Crop Insect Losses Working Group
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1 Arizona Spring Melon Insect Losses Workshop Crop Insect Loss and Impact Assessment Working Group July 2, 2007 Crop Insect Losses Working Group Goal: To provide information on insecticide-use patterns, insect-related losses and management costs in Arizona vegetable crops. Information traditionally provided using expert opinion. Improve the process with real world data. Primarily incorporates data from PCAs, Growers, and Agrichemical Industry. 1
2 Why is this Information Important? Regulatory Section 18 Emergency Exemptions / 24C SLN Defense and Support of older A.I.s (ie. Lannate) FQPA: next go-around endosulfan / pyrethroids Academic Documents the role of new insecticides Quantitative measure of impact of IPM Historic record of insect losses / outbreaks Identifies and prioritizes pest problems Why is this Information Important? Industry Translates the PCAs job into economic terms Validates the necessity of PCA to the vegetable industry Emphasizes the significance of insect pests and their management in desert vegetable production Demonstrates value of new pest control technologies 2
3 Part x 7/2/2007 Yuma / Imperial Responses for Spring Melons: x 7/2/2007 Yuma / Imperial
4 Percent (%) Reductions in Yield x 6/ 28/ 2006 Yuma / Imperial % 7.5 % 2.3 % 3.8 % 1.1 % 0.3 % 9.3 % 9.0 % 3.8 % 2.8 % 0.3 % 0 % Salt, poor crop management, bad market 0.3 % 0.4 % Insecticide Applications 70 % 58 % $ 9.00 $
5 Insecticide Applications 70 % 58 % $ 9.00 $ % 100 % $ $13.60 Insect Management Fees 100 % 100 % $ $
6 Part 2. Insecticide Treated Acres and Insect Losses Part % 100% 80.2% 100% 6
7 Part % 100% 80.2% 100% 1 2 Part % 100% 80.2% 100% 1 2 $ $
8 Part % 100% 80.2% 100% 1 2 $ $ % 1% CYSDV - Yuma Ag Center October 13 (60 DAP) 8
9 April 29,
10 May 14, 2007 Part % 0 % 1 0 $12.50 $ % 30 % 1 1 $63.00 $
11 Major pests in Treated Acres and No. of Sprays Cantaloupes Watermelons Cabbage looper 80.2 % acres treated 1.1 sprays Whiteflies 64.7 % acres treated 1.3 sprays Whiteflies 100 % acres treated 2.0 sprays Cabbage Looper 100 % acres treated 1.7 sprays Major pests in % Reduction in Yield Cantaloupes Watermelons Cabbage looper 1.1 % loss Seed corn maggot 0.8% loss Whiteflies 1.3 % loss Cabbage Looper <0.1% loss 11
12 Part 3. Insecticide Use Survey 12.7 % % % 1 12
13 13
14 Overall Crop Losses (%) Cantaloupes ( ) Central Arizona Yuma 26.2 % 23.2 % 0 Weather Chemical Injury Weeds Disease Insects Birds Other Overall Crop Losses (%) Watermelons ( ) Central Arizona Yuma 25.4 % 20.5 % 0 Weather Chemical Injury Weeds Disease Insects Birds Other 14
15 Insect Management Costs Cost ($) of IPM Insect Management Costs Cost ($) of IPM IPM Central AZ Melons Yuma Acreage scouted (%) No. field visits / week Cost ($) / acre $ $
16 Economic Losses ($) Control costs ($) Application frequency (No.) Acres treated (%) 16
17 17
18 Seedling pests Seedling Pests Darkling beetles Beet armyworm Cantaloupes Economic Losses ($) Cantaloupes Central Arizona Yuma Whitefly Darkling beetle Seedcorn maggot Cabbage looper Leafminers Seedling pests Whitefly Cabbage looper Seedcorn maggot Seedling pests Beet armyworm Aphids $ 51 $ Dollar ($) Loss / Treated Acre (Treated acres*no. sprays*control cost) 18
19 Economic Losses ($) Watermelons Watermelons Central Arizona Yuma Whitefly Cabbage looper Beet armyworm Spider mites Darkling beetle Seedling pests Whitefly Cabbage looper Beet armyworm Leafminers Spider mites Aphids $ 105 $ Dollar ($) Loss / Treated Acre (Treated acres*no. sprays*control cost) Yield Losses (%) Stand loss Reduced fruit size Uniformity Fruit quality Contamination Application costs Insecticide costs Spray frequency Acres treated 19
20 Yield Cantaloupes Losses (%) Cantaloupes Central Arizona Yuma Seedcorn maggot Darkling beetle Seedling pests Whitefly Cabbage looper Cabbage looper Whitefly Seedcorn maggot Seedling pests Beet armyworm Leafminers 2.9 % 2.3 % Yield Loss (%) Yield Losses (%) Cantaloupes Watermelons Central Arizona Yuma Beet armyworm Whitefly Spider mites Whitefly Cabbage looper Beet armyworm Cabbage looper Seedling pests Darkling beetle 1.6 % 1.8 % Yield Loss (%) 20
21 Insecticide Use Insecticide Use Central Arizona Cantaloupes Yuma Diazinon Endosulfan Pyrethroids Imidacloprid Success Agri-Mek Bt Courier Intrepid Oberon Treated Acres (% Treated acres * No. sprays) 21
22 Diazinon Watermelons Watermelons Insecticide Use Central Arizona Yuma Endosulfan Pyrethroids Imidacloprid Success Agri-Mek Bt Courier Intrepid Oberon Treated Acres (% Treated acres * No. sprays)) Relevant Outcomes Head Lettuce Regulatory FQPA (Lannate) Section 18 (Birds) Academic Industry 22
23 Lannate / Larvin Use in Head Lettuce Feb 2007 Questions posed by USDA OPMP for the Carbamate Cumulative Risk assessment conducted by the EPA. 1. Typical use rates 2. Typical no. of applications 3. Timing of applications 4. Would both be applied to same crop in same growing season? 5. If so, how often? The concerns involve drinking water. Apparently thiodicarb breaks down into 2 molecules of methomyl and this is complicating the risk analysis as both products can be used on the same crops; head lettuce and sweet corn being of the most concern. 23
24 Relevant Outcomes Head Lettuce Regulatory FQPA (Lannate) Section 18 (Birds) Academic Cost-effectiveness of IPM Relevancy of Insecticides Research Priorities Industry 24
25 25
26 Relevant Outcomes Head Lettuce Regulatory FQPA (Lannate) Section 18 (Birds) Academic Baseline Data for Education Relevancy of Insecticides Research Priorities Industry Trends in Chemical Use Red Flags Future Trends in Insect Management 26
27 Insecticide Use Fall Head Lettuce Pyrethroids (Foliar) Success Admire Intrepid Pyrethroids (Chem) Lannate Diazinon (Chem.) Proclaim Avaunt Endosulfan % Treated Acres (No. times applied) 27
28 Insecticide Use By Chemical Class Head Lettuce 300,000 Fall Lettuce Spring Lettuce 250, , , ,000 50,000 Reduced Risk Pyrethroid Neonicotinoid OP/Carb Endosulfan Insecticide Use By Chemical Class Cantaloupes Central AZ Yuma Treated Acres Reduced Risk Pyrethroid Neonicotinoid OP/Carb Endosulfan 28
29 Insecticide Use By Chemical Class Watermelons Central AZ Yuma Treated Acres Reduced Risk Pyrethroid Neonicotinoid OP/Carb Endosulfan 29
30 Trends in New Product and Chemistry Development in Desert Vegetable Crops Radiant Alverde Tesoro * Movento Proclaim Coragen Platinum * Synapse Knack Fulfill * Courier * Avaunt Venom Provado Confirm Assail Oberon Admire Success Intrepid Beleaf * * * Confirm Neonicotinoids Pyridine-IGR Thiadiazine-IGR Diacylhydrazine-IGR Spinosyns * Pyridyl azomethine Oxadiazine Reduced Risk * * Ketoenols Pyridyl caboxomide Semicarbozone Pyridalyl Diamides Trends in New Product & Chemistry Development in Desert Vegetable Crops Radiant Alverde Tesoro Movento Coragen Proclaim Platinum * Knack Fulfill Synapse * Courier * Avaunt Venom Confirm Assail Oberon Admire Success Intrepid Beleaf * * * Confirm * * * Neonicotinoids Reduced Risk * Pyridine-IGR Thiadiazine-IGR Diacylhydrazine-IGR Spinosyns Pyridyl azomethine Oxadiazine Ketoenols Pyridyl caboxomide Semicarbozone Pyridalyl Diamides 30
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