CROP BULLETIN CONTENT

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1 Crop Reporting Service, Punjab VOLUME-II, ISSUE-8, SERIAL #20 CONTENT Crop Situation Summary July, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI Graph) at Divisional Level, July, Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) Growth Profile at Division Level (July 2015 GLAM MAP) 3-6 August, 2015 CROP BULLETIN OVERTURE Kharif Crops Situation Plant Mapping of cotton crop 7 CRS, the Wing of Agriculture Department Punjab, is responsible for estimation of Area, Production and Average yield of Agricultural Crops in the Province. The acreage and the yield of major and minor crops are estimated through objective sample surveys, conducted in 1240 randomly selected village all over the province. Estimates of other minor crops are compiled through subjective methods based on input use, farmer s interviews and assessment make by the field staff. Crop estimates indicating area and production of all major and minor crops are released according to crop forecast calendar designed in conformity with the requirement of the Federal Government. The Crop Reporting Service is also working in GIS & RS technology with the collaboration of Fertilizer consumption in Kharif Irrigation water supply month wise canal withdrawal (Kharif 2015) 8 Tarbela and Mangla dame water inflow and outflow 9 Average maximum & minimum Temperature & Rainfall for the Month of July, Whether summary for the month of July, Normally expected weather during August, 2015 FAO, SUPARCO. The other collaborating partner are. Agriculture Extension Agriculture Policy Institute, Islamabad Pakistan Bureau of Statistics National Food Security & Research Bureau of Statistics Punjab Revenue Department Punjab Agriculture Marketing 17 ISLAMABAD ATTOCK RAWALPINDI JHELUM CHAKWAL GUJRAT MIANWALI SIALKOT MANDI BAHAUDDIN NAROWAL KHUSHAB GUJRANWALA SARGODHA HAFIZABAD SHEIKHUPURA BHAKKAR CHINIOT LAHORE NANKANA SAHIB FAISALABAD JHANG KASUR LEIAH TOBA TEK SINGH OKARA SAHIWAL MUZAFFARGARH D.G. KHAN KHANEWAL PAKPATTAN MULTAN VEHARI BAHAWALNAGAR LODHRAN RAJANPUR RAHIM YAR KHAN PUNJAB PROVINCE Directorate of Agriculture Crop Reporting Service, Punjab, Lahore Ph: , Web: crs.agripunjab.gov.pk, dacrspunjab@hotmail.com Designed By: AM. Abrar BAHAWALPUR

2 CRS CROP BULLETIN CROPS SITUATION JULY,2015 +SUMMARY During the month of July, 2015 heavy monsoon rains have triggered flash floods across Pakistan. Widespread rainfall of moderate to heavy intensity was reported across Punjab, Kyber Paktunkhwa, Gilgit Baltistan, Kashmir, Sindh and northeastern Balochistan. However, the western & coastal area of Balochistan did not receive any rainfall during the month. Crop Reporting Service, Punjab has been keeping close watch on the crop situation throughout the crop season. Crop reporters are visiting the the fields time to time and observe the crop situation in the randomly selected sample villages in the Punjab. The vegetation index (NDVI) increasing values in the month of July, 2015 shows the active growth of kharif Crops. The Crop Reporting service released the Sugarcane estimate. The area of sugarcane crop is placed at 1733 '000' acres as compared to 1756 '000' acres. Which shows decrease of 1.31% over the last year. The standing and growth conditions of crop are reported good because of sufficient rain received during the month. The light attack of Top borer has been observed/reported in Faisalabad division at places. The standing position of cotton crop is reported satisfactory in general. However, it is reported that torrent rains and flood affecting the cotton crop in south region of the Punjab. The Agriculture department is working on promotion of Moong crop in the Punjab. It has been reported that the excessive rain fall is affecting the growth of the moong crop to some extent. The main growing districts of moong crop are Bahakkar, ianwali and Layyah. The sowing of the Mash crop is completed. The main growing districts of mash crop are Rawalpndi, Sialkot and Narowal. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) July, 2015 showes that it has started increasing trend after touching the lowest value in the month of July (Growth of Kharif crops). July remains generally hot and wet in Pakistan. During this July, in general, the moisture condition of soil and atmosphere remained above normal in most of the agricultural plains of the country due to normal/ above normal rainfall received in different parts of the country, which has produced good atmospheric conditions for the growth of standing crops. Punjab. The evapotranspiration (ETo) remained normal to below normal in most of the agricultural Plaines of the country. The mean daily Relative Humidity (R.H) remained normal to above normal in most of the agricultural plains of the Punjab. The day time temperature represented by mean maximum also remained normal to below normal by 1-3 C in most of the agricultural plains of the country. From the general analysis of soil behavior it is concluded that soil moisture condition is better all over the country due to above normal rains received during the month 1 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

3 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Crop Growth Profile at Divisional Level July,2015 MODIS NDVI shows low vegetation due to harvesting of wheat & other rabi crops. 2 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

4 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Crop Growth Profile At Divisional Level July,2015 Rawalpindi Division Sargodha Division 3 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

5 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Crop Growth Gujranwala Division Profile at Divisional Level July,2015 Lahore Division 4 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

6 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Crop Growth Profile at Divisional Level July,2015 Faisalabad Division Multan Division 5 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

7 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Crop Growth D.G.Khan Division Profile at Divisional Level July,2015 Bahawalpur Division 6 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

8 KHARIF CROPS SITUATION (Field Work) COTTON The standing position of the crop is reported satisfactory in general. However, it is reported that torrent rains and flood affecting the cotton crop in south region of the Punjab. The vegetative growth is also observed and reported due to excessive rains. The picking of early sown cotton crop is in progress. The attack of sucking pest (White Fly, Jassid, Thrips etc) in pockets has been reported. SUGARCANE The standing and growth conditions of crop are reported good because of sufficient rain received during the fortnight. The light attack of Top borer has been observed/reported in Faisalabad division at places. The farmers are applying granules to control pest/insect attack. RICE The transplantation of Rice crop remained is in progress. Flood and heavy rains is reported affecting the transplantation process. The germination and growth of Basmati and Coarse varieties are reported satisfactory so far. MAIZE (AUTUMN) The sowing of Maize (autumn) is in progress. The germination/growth of crop is reported satisfactory. MOONG It has been reported that the excessive rain fall is affecting the growth of the crop. The area under this crop has increased as the Government is providing subsidized seed to the growers for its promotion. The main growing districts of Moong are Bhakhar, Mianwali, and Layyah districts. MASH The sowing of the crop has completed. The germination and growth of the crop is reported satisfactory. Source : CRS Pb PLANT MAPPING OF COTTON CROP Plant mapping survey for cotton crop is being conducted in sample mouzas on every fortnightly from for charting of plant sketch through scientific observations measuring age of cotton plant, plant height, number of plants,fertilizer used, number of irrigations applied, number of fruiting branches and the number of fruiting positions on all fruiting branches etc. The second observation recoded on 31st of July,2015 shows cotton crop is late sown as compared to last year, plants per acre are % less than last year, plants height is % less than last year, bolls per plant are increased by 5.08%, average irrigations decreased by %. 7 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

9 FERTILIZER Fertilizers do not only assist in increasing yields and promoting healthy growth of plants but also in their development. They contain nitrogen which acts as a growth booster which can be characterized by the green color of plants. Phosphorus substance in fertilizers aids in the faster formation of seeds and root development. The availability of Nitrogen and Phosphate fertilizers remains normal in the month of July, Source: NDFC, AE&AR IRRIGATION WATER SUPPLY SITUATION Timely availability of water greatly influences the crop production and yields. In order to meet the agricultural needs, adequate and timely availability of water is an essential pre-requisite. The average uses of Water in Kharif season in the Punjab is about MAF and Punjab share based on forecast of water availability is The canal water supply during July, 2015 is MAF as compared to last year MAF shows a decrease of 1969 %. 8 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

10 WATER INFLOW, OUTFLOW AND LEVEL OF TARBELA AND MANGLA DAMS ARE SHOWN BELOW. Source: Pb Irrigation Dpt. 9 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

11 AGRO-MET CONDITIONS JULY, 2015 Agromet Normals of Kharif Crops MAP: CRS,Pb Source: PMD 10 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

12 AGRO-MET CONDITIONS JULY, 2015 MAP: CRS,Pb Source: PMD 11 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

13 AGRO-MET CONDITIONS JULY, 2015 MAP: CRS,Pb Source: PMD 12 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

14 WEATHER SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OF JULY, 2015 July remains generally hot and wet in Pakistan. During this July, in general, the moisture condition of soil and atmosphere remained above normal in most of the agricultural plains of the country due to normal/ above normal rainfall received in different parts of the country, which has produced good atmospheric conditions for the growth of standing crops. The highest amount of rainfall in the month was reported 522mm in Islamabad followed by 521mm in Murree, 419mm in Kotli and 389mm in Mithi. Number of rainy days recorded in agricultural plains of the country ranged from 1to 25. Maximum number of rainy days was recorded 25 in Kakul followed by 24 days in Rawalakot, Murree, Mangla and Kotli each. The evaporative demand of the atmosphere represented by reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) remained normal to below normal in most of the agricultural Plaines of the country. The highest value of ETo was estimated in Tandojam during the month. The mean daily Relative Humidity (R.H) remained normal to above normal in most of the agricultural plains of the country in upper half including KPK and Punjab and observed slightly below normal in in Sindh and Balochistan. Maximum value of mean Relative humidity was observed 73% at Lahore, followed by 71% at Rawalpindi. Maximum number of days with mean R.H greater or equal to 80% was observed for 11 days at Lahore followed by 6 days at Khanpur. The combined impact of slightly below normal relative ETo and above normal humidity along with above normal rains during the month has produced normal growing conditions for standing crops. However hot and wet conditions sometime favor pests attack on standing crops, especially in sugarcane and cotton growing areas. Reports of pest attacks have already been reported on cotton in certain areas. Therefore farmers must be careful about timely and proper use of pesticides to avoid/minimize such losses during monsoon season. Temperature Regime during June, 2015 Temperature plays vital role in the growth and development of crops. Thermal regime in this month remained normal to slightly below normal (1-2 C) in most of the agricultural plains of the country. Mean daily temperature rounded to 31 C in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, C in Potohar plateau, in remaining parts of Punjab it ranged 30 to 32 C, in Sindh it ranged 32 to 34 C, in Gilgit Baltistan region it ranged 23 to 27 C and it was rounded to 28 C in the high elevated agricultural plains of Baluchistan represented by Quetta valley. The day time temperature represented by mean maximum also remained normal to below normal by 1-3 C in most of the agricultural plains of the country. The highest maximum temperature was recorded 47.5 C at Turbat. Maximum number of stress days with maximum temperature greater or equal to 40 C and R.H. less than or equal to 30% was recorded 1 day at Gilgit. Agricultural soils showed normal to cooler trend in most of the agricultural plains of the country. Agricultural soils showed more significant drop in soil temperature in Potohar region and central Punjab. Significant drop in soil temperature at each station was observed at shallow layers than deep soils. From the general analysis of soil behavior it is concluded that soil moisture condition is better all over the country due to above normal rains received during the month. Coming monsoon rains may further improve soil moisture condition in the country. Solar Radiation and Wind Regime during May, 2015 Total bright sunshine hours and solar radiation intensity remained below normal in most of the agricultural plains of the country. Mean wind speed throughout agricultural plains of the country ranged between 1 to 14km/h with Northeast and South to Southwest trend. 13 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

15 WEATHER SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OF JULY, 2015 Source:PMD 14 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

16 WEATHER SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OF JULY, 2015 Source:PMD 15 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

17 SUMMARY FOR THE MONTH OF JULY, 2015 Source:PMD 16 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20

18 NORMALLY EXPECTED WEATHER DURING AUGUST, 2015 During August monsoon rain bearing systems will produce precipitation. These rains are of immense importance for the farmers in relation to present and future crop requirements. In the absence of proper land management, the intense rains may erode the upper soil layers and fertility of the soil would be badly affected. If soil and moisture conservation measures are exercised, the farmers of the area could be benefited through available moisture for sowing and early growth of Rabi crops. Due to weaker pace of monsoon this year, the rain are expected to remain 30% below normal in most of the agricultural plains of Pakistan with occasionally heavy rains in some parts. The evaporative demand of the atmosphere would decrease as compared to July due to increased cloudiness, less solar radiation intensity and increase level of humidity. ETo values would range from 4 to 7 mm/day. The maximum ETo values would take place over agricultural areas along 30 latitude of the country. The mean daily relative humidity is expected to range from 60 to 75% except high agricultural plains of Baluchistan where it may be around 40%. The mean daily temperatures may range between 31 and 33 C over Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, central and southern Punjab, Northern Punjab and high agricultural plains of Baluchistan may experience it from 26 to 29 C. The mean maximum would be in upper 30 C and mean minimum in upper 20 C except high agricultural plains of Baluchistan where it would be around 18 C. The occurrence of hygrothermal stress is not expected because of higher humidity level. The upper soil layers would be slightly cooler than July due to relatively cooler crop environment. The daily bright sunshine duration during August is expected to range between 8 and 10 hrs throughout the country. The solar intensity will vary from 20 to 24 MJ/M2/day. Mean daily wind speeds will range between 3 and 12 Km/hr. The prevailing wind direction may vary form East to South. Among the Kharif crops, most important crops are rice, cotton and sugarcane. All of them may be approaching their reproductive stage of development, i.e., the period of maximum water demand. Due to rains in northern parts of the country, soil moisture will be surplus in northern Punjab and adjoining KPK. Monthly weather outlook for August, 2015 Output of the Combined General Circulation Model (CGCM) is downscaled to obtain the seasonal forecast. Normal to above Normal ( ) precipitation is expected in most of the agricultural plains of the country including Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Potohar region and central parts of Punjab, Gilgit Baltistan region, central and lower parts of Sindh and parts of northwest Baluchistan. Whereas slightly below normal rains are expected in agricultural plains of southern Punjab, most parts of Baluchistan and upper Sindh during the month. 17 CRS, Pb. Crop Bulletin August, 2015-Vol-II, Issue 8, Serial # 20