Impact of Globalization on Plant Health and the IPPC Strategies

Transcription

1 The International Plant Protection Convention Impact of Globalization on Plant Health and the IPPC Strategies Dr. Jingyuan XIA, IPPC Secretary April 2018, Paris, France

2 What is Globalization? Interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments Driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology Affects environment, culture, political systems, economic development and human physical well-being in societies around the world.

3 Outline 1. Challenges and Benefits of Globalization 2. Dual Impacts of Globalization 3. IPPC Strategic Directions 4. Conclusion Remarks

4 1. Challenges and Benefits of Globalization: Movement of agricultural goods (1) From , the value of global agricultural exports nearly tripled, while agricultural exports increased by about 60 percent in volume terms By effect of demographic growth and changes in diets and incomes, demand for food is likely to grow by 70% until 2050 The share of raw commodities in the total value of agricultural exports increased substantially in LDCs in , which should continue to increase Agriculture trade brings risks, as the threat from plant pests increases along with the increase in trade by transmitting plant pests from one country to another

5 Imports of Agricultural Goods Chinese imports of agricultural products Global imports (World) of agricultural products Billion US$ Billion US$ Years Years

6 Exports of Agricultural Goods Chinese exports of agricultural products Global exports (World) of agricultural products Billion US$ Billion US$ Years Years

7 1. Challenges and Benefits of Globalization: Movement of people (2) Today, the number of people living outside their country of birth is larger than at any other time in history, such as the number of people living outside their countries of origin has risen from 120 million in 1990 to an estimated 215 million in 2012 International migrants would now constitute the world's fifth most populous country if they all lived in the same place (UNFPA) WHO reports that globalization appears to be causing changes in the ecological, biological and social conditions that shape the burden of infectious diseases in certain populations, and at the same time when people move they often bring along a local product which may already be infested with a plant pest

8 Movement of Tourists China - Tourism receipts World - Tourism receipts Billion US$ Billion U$ Years Years

9 1. Challenges and Benefits of Globalization: Movement of plant pests (3) Increased risk of pest movements due to increased trade Increased risk of pest spread due to increased tourists Increased risk of peat incidence due to the Climate Change No. regulated pests increased 1-2 per annually in China 1970 s 1980 s 1990 s 2000 s

10 2. Dual Effects of Globalization: on Food security (1) Globalization could positively promote FS by enchaining trade but negatively increased risk of plant pest movement Food crops attacked by over 1,000 species of plant pests Crop losses estimated 10 16% of global harvest annually resulting from damage of plant pests, with economic losses of US$ 220 billion, and over 40% of the world s food supply Yield losses are recovered by 10-30% or even 50% from effective IPM

11 2. Dual Effects of Globalization: on Environmental protection (2) Globalization could negatively impact the environment by Spread of plant pests, more environmental pollution, and exhaustion of natural resources: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the most invasive alien aquatic plant pests in the world, and this pest is invading Madagascar, which was previously the rice fields

12 2. Dual Effects of Globalization: on Safe trade (3) Globalization positively promote the international trade, while negatively cause devastating effects of invasive alien species: Facilitation of safe trade by promoting harmonized scientifically based phytosanitary measures

13 Number of containers (TEU) in use ( ) in NZ Number of containers (millions of TEU) Total container fleet (TEU) Ocean-borne containers (TEU) Land-based containers (TEU) Drewry Maritime Research (2015): data presented by E. Brockerhoff (New Zealand) during CPM-11 (2016)

14 Frequency of contaminating pests at large with sea containers arriving in the USA ( ) Taxon Exterior Interior (empty or full) Refrigeration unit Unknown location (in or on container) Total Plants % Insects and arachnids % Molluscs % Other % Grand Total USDA AQAS PestID database presented by E. Brockerhoff from NZ during CPM-11 (2016)

15 3. IPPC Strategic Directions: Specificities of the IPPC Mission: the IPPC, established in 1952, is an international inter-governmental plant health agreement to protect the world's plant resources from pests Mandate: the IPPC is the only International body for setting and implementing International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) Role: the IPPC, together with CODEX and OIE, is recognized as one of Three Sisters by the WTO-SPS Agreement in agriculture standards

16 NPPOs: 183 National Plant Protection Organizations RPPOs: 10 Regional Plant Protection Organizations (RPPOs), namely APPPC, CFHSA, CAN, COSAVE, EPPO, IAPSC, NAPPO, OIRSA, PPPO, NEPPO IPPC community

17 3. IPPC Strategic Directions: Strategic guidance (1) Five IPPC Annual Themes towards 2020: 2016 Plant Health and Food Security 2017 Plant Health and Trade facilitation 2018 Plant Health and Environmental Protection 2019 Plant Health and Capacity Development 2020 International Year of Plant Health (IYPH 2020) Strategic framework for in process

18 IYPH 2020: Milestone of the IPPC Overall goal of IYPH 2020: To raise awareness of the importance and impacts of plant health in addressing issues of global importance, including hunger, poverty, threats to the environment and economic development Towards IYPH 2020 as follows: CPM 2015 CPM/FAO 2016 FAO 2017 UN 2018 IYPH 2020 You are mostly welcome to support and participate

19 3. IPPC Strategic Directions: Standards harmonization (2) Major activities: Topic pprioritization, Expert input, Technical consultation, and Standard adoption Main outcomes: 94 Standards adopted in (41 ISPMs, 22 Diagnostic Protocols and 31 Phytosanitary Treatments) Number of adopted CPM Recommendations in a year Number of adopted IPPC standards (incl. attachments) in a year Adopted standards grouped by categories Commodity Concept Diagnostics Import / Export Pest Management Pest Status PRA

20 3. IPPC Strategic Directions: Capacity development (3) Implemented all projects on PCE in 114 countries in ;, and organized 84 IPPC Regional Workshops in with 2097 participants from 153 countries PCE in 114 Countries 84 IPPC RW, 2097 participants, 153 countries

21 3. IPPC Strategic Directions: Trade facilitation (4) Developed the IPPC ephyto hub and the generic ephyto national system (GeNS), with testing and demonstration of the ephyto system initialized Established the IPPC Sea Containers Task Force (SCTF), with its first meeting held in Shanghai, China Initialized the IPPC work on ecommerce

22 3. IPPC Strategic Directions: Emergency response (5) Provide the legislation and policy advice Provide the platform for information sharing, such as Phytosanitary Resources page Provide the ttechnical assistance as well as project development and management

23 Emergency Regulated Pests

24 3. IPPC Strategic Directions: International cooperation (6) Category No. Organizations for examples Technical-related 16 Food and Agriculture Organizations (FAO) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Phytosanitary Measures Research Group (PMRG) Trade-related 14 World Trade Organization Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (WTO-SPS) International Maritime Organization (IMO) Environmentrelated World Customs Organization (WCO) 5 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) Ozone (United Nations Environment Program) Resource-related 2 European Commission (EC) Standards and Trade Development Facility (STDF) Others 1 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Total: 38 IPPC cooperation with 38 organizations

25 4. Conclusion Remarks Globalization is good and bad, and without preparation and resources the bad will outweigh the good The IPPC develops and helps implement the tools that can support the good while resisting the bad aspects of globalization Without a good communications framework the good is at risk, and the bad will flourish

26 IPPC Theme for 2018: Plant Health and Environmental Protection Thank you