The presentation was about the Rice farming development project which JTS is running in Karonga, Northern Malawi, and how that fits into the wider

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1 The presentation was about the Rice farming development project which JTS is running in Karonga, Northern Malawi, and how that fits into the wider fair trade context.

2 The land the people and the organisations involved are: Karonga: a rural area in Northern Malawi based around the shores of Lake Malawi. This year the United Nations officially designated Malawi as the poorest country in the world. And Karonga is one of the poorest parts of Malawi. The Farmers. Typically very poor and with only a few years primary education. The demography of the area is skewed by Aids which has reduced the population of working age men. Women and the elderly often have to shoulder most of the burden of bringing up families. The farmers are determined to create a better life for their children Their main crop is rice, grown as a cash crop to enable the farmers buy the essentials for life. Rice is harvested by hand and threshed by hand. Farmers often walk barefoot many miles in the sun with a 50 kg bag of rice on their head to sell at market. Market prices could be very variable and traders often took advantage of farmers desperation or cheated them by using rigged scales.

3 NASFAM: National Smallholder Farmers Association of Malawi, a democratically run, member association with members. Provides training, low cost farm inputs, financial oversight and management skills to support farmers and build capacity of local associations. Runs development programmes: focussing on issues such as climate change mitigation, gender equality, HIV/AIDS, etc. NASFAM is the umbrella organisation for local associations one of which is - KASFA: Kaporo Smallholder Farmers Association based in Karonga It has an expanding membership, currently of whom 60% are women; most members have 1-4 hectares of land; The Association has a business manager; 4 association field officers; 250 lead farmers; and is organised in clubs (15-25 members) these clubs share things such as ox-carts and ploughs, Marketing Access Centres and zones. It is run by an elected Board with 4 men and 4 women members. Membership fees are set such that no one is excluded because they are too poor. Loans can be arranged for the ultra poor. NASFAM set a fair market price at the time of harvest and all members of the association can sell their rice to NASFAM. JTS: a Scottish based fair trade importer, wholly owned by a local charity, the Balmore Trust. We import fine foods from a variety of countries: Malawi, Swaziland, South Africa, Kenya and Sri Lanka. JTS aims to support smallholder farmers and small producers by providing access to European markets, as well as assistance, advice and financial support with product and agricultural development.

4 JTS met NASFAM in 2008 at a trade fair in Glasgow supported by the Scottish Government. We started importing rice in 2009 started to develop a market. However it soon became apparent that improvements were needed to the farmers production methods in order to increase quality and volume. Rice consistency needed to be improved and JTS were meeting a sales barrier when it came to selling to larger retailers. A step-change was needed if Karonga was to become a significant rice-exporting area contributing to the economic, social and political resilience of the country. So, supported by the Scottish Government JTS embarked on a capacity building project that has to date: Run a seed multiplication programme, buying seed from a research centre and growing it on under controlled conditions to produce certified seed; Distributing 20 kg to each of 5000 members with the expectation that it will increased yields 2x; farmers to repay 40kg of seed to association in order to set up a revolving fund to ensure continuity and sustainability. This has meant that the seed bank which we set up in year one with 5mt now has 200mt going into year 3. Distribution of ox-carts to reduce labour These are repaid through an initial down-payment plus three further payments after each following harvest. Further ox-carts are then purchased as money becomes available. This not only ensures that there will be a steadily increasing number of ox-carts in the farming community, reducing the huge labour of carrying 50 kg sacks of rice to home-stead and market; it also is providing a steady demand for ox-carts to the local workshop which manufactures them, supporting local jobs

5 Distribution of tarpaulins to improve threshing and drying, a simple thing that makes a big difference. Supplied basic farm machinery such a rotovators and ploughs. Time is very precious now to the farmers. One said that in his father s day the rains were always at the same time of the year. The farmers knew exactly when they needed to prepare their fields and get ready for planting. Now the rains vary and it is time critical for the farmers to get the fields prepared as soon as the ground is soft enough. Designed and sent out three pedal-driven threshing machine So, for the Karonga farmers we are helping both at the supply side by improving their quality and yields, and the demand side by helping to set a fair and stable market price. A core ethos of this development project is that it has totally sustainable aims. Sadly, experience has proved that short term aid which does not leave a sustainable legacy is largely pointless. Indeed it might even do more harm than good. In every aspect our development work as well as our trade is intended to be practical, pragmatic, sustainable and to achieve both demonstrable quick wins and long term wins. It s vital that the immediate aims of the project will continue to be met beyond the life of the project. How do we know the project works? How do we measure the Impact? The project has regular audits built in to it. And regular reporting is made to the Scottish Government. In addition we have linked with Glasgow University to send students working on their dissertations to conduct audits on the impacts of belonging to the farmer s association and the project was having on the farmers. The results have been positive. One dissertation stated: In terms of livelihood indicators, it was found that members, relative to non-members, have higher overall

6 expenditure, better food security, own more durable goods, have better housing quality and invest more in the education of their children. The positive impact findings suggest as a result of more stable and secure income, farmers are able to make better long term investments. Conclusion The project has already had a significant impact on farmers livelihoods and on the strength of the famers association, leading to increased incomes for individual farmers and growing numbers and increased membership fees for the association. We expect this trend to be sustained. We would expect further developments as the benefits of wider distribution of carts, tarpaulins come to be experience and valued. There is clearly a growing movement for the introduction of further forms of appropriate technology: threshing machines and rotavators which will lead both to increased productivity and the ability to deal with the effects of climate change. This in turn will spawn new forms of local industry, building more resilient communities. We are also hopeful that we can continue to open up markets in Scotland, and the rest of the UK and Europe. This would contribute significantly to the Malawian economy as well as to the strength of KASFA and NASFAM. Finally, we see the story of KASFA and the Malawian rice farmers as providing vital evidence that fair trade together with very modest interventions, and without the introduction of high carbon modes of agriculture, it is possible to increase the livelihoods and productivity of smallholder farmers. This enables the smallholder farmers to stay on their land and have a reasonable life. That s what people want to do. We have seen all too graphically in the last few weeks what happens when people cannot stay in their own lands. By staying on their land and growing a quality crop, they can both contribute to meeting growing world demands for food and do so in a way which does not damage the planet: properly sustainable economics.

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