NATURAL RESOURCES EXAMPLES PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES Use natural resources directly Farming Fishing Mining Forestry Process natural resources Processing flour from wheat Making lumber from trees Producing electrical power Do not directly gather or process raw materials Doctors Salespeople Firefighters Truck drivers Economic activities can be grouped by how and if they use natural resources. Do not need to be located near resources or a market Education Government Information Processing Research REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. How does subsistence farming differ from commercial farming? 2. Diagram Skills What type of economic activity is firefighting? 16 CHAPTER 4 Guide to the Essentials Prentice-Hall, Inc.

2 Name Date Class World Economic Activity A. As You Read Directions: As you read Section 2, complete the following charts. any The new ntion emphasis on ericans made factories dur t of radio age wildly productive. ions across Comsumers reveling in nd the world modern lifestyle, floc altered the to buy many differ histor products from mixer to autom Many who w Section 2 Guided Reading and Review CHAPTER 4 Economic Activities Types Examples Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary Economic Development Type of Country Characteristics Developed Underdeveloped Developing Prentice-Hall, Inc. B. Reviewing Vocabulary Directions: Define the following terms. 8. primary economic activity 9. subsistence farming 10. commercial farming 11. secondary economic activity 12. cottage industry 13. commercial industry 14. tertiary economic activity 15. quaternary economic activity 16. export 17. import Guided Reading and Review Chapter 4 Section 2 45

3 Name CHAPTER 9 Date Regional Atlas Database Skills Comparing Economies Class As you learned in your textbook, GDP per capita is the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year, divided by the country s total population. For this reason it is a good measure to use when comparing the economies of several countries. Directions: Use the data from the Regional Atlas Database on pp in your textbook to create a bar graph showing the GDP per capita of the four Latin American countries discussed. After you have completed the bar graph, give it a title. Then answer the questions that follow based on your graph and the information in the database. Title: GDP Per Capita, in U.S. Dollars 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Mexico Cuba Brazil Honduras 1. What label(s) appears on the x-axis? 2. What label(s) appears on the y-axis? 3. What title did you select for your graph? 4. Which country has the greatest GDP per capita? 5. Which country has the lowest GDP per capita? 6. Why do you think there is such a great difference between the country with the highest GDP per capita and the two countries with the lowest GDP per capita? Prentice-Hall, Inc. 7. Would you be able to add the United States to your graph with the scale that was used? Explain. 4 Chapter 9 Database Skills

4 CHAPTER 13 Map/Graph Skills Name Date Class Analyzing a Pictograph Directions: Study the pictograph below. Then, complete the activities that follow. Selected South American Countries: Imports and Exports Argentina Chile Colombia Peru Key Imports ($1 billion) Exports ($1 billion) Venezuela Source: CIA, The World Factbook. 1. What does each symbol on the pictograph represent? 2. Which country shown has an unfavorable balance of trade, importing more than it exports? 3. How does the value of Peru s exports compare with the value of Venezuela s exports? 4. How does the value of Argentina s exports compare with the value of its imports? Prentice-Hall, Inc. Challenge: The value of Ecuador s imports in the same year was $1.6 billion and the value of its exports, $2.2 billion. The value of Uruguay s imports was $1.1 billion, while its exports totaled $1.5 billion. Add these countries to the pictograph in the spaces provided. 58 Chapter 13 Map/Graph Skills

5 Name: Class: Date: ID: A Central American and Caribbean Economics Map AND Central American Population Statistics Table (Geography Standard 1: 2010) Short Answer 1. Where does most commercial farming take place in Central America? 2. How many manufacturing centers does each country tend to have? 3. What is the major economic activity in the northernmost Caribbean islands? 4. Off which coast of Central America does most commercial fishing take place? 5. Describe where most of Central America s subsistence farming take place? 6. What is the greatest land use on the Caribbean islands? 1

6 Name: ID: A 7. What is the greatest land use in the southernmost part of Central America? Population, Wealth, and Literacy for Four Countries Costa Rica Guatemala Belize Panama Population 3,600,000 12,000, ,000 2,700,000 Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 births) Per Capita GDP* $7,100 $3,900 $2,830 $7,600 Literacy Rate 95% 56% 93% 91% Source: The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 2001; CIA World Factbook, *Gross Domestic Product in U.S. dollars 8. Which nation has the lowest literacy rate AND the highest infant mortality rate? 9. List the nations in order from lowest to highest infant mortality rate. 10. In most cases, higher literacy rates are associated with higher per capita GDP. Which country is an exception to this relationship? 11. List the nations in order from lowest to highest per capita GDP. 12. Which nation has the highest literacy rate? 2