Renovation with new cultivars: Thoughts on their establishment and management

Transcription

1 University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Cranberry Station Extension meetings Cranberry Station Outreach and Public Service Activities 2017 Renovation with new cultivars: Thoughts on their establishment and management Nicholi Vorsa Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Agriculture Commons Recommended Citation Vorsa, Nicholi, "Renovation with new cultivars: Thoughts on their establishment and management" (2017). Cranberry Station Extension meetings Retrieved from This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Cranberry Station Outreach and Public Service Activities at Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cranberry Station Extension meetings by an authorized administrator of Amherst. For more information, please contact

2 Renova'on with new cul'vars: thoughts on their establishment and management Mullica Queen 773 bbl/ac Nicholi Vorsa P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research & Extension Rutgers University Chatsworth, NJ

3 Bed planted with Stevens vines May 5, 2013 Genetic Erosion in Cranberry Beds

4 Off-types found in McFarlin Searles Howes Ben Lear Early Black Lemunyon Crowley Pilgrim Stevens Bergman

5 Non-produc've types with a propensity for runnering can out muscle a produc've variety Barren berry in WI Searles beds male berry in MA Howes beds Non-flowering Early Blacks in NJ beds bad McFarlin in WA low flower produc'on, sterility

6 Cranberry s ability to propagate vegeta2vely Blessing or Bain?

7 Nature of cranberries Fruit set is stress on the plant! Fruit Production Competition for Resources Runnering High Nitrogen Environment Genetically sterile genotypes

8 Once a bed is contaminated with low produc'on off-type(s) there is NOTHING you can do to increase produc'on The ONLY remedy is to REPLANT with a produc've 100% variety

9 ...and things to keep in mind when sourcing field grown cranberry vines If a bed is a varietal mixture, most likely it will lead to poorer produc'on bed Prunings may not be representa've of the varietal composi'on of producing uprights Even with mowings the new bed during establishment 1 st - 5 th years might lose gene'c produc'vity poten'al

10 Concerns to keep in mind in renova2on Make sure your vine source is 100% gene'cally pure Bed prepara'on (soil type) Rapid bed establishment (high nutri'on) Disease management with high N inputs (early rot leaf drop) Prevent frui'ng first establishment years

11 Gene'c purity - 100% gene'cally pure Note: cranberry has no official cer'fied propaga'on system as established in other crops Get propaga'on materials from reputable source Rooted cuangs Mowings Prunings?

12 DNA fingerprin2ng best way to assure gene2cs Crimson Queen Demoranville Mullica Queen

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14 - virus indexed for known blueberry & cranberry viruses, e.g. TSV, BlScV, BlsV, BlShV DNA fingerprinted - mowings from beds from breeder s stock material

15 Recent cul2vars Rutgers Crimson Queen Demoranville Mullica Queen Scarlet Knight Haines Welker Wisconsin HyRed - UW Sundance - UW Grygleski#1 Valley Corp. BGs - Valley Corp. Midnight - Valley Corp. Granite - Valley Corp.

16 Human/management causes Plan'ng contaminated vines No cer2fica2on program in cranberry Greenhouse mislabeling Incomplete elimina'on of old plan'ng during renova2on Slow/poor establishment of new cul2var e.g. allowing new cul2var to fruit before full coverage Re-establishment of areas which have died with off-type vines

17 soil type Sand Peat Muck organic sands

18 Drainage!!! Drainage influences Water rela'ons Nutri'on Root diseases (phytopthora) Fruit rot

19 Herbicides? Casoron Callisto Devrinol Callisto applied 4 weeks aier plan'ng

20 Light sanding aier first year to s'mulate uprights 1 st year - promote runnering 2 nd year roo'ng runners to s'mulate upright produc'on

21 100% yield poten2al - Gene2c purity essen2al?

22 STEVENS SCAR DNA Fingerprints Stevens control Canada 2008 Farm A Canada 2008 Farm B

23 Fairy Ring

24 The disease increases host genetic diversity n n n Plants were DNA fingerprinted. Calculated AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance). Genetic diversity is 2-4 times higher in the affected areas Off-types in affected area outside inside

25 Where do off-types come from? Vegeta'vely aggressive contaminants in ini2al propaga2on materials Self seeding Unharvested fruit Seeds from local na'ves Seed from berries that float in during flood, animal dropping

26 2008 DNA fingerprinting study of 20 Stevens in Washington State Stevens beds in Washington State have variable produc2vity We DNA fingerprinted sampled 20 Stevens beds ranging in produc2vity from 60 bb/ac to 400 bbl/ac

27 As frequency of off-types yield 20 Stevens beds in WA

28 2008 Washington State Stevens SCAR Mix 2 ST Bed 1 Bed 2 Stevens standard

29 Acknowledgements DNA fingerprin'ng support Dr. Joe Deverna, OSC, Inc. Dr. Kim Palen, WSU Kevin Talbot, OSC., Inc. Funding Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. USDA-CSREES New Jersey Agric. Exp. Sta.