Low Tunnels for early vegetable producdon and high profits
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1 Low Tunnels for early vegetable producdon and high profits Mathieu Ngouajio Rebekah Struck Ron Goldy Michigan State University Masters Research Project of R. Struck GLVWG 2011
2 Importance to Michigan Vegetable Industry Lengthen limited growing season ProtecDon from wind and cool temperatures Plant and Harvest Sooner Get higher market prices
3 Growing Season in Michigan Minimum Air Temperature ( o C) F Absolute frost free period about 120 days Julian Days Short growing season for warm season species Benton Harbor Minimum Temp
4 Market Price for Cucumber Dollars per 1 1/9 Bushel Cartons Average Market Price in Michigan Price Drops by $9.00 on July 16, 2010 Weekly Dates
5 Market Prices for Tomato Dollars per 25 lb. Carton Average Market Price On August 8 the Price Drops by $5.00 since July 16. Weekly Dates No Market Price for MI Grow Tomato UnDl 7/22/10!
6 Study conduced in 2010 No Cover No Cover Clear Single Layer White Single Layer Clear Double Layer White Double Layer
7 Perforated plas?c row cover Spun- woven row cover C B C B C B A A A Double Layer (Row cover + plas?c) Single Layer (Plas?c) No cover A: Soil temperature sensor at 4 (10 cm)deep. (All Reps) B: Air Temp + RH at 6 (15.24 cm) above the bed (All Reps) C: Light sensor at 10 (25.4 cm) above the bed (2 nd replica?on only)
8 Date April 22, 2010 May 24, 2010 May 28, 2010 June 4, 2010 June 10, 2010 AcDvity Tomato Transplants and cucumber seeds were planted on black mulch raised bed Installed temperature, rela?ve humidity, and light sensors Installed low tunnels Removed low tunnels Replanted missing cucumber plants within all treatments Replanted tomato transplants in the normal plan?ng date control treatments Pruning of tomato Sensors removed Thinned cucumber plants to 2 plants per hole
9 Air Temperature o F Minimum Air Temperatures April 28, 2010 May 10, 2010 Frost Date No Cover Clear Single White Single Clear Double White Double Summary The double layer system increased air temp. by about 4 o F during frost events.
10 # of Degree Days Total Growing Degree Days No Cover Clear Single White Single Clear Double White Double Summary Double layer treatment has almost twice as many cumuladve growing degree days compared to the No cover treatment. Dates
11 PAR Light (um/m^2s) Average PAR Reading per Treatment No Cover Clear Single White Single Treatment Clear Double White Double Summary The Clear plasdc transmits more light then the White plasdc.
12 No Cover (Early PlanDng ) Frost and Wind Damage are very apparent. Clear Single Layer
13 Study conducted in 2010 Clear Single Layer No Cover (Early PlanDng ) Frost and Wind Damage are very apparent.
14 No Cover (Early PlanDng) Clear Single Layer
15 Cucumber Yield Total Marketable Yield of Cucumber No Cover (Normal PlanDng Date) Treatment First Harvest Date Weight (kg) No Cover Clear Single White Single Clear Double White Double No Cover (Normal) Harvest Date
16 Speedway Cucumbers Low Tunnels Treatments Planted April 22 First Harvest was June 24 No Cover Treatment Planted May 24 First Harvest was July 6 (Fourth harvest for Low Tunnel treatments)
17 Revenue for Cucumber Revenue (Dollars) Revenue for Cucumber No Cover Clear Single White Single Clear Double White Double Treatment No Cover (Normal) Low tunnels increase revenue up to $11.
18 Tomato Yield Weight (kg) Total Marketable Yield of Tomato No Cover Clear Single White Single Clear Double White Double No Cover (Normal) No Cover (Normal PlanDng Date) First Harvest Date /16/2010 7/23/2010 7/30/2010 8/6/2010 8/13/2010 8/20/2010 Harvest Dates
19 Mountain Spring Tomatoes Low Tunnels Treatments Planted April 22 First Harvest was July 16 No Cover Treatment Planted May 28 First Harvest was July 30 (Fich harvest for Low Tunnel treatments)
20 Revenue for Tomato Revenue (Dollars) Tomato Revenue Per Treatment No Cover Clear Single White Single Clear Double White Double No Cover (Normal) Treatment Low tunnels increase revenue between $18 - $35.
21 Summary of 2010 Study Best Frost ProtecDon/ Most Growing Degree Days Clear Double Layer Treatment Best Yield/ Revenue for Cucumber Clear Single Layer Treatment Best Yield/Revenue for Tomato White Double Layer Treatment
22 Summary of 2010 Study Revenue Defined as the money made before deducdons for costs and over head. Know that low tunnels benefit. Need to factor in low tunnel materials and labor costs. 22
23 Acknowledgements Support for studies was provided in part by L. H. Piggof & Girls Family Farm / Farm Market and the Michigan Agricultural Experiment StaDon. Thanks to Dave Francis and all students for their technical assistance.
24 QuesDons?
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