INTERNATIONAL WATERS IN AFRICA COOPERATION AND GROWTH

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1 INTERNATIONAL WATERS IN AFRICA COOPERATION AND GROWTH April 11, 2013 Gustavo Saltiel Program Manager, CIWA A Multi-Donor Program Supporting Cooperation in International Waters in Africa

2 DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES: (1) EXTREME EVENTS High Climate Variability Drought s Floods Africa s resilience hinges on its management of water Total number of people affected annually (in thousands) Drought Exposure Flood Exposure 2 Coastal Storms/Cyclones

3 Electricity Generation (Billion Kwh) 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, MENA AFR NA LAC EAP ECA DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES: (2) ENERGY NEEDS 0 Elec consumption (kwh/yr)/capita ,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, (United States consumption kwh/yr/capita) 500 kwh/capita-year minimum consumption for reasonable quality of life Cameroon Power Outages, Days per Year, Cost more than 5% of GDP in Malawi, Uganda and South Africa, and 1-5% in Senegal, Kenya and Tanzania (Foster and Briceno-Garmendia, 2010). Nigeria Ethiopia Kenya Tanzania Uganda Burkina Faso Ghana Senegal Algeria Egypt Morocco World Average % of potential tapped Potential and actual hydropower generation in different regions 80% 70% Europe N America 60% 50% 40% 30% S America 20% 10% Africa Asia (including China) 0% Economically-feasible potential (millions of GWh/year)

4 Data Source: UN Agglomerations Population Data Dakar Lagos 15 million 8.7 million 5.6 million Cairo Khartou m Basic services need scaling up to meet the needs of fast growing populations & urbanization DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES: (3) POP. GROWTH & URBANISATION Population in 2000 Cape Town Kinshas a Dar-es- Salaam Gross Cell Product in 2005 (1995 US$, billions) WORLD BANK AFRICA Spatial Services Helpdesk Data Sources: GPWv3 (CIESIN and CIAT, 2005)

5 Africa needs growth and adaptive capacity to cope with rising temperatures, sea levels, and precipitation uncertainty. 5 DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES: (4) CLIMATE CHANGE 14 High variability in lake levels (e.g. Lake Victoria) Sea levels will rise Level above Jinja gauge (m) Year Historical Climate variability is high (e.g. temp, precipitation) Temperatures and sea levels are expected to rise with climate change Implications on future precipitation and runoff is uncertain (climate models do not agree for most basins)

6 Need for Transformative Activities to Scale The Transformative Program will address development challenges in Africa through interventions in: Irrigation and water use efficiency for agriculture Watershed management Flood and other disaster risk reduction Power production and transmision Technical capacity building and knowledge systems As many of the transformative projects involve water as a primary resource, they must be developed in a coordinated manner, so as not to foreclose future development opportunities or to impact negatively on other development. Hence, the need for a regional, basin approach.

7 What is CIWA? Cooperation of International Waters in Africa Supports cooperative management and development of transboundary river basins, lakes, and aquifers in Sub-Saharan Africa with a focus on sustainable, climate-resilient growth Incorporates lessons learned from past World Bank engagement with clients on transboundary water issues in the Nile, Niger, Zambezi, and Senegal river basins Retains program flexibility to respond to demands, needs, and opportunities specific to the context of client basins

8 CIWA s Strategic Positioning CIWA is strategically positioned to work with regional and country level organizations to map out strategies that improve resiliency and promote sustainable growth through transformative projects. Cooperation among riparians and a regional development approach has the potential for a multiplier effect CIWA s program flexibility allows for a wide variety of engagements (analytical work, institutional strengthening, investment) CIWA enables development partners harmonization in water management and development in Africa CIWA s positioning within the World Bank allows it to build upon a deep, long-standing partnership with recipient countries Moreover, CIWA intends to be a catalyzer for growth through provision of just-in-time, specific analytical work

9 Transformative Projects in Africa (1) Pwalugu Multipurpose Project (Ghana, Burkina Faso, Volta River Authority Volta Basin) Generates substantial multi-sector benefits irrigation, hydropower, fisheries, water supply, flood control to meet growing regional economic needs Lesotho Highlands Water Project Phase 2 (Lesotho, South Africa) Affirms Lesotho as the water tower of southern Africa Provides water critical for sustainable growth in South Africa s water scarce Gauteng Region; Major source of potential revenue for Lesotho Possibility to include energy production through pumped storage Africa Hydromet Program (Africa-wide) Reduces vulnerability to floods and droughts; improves resilience to climate risks Improves performance of water infrastructure b(e.g. by providing flow forecasting) Enhances regional cooperation

10 Transformative Projects in Africa (2) Rehabilitation of Lake Chad (Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon Niger Basin) Potential to imapct 22 million people in region that depend on Lake Chad s resources Rapidly diminishing Lake Chad (10% of size 40 years ago 2,500 of 25,000km 2 ) is situated in a strategic geographic area Kenya Water Security and Climate Resilience Project (Kenya Nile Basin) Improves economic livelihoods and reduces migration and social conflict Improves quality of investment planning, preparation, and decision-making for water security and climate resilience so that Government of Kenya pursues the most transformational new projects Nile Equatorial Lakes Water Resource Development (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda) Provides irrigation, hydropower, water access, land management to impoverished areas Targets watersheds of regional significance in the Nile; develops in sustainable manner

11 Supporting Cooperation through Investments in Development Rusumo Falls Hydroelectric Project 80MW run of the river hydropower plant on the Kagera River on the Tanzania-Rwanda border Flagship project for the Nile Basin first of regional investment projects prepared under NBTF Total US$430M: 340M IDA, 90M AfDB Transmission lines to Rwanda, Tanzania, Burundi Roughly 26MW to each country half of current installed capacity in Burundi, and a third of that in Rwanda! Minimum impact due to RoR design; detailed resettlement Focusing on an important investment priority has enhanced cooperation among riparians and Nile Basin governments in general