From MDGs to SDGs: Addressing Zero Hunger Challenge in LDCs

Transcription

1 From MDGs to SDGs: Addressing Zero Hunger Challenge in LDCs Dr. Xuan LI Senior Policy Officer Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations Third session of the Committee on Macroeconomic Policy, Poverty Reduction and Inclusive Development, 1-3 December 2015, ESCAP Bangkok, Thailand, 3 December

2 Outline I. MDGs: Hunger status II. III. SDGs: Zero Hunger challenge LDCs: How to Eradicate Hunger? 2

3 I. MDGs: Hunger status 3

4 1.1. State of Food Insecurity in the World MDG1c progress To reduce the proportion of hunger people by half before 2015 Prevalence of Undernourishment PoU (% of population)

5 Undernourishment: decline slower 795 million people estimated to be suffering from chronic hunger in , down 100 million in the last decade. 72 countries achieved MDG1c; 29 countries achieved WFS.

6 Latin America and the Caribbean, 6.8% Despite progress in East & SE Asia, North Africa, 0.6% Western Asia, 0.8% South Eastern Asia, 13.6% most hunger still in Asia Caucasus and Central Asia, 0.9% Oceania, 0.1% North Africa, 1.6% Developed Western Asia, regions, 2.0% 2.3% Latin America and the Caribbean, 4.6% South Eastern Asia, 7.9% Southern Asia, 28.8% Eastern Asia, 20.0% Caucasus and Central Asia, 0.7% Oceania, 0.2% Southern Asia, 34.3% Developed regions, 1.8% Eastern Asia, 29.1% Sub Saharan Africa, 17.3% Sub Saharan Africa, 26.6% Total = 1015 million Total = 805 million

7 Undernourishment in Asia and Pacific

8 Malnutrition: still widespread Undernutrition among children under 5 years of age Source: UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. (UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC; 2012)

9 1.2. Malnutrition Malnutrition major challenges: Undernutrition - macronutrients Undernourishment - (hunger) Hunger estimates narrow, conservative - micronutrient [minerals, vitamins] deficiencies ( hidden hunger ) Overnutrition: obesity -> noncommunicable diseases

10 Undernutrition: declining, but not fast enough

11 Obesity and Overweight in A&P 11

12 II. SDGs: Zero Hunger Challenge 12

13 SDGs 1. Poverty 9. Infrastructure and industry 2. Food security, nutrition, 10. Inequality sustainable agriculture 3. Health 11. Sustainable cities 4. Education 12. Sustainable consumption and production 5. Gender 13. Climate change 6. Water 14. Marine ecosystems 7. Energy 15. Terrestrial ecosystems 8. Growth and employment 16. Peace and justice 17. Means of implementation and global partnership

14 SDGs What s New MDGs Goal: Reduction in half SDGs Goal: Reduction to zero Mainly for Developing Countries 8 siloed goals for development Universal For ALL countries: Developing/Developed, South/North 17 goals and 169 targets integrating 3 dimensions of sustainable development From UN Secretariat Means of Implementation (MoI), monitoring and follow-up not defined in advance Negotiated by Member States with stronger country ownership MoI intergovernmentally negotiated, global architecture and monitoring system being shaped

15 SDGs and Zero Hunger Challenge Corresponding to Post 2015 SDGs (No. 2 and No. 12).

16 2.2. Food Security: Four Dimensions Food Security (1) Food availability (2) Food access (4) Stability (3) Food utilization

17 Food Security : A System

18 LDCs: Food security challenge Four dimensions of food security Challenge Food availability Low agricultural productivity; lack of diversification Food access Food utilization Stability Uneven Undernutrition & overnutrition; poor food safety Price Volatility 18

19 III. LDCs: How to Eradicate Hunger? 19

20 3.1. Improving food availability: How? Increase Productivity Natural Resource Management Crop/livestock/fishe ry breeding and diversification Conventional and modern technology agroecological approach Overcome waterrelated constraints Manage soil fertility Address climate change Invest in pro-poor agricultural research Manage food losses and waste Manage land tenure Global Important Agriculture Heritage System

21 3.2. Improving food access: How? Social Protection Mexico Oportunidades (Mexico) 10% reduction in poverty headcount ratio, poverty gap down by 30% SA social transfers reduced poverty gap by 48% EU

22 3.3. Improving food utilization: How? Nutrition Food safety address all forms of malnutrition Public standard Ensure healthy diets throughout the life course Diversifying crop production -Healthier diets need better food systems Raise the profile of nutrition Private standard PPP Enable multi-sectoral coordination on food safety (agri, food, Health, education, environment etc) Enable multi-sectoral coordination on nutrition (agri, Health, education, rural dev, water etc) Means of enforcement

23 3.4. Improving stability: How? Food supply stability Building early warning system and insurance scheme on climate change adaptation Managing domestic production and imports Improve infrastructure Food price stability Monitoring agricultural market information Manage speculation

24 3.5. Recommendations Political will - Placing FSN on the top agenda Political commitme nt -to eradicate hunger by 2030 Food security (1) Food Availability (2) Food access (3) Food Utilization Recommendations Increase productivity Sustainable food production Increase number of varieties Manage food waste and losses Monitor food access at household level targeting Strengthen food access at family level - Social protection Micronutrient; hidden hunger Food safety Policy multisectoral coordination (4) Stability Food supply stability Food price stability

25 Thank you for your attention! 25