Beef Improvement New Zealand Inc.
|
|
- Primrose Nichols
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Beef Improvement New Zealand Inc. 1 Individual cow evaluation for efficiency Summary Cow and calf data from 32 -years of commercial beef s in Canterbury New Zealand was used to determine the relative efficiency of individual cows. Some of the data was from whole s and other s only recorded first calving heifers. Whole s Average scale weight of calves at weaning varied by more than 100 kgs between s (183.0 to kgs). When corrected for age and sex of calf and age of dam, the average calf rearing potential ( 200d wt ) of different s varied substantially ranging from to kgs. Average autumn cow scale weight also varied considerably with the lightest having an average weight of kgs and the heaviest kgs. Average autumn body condition score of cows in different -years varied from 3.1 to 7.7 (on a 1 to 9 scale) although there was probably considerable variation in farmer estimation of condition scores. Cow weights adjusted for body condition score (BCS) and age of cow ( BCS5MCW ) varied from 415 to 766 kgs. The average net energy requirements for maintenance and activity of cows ( Maint + ) ranged from 4,853 to 8,721 Mcal Net Energy suggesting substantial differences exist in the cost of maintaining different s. The average potential calf value (200d wt multiplied by $2.00 per kg) was related to total net energy requirement of each cow calf pair to calculate an efficiency estimate ( calf $ per unit NE ). There was considerable variation between -years with a range of more than $118 between the extremes: $345 per unit of NE in the least efficient and over $463 in the most efficient. Within variation suggested culling of the bottom 10% of cows would raise likely future calf $ per unit NE by $8.39 after correction for repeatability. Limited data from repeat records of the same individual cows in different years produced wide ranging estimates of the repeatability of both 200d wt and calf $ per unit NE. Application of the same model to better quality data from Whatawhata research station produced more consistent results that were compatible with repeatability estimates of 200d wt and mature cow weight found in the literature. Repeatability estimates for 200d weight derived from the Whatawhata data for 200d wt averaged 0.63 and ranged from 0.45 to Whatawhata repeatability estimates for calf $ per unit NE averaged 0.46 and ranged from 0.28 to First calving heifers Herd average age at weaning of calves out of first calving heifers ranged from 164 to 236 days suggesting comparison of averages calf weaning weight without adjustment for age of calf may be as much a comparison of age at weaning as it is of the calf rearing ability of the heifers. Average autumn scale wt of rising three year heifers varied by over 100 kgs between farms and average BCS varied by over 3.0 units on a 1 to 9 scale. When 200d wt of heifers calves was compared with the autumn scale wt of the heifers there was little relationship with heifer weigh explaining only 10% of the variation of calf 200d wt. Culling the bottom half of R 3yr heifers on the basis of their first calf production increased the likely future calf $ per unit NE of replacements by $21.33.
2 2 Materials and methods Data was obtained from thirty two different -years. Many s only recorded first calving heifers but a number collected data from all of the cows in the. Some s recorded calving date, birth weight and weaning weight of calves while others recorded calf marking and weaning weight. Cow weights and body condition scores were recorded at weaning. In 2006 and 2007 all dam parentage was determined by visual observation either at birth or after marking. In 2008 fifteen s opted to determine parentage by DNA profiling and submitted skin samples to the Gene Marker Lab at Lincoln University. Regrettably GML s efforts to determine parentage were unsuccessful and none of the 15 s had any record of dam parentage for the 2008 calving. The calf rearing ability of each cow ( 200d wt ) was calculated by adjusting each calf s weaning weight for non-repeatable effects (age and sex of calf and age of cow). For s recording calving date each calf s birth weight (either recorded or assumed) was subtracted from its weaning weight to produce a gain between birth and weaning which was then divided by the age at weaning to produce an average daily gain (ADG) from birth to weaning. The ADG was multiplied by 200 to obtain a gain to 200 days which was then adjusted for sex of calf and age of dam according to the modifications of the adjustments provided by Beef Improvement Ontario which are given in Appendix 1. The BIO adjustments were modified so that instead of adjustment to an average calf the adjustment was to that of a 200day old heifer calf out of a five year old cow. Since some of the s involved in this study retained all bull calves as entires, some castrated all male calves and some castrated only some of the male calves, it was decided to use heifer calves as the standard and the BIO recommendations were modified accordingly. Known birth weight was adjusted for sex of calf and age of dam according to the BIO recommendations or (if actual birth weight was not available) the BIO average 5yr heifer calf birth wt was substituted. One or the other was then added to the adjusted gain to 200 days to produce a 200d wt. For the s not recording calving date, each calf s marking weight was subtracted from its weaning weight to obtain a ADG marking to weaning which was then multiplied by 200 to produce a gain to 200d figure that was then adjusted for sex of calf and age of dam using the same modified BIO adjustments. A 200 day weight was then calculated by adding the breed average birth wt for heifer calves out of five year old cows to the adjusted gain to 200d to produce a 200d wt. Whatawhata data with calving, marking and weaning data suggested a high correlation between 200d wt calculated by the two methods. Comparison of 200d wt of calves calculated from the average daily gain between birth and weaning and between marking and weaning year r Whatawhata Whatawhata Whatawhata Whatawhata Whatawhata
3 All cows were weighed and assessed for body condition score by the farmers in the autumn using a 1 to 9 scale. Cow weight was adjusted to a standard BCS of 5.0 BCS5Wt according to published recommendations (National Research Council, 2000). Since calf weights were adjusted to an equivalent of calves out of five year old cows, cow weights were also adjusted for age of cow. Each cow s five year old weight was assumed to be proportional to her weight as a younger cow based on her relative ranking within age group, i.e. cows lighter than average (after adjustment for BCS) as two year olds were assumed to be proportionally lighter as five year old cows. Cow weight adjusted for BCS and age of cow was labelled BCS5MCW. The total net energy requirement of each cow/calf pair was estimated from the NRC Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle computer program (National Research Council, 2000) which requires inputs of animal data (sex, age, weight, body condition score and three generations of breed), management information (whether animals are implanted, on pasture or feedlot, on hill or flat country) and environmental conditions (average day and nighty temperature and wind velocity). BCS5MCW was converted to metabolic body wt and then used to estimate each cow s maintenance and activity requirements which were adjusted for level of production according to accepted formulas(national Research Council, 2000). Energy requirements for pregnancy were estimated from cow size. Energy requirements for lactation were estimated from NRC tables that use BCS5 cow weight as an indication of cow genetics for size and growth and calf 200d wt as an estimation of milk production of the cow. The assumption being that for a given cow weight a larger calf weight is the result of greater milk production by the cow. Calf energy requirements were estimated from modifications of the NRC model for maintenance, activity and growth. Each cow s calf rearing ability (200d wt) was related to the total net energy requirement of the cow calf pair and expressed as the value of calf production each cow would have achieved if she had been allocated a standard amount of energy which was set at 8,500 Mcal of net energy. Finally each cow s calf value/8.500 Mcal NE was expressed as a deviation from the year mean each cow was said to have produced X number of dollars more or less than the average cow from that that year. Each cow s 200d wt was multiplied by a repeatability estimate derived from project data to produce a Most Probable Producing Ability calf value which is reported to be the best estimate of future production (Kress & Burfening, 1972; Lush, 1945). Repeat records from commercial s were used in the estimation of the repeatability of efficiency as well. 3
4 Results Whole Herd calving data Usable data was available from 2,283 calves from 22 -years. Herd average calf scale weaning weight again varied by over 100 kgs between the different s whole data calf scale wt at weaning 250 ave wn wt WC6 WX8 Adjusted gain to 200 days of age ranged from to kgs and average 200d wt similarly ranged f to Within variation was also large for all calf traits. ave 200d wt BINZ whole data 200 day weight WM6 WX8 WC6 WM6 Herd average cow autumn scale weight varied by more than 200 kgs with the lightest average and heaviest kgs. Herd average BCS ranged from 3.1 to 7.7 but probably suffered from different standards applied by individual farmers. Herd average cow weight adjusted for BCS and age of cow showed large variation with a range of more than 350 kgs between the smallest and largest averages.
5 5 800 BINZ whole data, BCS5 Mature Cow Wt ave BCS5MCW WC6 WM6 Accordingly the average Net Energy required for maintenance and activity was nearly twice as large (8,721 Mcal) in the with the largest cows as it was in the with the smallest cows (4,853 Mcal) BINZ whole data, average NE required for maintenance and activity 7000 ave Maint The average dollar value of calves produced per unit of Net Energy ranged from $345 to $463. ave $/NE WC6 BINZ whole data, $ calf revenue per 8,500 Mcal Net Energy WM6 300 WM6 WC6
6 6 Culling the bottom 10% of the cows on efficiency raised the average MPPA calf value by an average of $8.93. $15 BINZ whole data Improvement in $calf/unit NE improvement $10 $5 $0 Two year old heifer calving data Two year old heifer calving data was available from 23 -years. The average age of calves at weaning varied by over 70 days demonstrating the importance of correcting calf scale weight for age at weaning in order to make meaningful comparisons of average calf rearing ability of heifers in different s. The average scale weight of calves at weaning in different s varied by over 100 kgs. 270 BINZ 2yr heifer data: average calf scale weight at weaning 250 ave wn wt Herd averages of adjusted gain to 200 days of age varied from kgs to and average 200d wts varied widely as well between s. BINZ 2yr heifer 200d wt 275 ave 200d
7 Rising three year heifer autumn scale weight also varied substantially between s with the mob of the smallest heifers barely averaging 425 kgs while the largest averaged over 550 kgs. Average body condition score ranged from 3.1 to 6.6. Heifer weight adjusted for BCS and age of heifer varied widely between s. 7 ave wt ave BCS BINZ scale weight of R 3yr heifers average autumn body condition score of R 3yr heifers The average net energy required for maintenance and activity of the heifers varied by over 30% between farms suggesting that the number of heifers capable of being maintained on different properties per unit of energy varied considerably between properties. ave Maint average maintenance + activity Net Energy requirement of R 3yr heifers
8 Herd average values for $ of calf per unit of energy varied from $350 to $487. average $ calf revenue per 8,500 Mcal Net Energy $ per NE There was little relationship between the calf rearing potential (200d wt) of heifers in each -year and the autumn weight of the Rising 3 year heifers,. For nearly all of the s less than 10% of the variation in calf 200d wt was explained by the autumn weight of the heifer. 60% BINZ Percentage of variation of 200d wt of calves explained by its dam's R 3yr wt 50% % variation 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Culling the bottom half of each -year group of heifers on the basis of their first calf 200d wt increased the -year average by between 10.8 and 49.2 kgs (average 21.3 kgs). Culling the bottom half increased the future most likely calf production (MPPA calf value ) by an average of $21.30 with a range of $10.80 to $ Superiority in calf 200d wt of top half of R 3yr heifers 40 superiority
9 9 Repeatability Repeat records from the same cows were only available from s that recorded all cows and were not available obviously from s that only recorded heifers. Data from the two commercial s with records from three years were used to estimate the repeatability of various measures. Even after editing the data to remove obvious outliers repeatability estimates of 200d wt and $ calf value per unit of NE varied widely. Correlations between years for s with multi-year records from different age cows cows calves years ages n CD cow wt BCS BCS5 wt BCS5MCW b wt wn wt 200d wt $ / NE G 2006/07 3, 4, /08 3, 4, * * /08 3, 4, * /07 4, 5, > * /08 4, 5, > * /08 4, 5, > * /07 2, 3, * /08 2, 3, * /08 2, 3, * /07 5, 5, * /08 5, 5, * /08 5, 5, * /07 all * /08 all * /08 all * B 2006/07>5, >5, > /08>5, >5, > /08>5, >5, > /07 all /08 all /08 all C all , Data from the AgResearch at Whatawhata on the other hand produced much more consistent correlations between years. Adjustments for birth weight and gain to 200 days were calculated from the BINZ data and are given in Appendix 1.
10 Discussion 10 Techniques for measuring performance in extensively grazed beef s were applied to data from a number of commercial s. Variation in calf rearing ability and cow efficiency were found to be large both within s and between s. Estimates of the repeatability of both measures were widely variable when commercial data was used but when calculated from research farm data were less variable and more consistent with reports in the literature. There was no clear explanation why the repeatability estimates from commercial s varied so much and differed so much from those from the AgResearch. All of the farmers used electronic scales that presumably were accurate. Admittedly body condition scoring of cows is arbitrary and subject to personal variation. Perhaps the introduction of electronic tags will increase the accuracy of performance recording. Nevertheless moderate to strong relationships were demonstrated between repeat records of both 200d wt (calf rearing potential) and cow efficiency (calf potential per unit of net energy) which were high enough to suggest culling on previous records would increase efficiency of production. The effect of culling the bottom 10% of the main was modest for most s but the effect of culling the bottom 50% of each year s heifer crop was substantial. Selection of R 3yr heifers as main replacements based on the liveweight of the heifer as is currently practiced appears to be a particularly poor policy as there was little relationship found in this study. On the other hand the 200d weight of heifers calves appears to be a far more useful selection tool. Development of an automated performance recording database that would allow individual cow culling and benchmarking appears warranted and would increase the profitability of beef production from commercial properties. Adjustments for sex of calf and age of dam were calculated from the BINZ data using a linear model but were not used because of the relatively small numbers of records used to calculate them. Over two million calf records were used to calculate the BIO adjustments compared with only a few hundred for the BINZ adjustments. BINZ adjustments would be preferable once sufficient numbers become available because of differences in the breeds of cattle and farming environments. References Kress, D., & Burfening, P. (1972). Weaning Weight Related to Subsequent Most Probable Producing Ability in Hereford Cows. Journal of Animal Science, 35, Lush, J. (1945). Animal Breeding Plans, Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press. National Research Council. (2000). Nutrient requirements of beef cattle.
11 Appendix 1 11 Beef Improvement Ontario additive adjustments birth wt gain to 200d sex of calf sex of calf AOD bull heifer AOD bull steer heifer adjustments are to a 200 day old heifer calf out of a five year old cow Breedplan multiplicative adjustments Beef Improvement Federation additive adjustments AOD birth wt wn wt AOD birth wt wn wt male female > to a 200d old calf out of a 5 year old cow calves of different sexes are treated calves of different sexes are treated as different contemporary groups as different contemporary groups Beef Improvement New Zealand additive adjustments birth weight gain to 200 days sex of calf sex of calf AOD bull heifer AOD bull heifer steer adjustment is to a 200 day old heifer calf out of a five year old cow
Real-Life Implementation of Controlled Breeding Season
Real-Life Implementation of Controlled Breeding Season T. R. Troxel, Ph.D. Professor and Associate Department Head, Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR Story in Brief Reducing the length
More informationRelationship of Cow Size, Cow Requirements, and Production Issues
Relationship of Cow Size, Cow Requirements, and Production Issues Dr. Matt Hersom Extension Beef Cattle Specialist University of Florida - Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Department of Animal
More informationRelationship of Cow Size, Cow Requirements, and Production Issues
Relationship of Cow Size, Cow Requirements, and Production Issues Dr. Matt Hersom 1 1 Assistant Professor, UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville, FL Introduction Proper nutritional status
More informationLong Calving Seasons. Problems and Solutions
DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE R ESEARCH & EXTENSION University of Arkansas System Agriculture and Natural Resources FSA3011 Long Calving Seasons: Problems and Solutions Tom R. Troxel Professor and Associate
More informationAGE OF COW AND AGE OF DAM EFFECTS ON MILK PRODUCTION OF HEREFORD COWS 1. ABSTRACt"
AGE OF COW AND AGE OF DAM EFFECTS ON MILK PRODUCTION OF HEREFORD COWS 1 D. L. Lubritz 2, K. Forrest 2 and O. W. Robison 2 North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621 ABSTRACt" Milk production in
More informationCommon Performance Recording Problems
Common Performance Recording Problems TIPS & TOOLS The term rubbish in rubbish out is often used when discussing the requirements of performance recording with BREEDPLAN. In other words, the reliability
More informationComparison of Weaning System on Cow-Calf Performance and Intake
Comparison of Weaning System on Cow-Calf Performance and Intake J. W. Adcock, D. B. Faulkner, D. W. Shike and K. M. Retallick Background With rising inputs, increased pressure has been put on cow-calf
More informationRelationship of Cow Size to Nutrient Requirements and Production Management Issues 1
AN226 Relationship of Cow Size to Nutrient Requirements and Production Management Issues 1 Matt Hersom 2 Introduction Proper nutritional status is critical for optimal production efficiency in the beef
More informationRelationship of Cow Size, Requirements, and Production Issues. Dr. Matt Hersom UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences
Relationship of Cow Size, Requirements, and Production Issues Dr. Matt Hersom UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences How Big are Your Cows I don t know. why does it matter? The herd runs 1,000 to 1,150
More informationGoal Oriented Use of Genetic Prediction
Goal Oriented Use of Genetic Prediction Mark Johnson Inheritance of Quantitative Traits P = G + E Phenotype = Genotype + Environment Genotype Additive due to individual genes Non-additive due to combinations
More informationMeasuring Cow Efficiency in the Herd. Ryon S. Walker Livestock Consultant Noble Research Institute
Measuring Cow Efficiency in the Herd Ryon S. Walker Livestock Consultant Noble Research Institute Does Cow Size Matter? If you don t tag at birth, you don t know who belongs to who, and you don t weigh
More informationCulling the Commercial Cow Herd: BIF Fact Sheet
1 of 6 10/26/2009 1:52 PM University of Missouri Extension G2036, Reviewed October 1993 Culling the Commercial Cow Herd: BIF Fact Sheet John Massey Department of Animal Sciences Beef cow owners should
More informationMatching Cow Type to the Nutritional Environment
Matching Cow Type to the Nutritional Environment Don D. Hargrove Animal Science Department University of Florida The goal in planning a management program for a commercial cow-calf operation is to maximize
More informationSelecting and Sourcing Replacement Heifers
Selecting and Sourcing Replacement Heifers 10 to 20% of a cowherd is replaced annually. Approximately 30% of weaned heifers are needed for replacement Additional heifers are needed for expansion Heifers
More informationEPD Info 1/5. Guide to the American Gelbvieh Association Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs)
EPD Info gelbvieh.org/genetic-technology/epd-info/ Guide to the American Gelbvieh Association Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) Expected progeny differences (EPDs) can be used to predict the average
More informationProceedings, State of Beef Conference November 7 and 8, 2018, North Platte, Nebraska COW SIZE AND COWHERD EFFICIENCY. Introduction
Proceedings, State of Beef Conference November 7 and 8, 2018, North Platte, Nebraska COW SIZE AND COWHERD EFFICIENCY J. T. Mulliniks, M. Benell, and R. N. Funston University of Nebraska West Central Research
More informationMike Davis, The Ohio State University 6/19/14
2014 Beef Improvement Federation Meeting! The optimum beef cow is indeed an elusive beast. I have searched for her for more than 20 years, and have come up empty handed. But I believe I m getting close.!
More informationProceedings, The State of Beef Conference November 4 and 5, 2014, North Platte, Nebraska BEEF PRODUCTION WITHOUT MATURE COWS
Proceedings, The State of Beef Conference November 4 and 5, 2014, North Platte, Nebraska BEEF PRODUCTION WITHOUT MATURE COWS George E. Seidel, Jr. Colorado State University Summary Mature beef cows must
More informationBREEDPLAN EBVs The Traits Explained
BREEDPLAN EBVs The Traits Explained BREEDPLAN currently reports EBVs for a range of economically important traits. These traits include: Weight Fertility/Calving Carcase Other Birth Weight Scrotal Size
More informationB+LNZ GENETICS BEEF BREEDER UPDATE
B+LNZ GENETICS BEEF BREEDER UPDATE ISSUE 2 The past six months have been busy in the beef genetics space. The 1600 cows involved in the B+LNZ Genetics Beef Progeny Test scanned an average of 49% and we
More informationBody Condition: Implications for Managing Beef Cows
Agdex 420/40-1 Body Condition: Implications for Managing Beef Cows Body condition, or the amount of body fat an animal is carrying, is one management indicator that can be used to predict herd fertility
More informationCHALLENGES FOR IMPROVING CALF CROP
CHALLENGES FOR IMPROVING CALF CROP J. N. Wiltbank Animal Science Department Brigham Young University Several authors have stated that reproductive performance is the most important economic trait in a
More informationSetting Weight-for-Age Targets
Setting Weight-for-Age Targets This Infosheet covers: Setting heifer mob weight-for-age targets and individual animal minimum weight targets. Key points The industry weight-for-age targets are 30% of mature
More informationSection 5: Production Management
Introduction Lessons included the Production Management section of the elearning tool: Lesson 1: Market Steer Management...94 Lesson 2: Herd Sire Management...96 Lesson 3: Cow & Heifer Management...98
More informationAngus BREEDPLAN GETTING STARTED
Angus BREEDPLAN GETTING STARTED What is Angus BREEDPLAN? Angus BREEDPLAN is the genetic evaluation program adopted by Angus Australia for Angus and Angus infused beef cattle. Angus BREEDPLAN uses Best
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF HEREFORD AND TWO-BREED ROTATIONAL CROSSES OF HEREFORD W ANGUS AND SIMMENTAL CAllLE: CALF PRODUCTION THROUGH WEANING
CHARACTERIZATION OF HEREFORD AND TWO-BREED ROTATIONAL CROSSES OF HEREFORD W ANGUS AND SIMMENTAL CAllLE: CALF PRODUCTION THROUGH WEANING D. M. ~arshall', M. D. onf fore? and C. A. ~inke? Department of Animal
More informationFocus. Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service
FARM Assistance Focus Profitability of Beef Cattle Best Management Practices in South Texas: Improving Profitability with Genetically Superior Sires and Higher Breeding Ratios Mac Young Joe Paschal Levi
More informationFocus. Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service
FARM Assistance Focus Profitability of Beef Cattle Best Management Practices in South Texas: Improving Profitability with Genetically Superior Sires and Higher Breeding Ratios Mac Young Joe Paschal Levi
More informationGot Milk? An Economic Look at Cow Size and Milk. July 13 th, 2015
Got Milk? An Economic Look at Cow Size and Milk July 13 th, 2015 Every complex problem has a simple solution, and it s usually wrong. Author unknown The Optimum Beef Cow The never-ending cow size argument
More informationThe Value of Improving the Performance of your Cow-Calf Operation
The Value of Improving the Performance of your Cow-Calf Operation Chris Prevatt Livestock and Forage Economist UF Range Cattle Research and Education Center NW Florida Beef Conference The Last Five Years
More informationFEED EFFICIENCY IN THE RANGE BEEF COW: WHAT SHOULD WE BE LOOKING AT?
Proceedings, The Range Beef Cow Symposium XXIV November 17, 18, and 19, 2015, Loveland, Colorado FEED EFFICIENCY IN THE RANGE BEEF COW: WHAT SHOULD WE BE LOOKING AT? H. H. Trey Patterson Padlock Ranch
More informationFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS GENEMAX ADVANTAGE : THE SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL ANGUS HEIFER SELECTION August 2016 GENEMAX ADVANTAGE Q. What is GeneMax Advantage? A. GeneMax Advantage is a DNA test for prospective
More informationNutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle ANR-0060 Understanding beef cattle nutrient requirements is a critical step in developing a nutritional management strategy for the herd. Nutritional decision making
More informationWe are in the bull business
Can Selection Indexes Improve Profitability? What Time Has Taught Us about Selecting for Profit Lee Leachman Leachman Cattle of Colorado December 14 th, 2013 We are in the bull business We select Angus,
More informationUser Guide
User Guide get connected Welcome This Welcome Pack is aimed at helping you make full use of your HerdPlus membership. The HerdPlus service will furnish you with breeding and management tools you need to
More informationCollecting Abattoir Carcase Information
Collecting Abattoir Carcase Information Abattoir carcase information, along with live animal ultrasound scanning measurements and genomic information, is used to calculate Carcase EBVs within BREEDPLAN.
More informationExample of Records. Workshop #11 Cow/Calf Performance Efficiency. Production Records Are Like Road Maps 5/10/2016. Selecting your most profitable cows
Workshop #11 Cow/Calf Performance Efficiency Selecting your most profitable cows Earl H. Ward Area Livestock Specialist Production Records Are Like Road Maps GOAL $$$$ You are Here! Example of Records
More informationCanfax Research Services A Division of the Canadian Cattlemen s Association
Canfax Research Services A Division of the Canadian Cattlemen s Association Publication Sponsored By: Focus on Productivity COW/CALF PRODUCTIVITY The feedlot and packing sectors have been very successful
More informationUNDER 16 MONTH BULL BEEF (SUCKLER)
UNDER 16 MONTH BULL BEEF (SUCKLER) 1. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION (HIGH CONCENTRATE) Production of young bulls from the suckler herd which are slaughtered before they reach 16 months of age. These young bulls are
More informationUnderstanding and Using Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs)
Agriculture and Natural Resources FSA3068 Understanding and Using Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) Brett Barham Associate Professor Animal Science Arkansas Is Our Campus Visit our web site at: http://www.uaex.edu
More informationCOW HERD REPLACEMENT. John Dhuyvetter NCREC NDSU Extension
COW HERD REPLACEMENT John Dhuyvetter NCREC NDSU Extension Cow Ownership Costs Cow Longevity Culling Reasons and Rates Depreciation-Replacement Cost Replacement Strategies Raising or Buying Replacements
More informationHERD REPLACEMENTS: HEIFERS OR OPEN COWS?
HERD REPLACEMENTS: HEIFERS OR OPEN COWS? J. F. Baker Coastal Plain Experiment Station University of Georgia INTRODUCTION It is common to find opinions, rules of thumb or suggestions for livestock operations
More informationAnimal and Forage Interactions in Beef Systems
Planning and Managing for Dry Conditions in Range and Pasture Production Systems Don Adams dadams1@unl.edu Animal and Forage Interactions in Beef Systems 1 Diets of Grazing Cattle The Primary Factor Affecting
More informationUsing EPDs in a Commercial Herd
Using EPDs in a Commercial Herd R. R. Schalles and K. O. Zoellner Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66506 Today, beef cattle producers have the best tools
More informationBreeding Objectives Indicate Value of Genomics for Beef Cattle M. D. MacNeil, Delta G
Breeding Objectives Indicate Value of Genomics for Beef Cattle M. D. MacNeil, Delta G Introduction A well-defined breeding objective provides commercial producers a mechanism for extracting value from
More information(Key Words: Female Replacement Rate, Profitability, Beef Cattle.) Introduction
CASE STUDY: The Professional Determining Replacement Animal Scientist Rates 20 in Beef (2004):87 93 Cattle Operations 87 C ASE STUDY: To Replace or Not to Replace: Determining Optimal Replacement Rates
More informationBuilding a fertile herd
Building a fertile herd Michael McGowan School of Veterinary Science CRICOS Provider No 00025B uq.edu.au Outline of presentation Focus will be on beef production in sub-tropical-tropical environments Based
More informationTECHNICAL BULLETIN GENEMAX ADVANTAGE IS DESIGNED FOR COMMERCIAL BEEF HERDS. August Zoetis Genetics 333 Portage Street Kalamazoo, MI
TECHNICAL BULLETIN August 2016 GENEMAX ADVANTAGE IS DESIGNED FOR COMMERCIAL BEEF HERDS Zoetis Genetics 333 Portage Street Kalamazoo, MI 49007-4931 KEY POINTS GeneMax Advantage is a genomic test for commercial
More informationTECHNICAL BULLETIN GENEMAX ADVANTAGE IS DESIGNED FOR COMMERCIAL BEEF HERDS. August Zoetis Genetics 333 Portage Street Kalamazoo, MI
TECHNICAL BULLETIN August 2016 GENEMAX ADVANTAGE IS DESIGNED FOR COMMERCIAL BEEF HERDS Zoetis Genetics 333 Portage Street Kalamazoo, MI 49007-4931 KEY POINTS GeneMax Advantage is a genomic test for commercial
More informationImpact of Selection for Improved Feed Efficiency. Phillip Lancaster UF/IFAS Range Cattle Research and Education Center
Impact of Selection for Improved Feed Efficiency Phillip Lancaster UF/IFAS Range Cattle Research and Education Center Importance of Feed Efficiency By 2050, the world population is expected to increase
More informationREPLACEMENT HEIFER DEVELOPMENT & NUTRITION
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION REPLACEMENT HEIFER DEVELOPMENT & NUTRITION MARK LANDEFELD OSU EXTENSION EDUCATOR AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Heifer Development Proper selection and development of
More informationWestern Canadian Cow-Calf Survey Findings: Production Benchmarks
Western Canadian Cow-Calf Survey Findings: Production Benchmarks Patrick Ramsey, Business Development Beef Competitiveness Livestock & Farm Business Branch, AAF Thank you to Kathy Larson, Beef Economist,
More informationCow-Calf Enterprise Standardized Performance Analysis
Cow-Calf Enterprise Standardized Performance Analysis Overview Cattlemen are challenged to reduce production costs, be more competitive, and increase market share and profits. The first step to lowering
More informationImproving Genetics in the Suckler Herd by Noirin McHugh & Mark McGee
Section 4 23 by Noirin McHugh & Mark McGee Introduction Carefully identifying better animals and breeding them with other superior animals will gradually improve the genetics of a herd. Enhanced genetics
More informationUse of Linear and Non-linear Growth Curves to Describe Body Weight Changes of Young Angus Bulls and Heifers
Animal Industry Report AS 650 ASL R1869 2004 Use of Linear and Non-linear Growth Curves to Describe Body Weight Changes of Young Angus Bulls and Heifers Abebe T. Hassen Iowa State University Doyle E. Wilson
More informationCanadian Hereford Association
Canadian Hereford Association Pan American Hereford Cattle Evaluation Fall 2017 EPD Averages, Tools and Trends Includes: Introduction to Genomically Enhanced EPD Post-Weaning Gain EPD Residual Feed Intake
More informationBreeding for Profit from Beef Production ( )
IRISH CATTLE BREEDING FEDERATION Breeding for Profit from Beef Production ( ) Animal Evaluation Unit 1 Overview Overview of Irish beef industry ICBF, ICBF database & Animal Events What are genetic evaluations?
More informationWHETHER dealing with a commercial
Selecting, Producing, and Marketing Beef Cattle WHETHER dealing with a commercial cow-calf, purebred cow-calf, or feedlot operation, a beef producer needs to be capable of analyzing and selecting high-quality
More information11/30/2018. Introduction to Genomic Selection OUTLINE. 1. What is different between pedigree based and genomic selection? 2.
Introduction to Genomic Selection imagefriend.com OUTLINE 1. What is different between pedigree based and genomic selection? 2. Selection tools - Selection Indexes - Genotyping resources 3. DNA-based markers
More informationProceedings, The Range Beef Cow Symposium XX December 11, 12 and 13, 2007 Fort Collins, Colorado
Proceedings, The Range Beef Cow Symposium XX December 11, 12 and 13, 2007 Fort Collins, Colorado BENEFITS OF WEANING CALVES AT YOUNGER THAN TRADITIONAL AGES Trey Patterson Padlock Ranch Company, Ranchester,
More informationEPDs and Reasonable Expectations in Commercial Crossbred Operations
EPDs and Reasonable Expectations in Commercial Crossbred Operations Jared Decker, PhD Associate Professor, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri DeckerJE@missouri.edu, A Steak in Genomics
More informationDesigning Heifer Systems That Work on Your Farm
Designing Heifer Systems That Work on Your Farm Michael E. Van Amburgh and Thomas R. Overton Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Email: tro2@cornell.edu Take Home Messages
More informationCreating Premium Beef Maximizing Dairy Profit
Creating Premium Beef Maximizing Dairy Profit Tim Timmons Marketing Manager ABS Global QUESTIONS YOU SHOULD BE ASKING Do I need all of my replacements? Do all of my heifers pay off their rearing costs?
More informationNew Zealand Hereford Selection Indexes
New Zealand Hereford Selection Indexes There are currently four different selection indexes calculated for New Zealand Hereford animals. These are: Hereford Prime Index Export Index Dairy Maternal Index
More informationCreating Cash Flow and Wealth with Cattle. Wally Olson
Creating Cash Flow and Wealth with Cattle Wally Olson Disclaimer My work is to help people deal with what happens today and to prepare for the future. Ranching is a business with risk. The information,
More informationThe economics of using DNA markers for bull selection in the beef seedstock sector A.L. Van Eenennaam 1, J.H. van der Werf 2, M.E.
The economics of using DNA markers for bull selection in the beef seedstock sector A.L. Van Eenennaam 1, J.H. van der Werf 2, M.E. Goddard 3 1 Cooperative Extension Specialist Animal Biotechnology and
More informationRELATIONSHIPS AMONG UDDER SHAPE, UDDER CAPACITY, COW LONGEVITY AND CALF WEIGHTS ~
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG UDDER SHAPE, UDDER CAPACITY, COW LONGEVITY AND CALF WEIGHTS ~ R. S. Kersey DeNise 2, D. E. Ray 2, A. M. Lane 2, V. L. Rundle 3 and M. Torabi 2 University of Arizona Tucson 85721 ABSTRACT
More informationEFFICIENCY OF THE COW HERD: BULL SELECTION AND GENETICS
EFFICIENCY OF THE COW HERD: BULL SELECTION AND GENETICS Oregon State University/Beef Industry Tour Corvallis, Oregon Thursday, October 25, 2018 Overview Introduction/importance of sire selection Selection
More informationMILK PROTEIN GENOTYPE EFFECTS ON MILK PRODUCTION IN BEEF HEIFERS AND CALF PERFORMANCE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS. Story in Brief
MILK PROTEIN GENOTYPE EFFECTS ON MILK PRODUCTION IN BEEF HEIFERS AND CALF PERFORMANCE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS Gary K. Ziehe1, Daniel Pomp2 and David S. Buchanan3 Story in Brief Genotypes at the j3-lactoglobulinand
More informationDetermining Your Unit Costs of Producing A Hundred Weight of Calf
Managing for Today s Cattle Market and Beyond Determining Your Unit Costs of Producing A Hundred Weight of Calf By Harlan Hughes North Dakota State University Unit Costs of Production Astute beef cow producers
More informationREALISED RESPONSES TO DIVERGENT SELECTION FOR YEARLING GROWTH RATE IN ANGUS CATTLE
REALISED RESPONSES TO DIVERGENT SELECTION FOR YEARLING GROWTH RATE IN ANGUS CATTLE P.F. PARNELL1, R. BARLOW2, and B. TIER3, AUSTRALIA 1 Agricultural Research Centre, Trangie, NSW, 2 Agricultural Research
More information1999 American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting
Producer Prediction of Optimal Sire Characteristics Impacting Farm Profitibility In a Stochastic Bio-Economic Decision Framework William Herring, and Vern Pierce 1 Copyright 1999 by Vern Pierce. All rights
More informationProceedings, The Range Beef Cow Symposium XVIII December 9, 10, 11, 2003, Mitchell Nebraska
Proceedings, The Range Beef Cow Symposium XVIII December 9, 10, 11, 2003, Mitchell Nebraska THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS AND POTENTIAL WHEN USING CURRENT AND FUTURE EPD ECONOMICALLY RELEVANT TRAITS R. Mark Enns
More informationFarm Management Decisions in the Era of Genomics
Farm Management Decisions in the Era of Genomics Brian Van Doormaal and Gerrit Kistemaker Canadian Dairy Network, Guelph, Ontario. E-mail: Brian@cdn.ca Take Home Messages Genomics has had a major impact
More informationWAGYU BREEDOBJECT $INDEXES TECHNICAL UPDATE
WAGYU BREEDOBJECT $INDEXES TECHNICAL UPDATE AUTHORS Dr Matthew McDonagh and Carel Teseling Australian Wagyu Association Suite 6, 146 Marsh St, Armidale NSW 2350 Dr Brad Walmsley Animal Genetics and Breeding
More informationBeef Cattle Energetics
Beef Cattle Energetics Point of Inflection= IM + } Point of Inflection= IM Point of Inflection= IM 1 Energy Reserves + } - } Point of Inflection= IM In livestock production, 0 EB is rarely achieved Beef
More informationReproductive Management of Commercial Beef Cows. Ted G. Dyer, Extension Animal Scientist
Reproductive Management of Commercial Beef Cows Ted G. Dyer, Extension Animal Scientist Reproductive efficiency has long been recognized as the most important aspect of commercial beef production. If only
More informationFertility. New Zealand Animal Evaluation Limited, Rationale. Lost milk production and changed feed requirement pattern. 5 th February 2013
Fertility 5 th February 2013 DISCLAIMER Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the investigations, and the content and information within this document. However NZAEL/DairyNZ expressly disclaims
More informationReplacement Heifers Costs and Return Calculation Decision Aids
Replacement Heifers Costs and Return Calculation Decision Aids The purpose of these replacement heifer cost decision aids is to calculate total production costs and return on investment (ROI) to evaluate
More informationPredicting Profit. The Rancher s Guide to EPDs
Predicting Profit The Rancher s Guide to EPDs EPDs (Expected Progeny Differences) are the most powerful selection tool the beef industry has ever had. Their use has converted breeding seedstock cattle
More informationOutline. Heifers selection. Selection. Maternal Traits. Range Beef Cow Symposium, Dec. 3-5, /5/13. rangebeefcow.com 1
Range Beef Cow Symposium, Dec. 3-5, 213 12/5/13 Outline POST-AI NUTRITIONAL IMPACT ON REPRODUCTION Range Beef Cow Symposium Rapid City, SD 213 Introduction Importance of Reproduction Heifer selection/management
More informationUnderstanding EPDs and Accuracies
Understanding EPDs and Accuracies Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) are used to compare the genetic merit of animals in various traits. An EPD predicts the difference
More informationDAIRY CATTLE CROSSBREEDING- POLICY AND RESPONSIBILITY
DAIRY CATTLE CROSSBREEDING- POLICY AND RESPONSIBILITY Dr. Musarrat Abbas Khan (Research Officer) Livestock Research Institute, Bahadurnagar, Okara POPULATION CENSUS OF PAKISTAN AND PUNJAB Pakistan Total
More informationThe cow-less cow herd
2016 Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle Des Moines, Iowa September 7-8, 2016 260 The cow-less cow herd George E. Seidel, Jr., Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State
More informationWestern Canadian Cow-Calf Survey
Western Canadian Cow-Calf Survey June 13-14, 2016 SSGA AGM & Convention, Regina, SK Kathy Larson WBDC Beef Economist Overview The Profit-Production Link WCCCS Background Survey Says. Cost Example of RMP
More informationREDUCED AGE AT FIRST CALVING: EFFECTS ON LIFETIME PRODUCTION, LONGEVITY, AND PROFITABILITY
Dairy Day 2004 REDUCED AGE AT FIRST CALVING: EFFECTS ON LIFETIME PRODUCTION, LONGEVITY, AND PROFITABILITY M. J. Meyer 1, R. W. Everett 1, and M. E. Van Amburgh 1 Summary The primary advantages of reducing
More informationEmissions Reduction Fund Opportunities for cattle producers
Emissions Reduction Fund Opportunities for cattle producers Opportunities for cattle producers Cattle producers can run projects under the ERF Two specific methods: Feeding nitrates to beef cattle Beef
More informationSDSU. Effect of Calving Time and Weaning Time on Cow and Calf Performance - A Preliminary Report CATTLE 00-7
I Effect of Calving Time and Weaning Time on Cow and Calf Performance - A Preliminary Report R. J. pruittl, B. ~ppersonl, B. ~ohnson', D. zalesky3, R. ~ ai~h~, and D. young5 Animal & Range Sciences and
More informationWelcome to Igenity Brangus and the Power of Confident Selection
Now available exclusively through the International Brangus Breeders Association: Welcome to Igenity Brangus and the Power of Confident Selection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
More informationBEEF PRODUCTION SYSTEM GUIDELINES. Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Programme
BEEF PRODUCTION SYSTEM GUIDELINES Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Programme INTRODUCTION 03 Under 16 Month Bull Beef (Suckler) (High Concentrate) 04 Under 16 Month Bull Beef (Suckler) 06 Under
More informationBalancing Forage Demand with Forage Supply
B-1606 Balancing Forage Demand with Forage Supply Larry D. White and Tom R. Troxel* One of the first priorities for proper management of range resources is balancing animal numbers with forage supply.
More informationThe Angus BRS recordkeeping system provides an easy-to-use format for producers to access a wealth of information about their herds.
FIG. 1 The Angus BRS recordkeeping system provides an easy-to-use format for producers to access a wealth of information about their herds. B Y M A T T P E R R I E R ow can I get feedyard and carcass data
More informationOverview. Initial Research. Overview. Initial Research. Initial Research. Adapting Angus Cattle to Subtropical Climates 10/28/2015
Adapting Angus Cattle to Subtropical Climates John Arthington University of / IFAS Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona Overview Typical commercial cow/calf herds are comprised of Brahman x
More informationRange And Pasture Management
Level Two 4-H Beef Project -Range and Pasture Management 15-1 Unit Fifteen Range And Pasture Management Roll Call What is one thing you might find on the land where you graze your cattle? The Stocking
More informationA Comparison of Milk Production In
the medium level or an additional 15 pounds of milk to produce an additional pound of weaning weight. Milk production levels of cows of both breeds were similar and low during August when forage intake
More informationA Discussion Where We Have Been Where We Are Where We Are Going
A Discussion Where We Have Been Where We Are Where We Are Going Kris Ringwall, Ph. D., Extension Livestock Specialist Douglas Landblom, Animal Scientist Dickinson Research Extension Center I Thought I
More informationIMPACT OF SEED STOCK SELECTION ON THE ECONOMICS OF A COW-CALF OPERATION
IMPACT OF SEED STOCK SELECTION ON THE ECONOMICS OF A COW-CALF OPERATION Timothy D. Hewitt and John Holt North Florida Research and Education Center University of Florida, Marianna; and Food and Resource
More informationMAKING COWS OUT OF HEIFERS BY DR. PATSY HOUGHTON GENERAL MANAGER HEARTLAND CATTLE COMPANY
Develop Your Heifers For The Future MAKING COWS OUT OF HEIFERS BY DR. PATSY HOUGHTON GENERAL MANAGER HEARTLAND CATTLE COMPANY The replacement heifer is a mixed blessing for most cow-calf operators. On
More informationHerd Management Method
Herd Management Method Carbon credits from cattle management Stephen Wiedemann FSA Consulting Background >80% of GHG emissions from Aust. grassfed beef arise from enteric methane 1 The emissions intensity
More informationManaging Beef Cow Efficiency 1
AN233 T. D. Maddock, G. C. Lamb, and D. D. Henry 2 Introduction Optimizing the efficiency of beef cattle production can be complicated because of the many variables going into the equations that attempt
More information