CHAPTER - IV PROGRESS OF DAIRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA AND TAMILNADU

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "CHAPTER - IV PROGRESS OF DAIRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA AND TAMILNADU"

Transcription

1 87 CHAPTER - IV PROGRESS OF DAIRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA AND TAMILNADU 4.0 Introduction The objective of the present piece of research is to examine the problems and prospects in production and marketing of milk in the district of Kanyakumari. Hence, before examining these issues it becomes pertinent to understand the situation of the dairy industry and factors influencing the overall performance of milk sector at the macro level. The present chapter is directed towards this end. 4.1 Features of Dairying in India Dairying in India is exemplary of smallholder dairying as practiced in much of Asia and Africa with some wrinkles. Like smallholder dairying in general, the Indian milk production sector is characterized by a very large number of very small herds. Milk from small herds is collected immediately after each milking at centralized cooling facilities to maintain a cold chain. Also typical of smallholder dairying, a majority of the milk produced (more than 80 percent) is distributed as drinking milk or home-based manufactured products through an informal marketing system. [Ahluwalia, Montek S. (2005)] 1

2 88 The unique aspects of smallholder dairying in India include: [Banerjee (1994)] 2 Production of milk from buffalo exceeds cow milk production. Buffalo yield less milk than crossbred cows, but are well-adapted to the extreme heat and humidity of India. Moreover, many Indians prefer buffalo milk over cow milk because of its higher butterfat content. Cows are considered sacred in the Hindu religion that predominates in India, and cow slaughter is rare. Some buffalo are slaughtered, but the high incidence of vegetarianism limits domestic markets for buffalo meat. Consequently, cull dairy animals; represent a disposal cost rather than a source of income to Indian dairy farmers. Feed for Indian dairy animals consists mainly of crop residues and by products. Forage and feed grain production is limited due to pricing incentives to grow cereals and pulses to feed India's vast population. India has an extensive government-supported dairy cooperative structure. Cooperatives not only market their members' milk, but also supply feeds and many dairy services. Private dairy companies tend to duplicate the operating procedures of the cooperatives.

3 The Indian Milk Production Sector General Characteristics India surpassed the United States in 1998 to become the largest single milk producing country in the world. In 2005, Indian milk production represented 14.6 percent of world milk production, exceeding the combined production of the top five dairy countries in the EU. Milk production has grown steadily and rapidly over the last 25 years, from 50 million MT in to 92 million MT in Growth in milk production has exceeded the growth in India's population, elevating per capita milk availability over the same period from 75 grams/day to more than 225 grams/day. The dairy production sector of India is atomistically (perhaps micro-atomistically) structured. Milk production is primarily a supplementary occupation for small landholders or landless laborers. There are no official counts of dairy farms and estimates vary widely among sources. Best estimates indicate that approximately 70 million rural households (primarily small and marginal farmers and landless laborers) are engaged in milk production. The average herd size is about two milking animals, and average daily milk production per herd is about four liters. Cattle are fed primarily on byproducts from crop production. Green forage occupies about 4 percent of India's

4 90 arable cropland. Concentrate feeds do not usually contain feed grains, but could include starch from rice and wheat milling and molasses from sugar production. Green forages include berseem clover, oats, ryegrass and sorghum. Villages in some areas often have unimproved common pasture lands. Manure is a valuable resource for fuel and fertilizer. Much of the manure from dairies is formed into dung pies and dried for use or sale as a heating and cooking fuel. Manure that is not used for fuel is applied directly to cropland, reducing chemical fertilizer needs. Dairying is practiced throughout India, but concentrated in the northwestern states where the climate is more temperate. The top five states account for more than one-half of current production. Major surplus producing states (percent of milk production more than twice the percentage of population) are Punjab and Haryana. West Bengal and Bihar are major milk deficit states. More than one-half of India's milk production comes from buffalo. The predominant buffalo breed is the Murrah, a river type buffalo that has been selected for milk production. Buffalo milk is preferred to cow milk by consumers in many parts of India because of its relatively high butterfat content. The percent

5 91 of total milk coming from buffalo has remained practically constant at about 55 percent since the early 1960s. India's dairy cow population is a combination of indigenous cattle and cross-breed (mostly Holsteins) with indigenous stock. Purebred dairy cows do not tolerate the heat and animal diseases prevalent in India. Cross breeding increases milk production while preserving native heat tolerance and disease resistance. Milk production capacity is highest in cross breeds followed by buffalo and native cattle. The cow population has been growing at a considerably smaller rate than buffalo. But more rapid increases in yields from increasing adoption of cross-breeding have resulted in the relative shares of cow and buffalo milk remaining constant. [Chand R. (2005)] Milk Production Costs On average, milk production costs in India are very low by international standards. In its 2005 annual dairy report, the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN) reported 2004 costs and returns for eleven Indian dairies in four states. Cash costs less non-milk returns, ranged from US$2.50 to US$15 per 100 kg (US$1.13 to US$6.80 per hundredweight). Total costs ranged from US$15 to US$23 per 100 kg (US$6.80 to US$10.43 per hundredweight). All but one of the eleven representative

6 92 farms had herds of from two to six dairy animals (cows and/or buffalo). These are impressively low costs of production, compared to U.S. total costs (less non-milk returns) in the neighborhood of US$11.80 to US$13.60 per hundredweight. They result from very low labor costs (paid labor and opportunity costs for family and operator labor), feed costs, depreciation, and opportunity cost for land. For example, labor costs for some of the smaller representative farms were reported at US$0.20 per hour. Land cost for some farms is zero. Indian dairy farmers' cash expenses and overhead costs are low enough to more than offset the negative effect on unit costs of production of very low milk yields per animal. But Indian costs of milk production must be interpreted carefully. While they may accurately represent average costs under existing conditions, they do not likely reflect marginal costs, especially if ambitious expanded production goals are achieved and economic conditions in rural areas improve. [FAO (2002)] Milk Prices Each cooperative and most private dairy firm set and moves their milk price independently, based on the profitability of final product sales, local competition, and other factors. There

7 93 is no systematic milk price reporting, probably because of wide variability in prices among and within plants and the difficulty of obtaining reliable price data from thousands of reporting units. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) does report a country average time series of milk prices by species. Prices for both cow and buffalo milks have been gradually increasing with significant gains since The gap between buffalo and cow milk prices has been steady in percentage terms at about a 30 percent premium for buffalo milk. India cow milk prices between 1991 and 2005 averaged 70 percent of U.S. milk prices; buffalo milk prices averaged 92 percent. Indian milk prices as reported by FAO were very stable compared to U.S. prices. 4.3 Processing Sector General Description A primary characteristic of milk processing and distribution in India is the dominance of the informal sector. About one-third of the milk produced is retained on the farm for food and feed. Of the two-thirds leaving the farm, approximately 75 percent goes to the unorganized or informal sector and the remaining 25 percent is handled by the formal sector. The large informal sector exists partly because consumers have been unwilling to pay the additional costs of pasteurization

8 94 and packaging, which can raise retail prices by more than 100 percent. Moreover, consumers often regard raw milk and traditional products obtained from reliable vendors as of better quality than formally processed dairy products. In the informal sector, raw milk may be sold directly to the consumer by the farmer or the farmer may sell it to a "milkman" who re-sells to consumers or to a creamery. The creamery also sells to consumers but may sell to sweet shops and restaurants. The informal sector encompasses the marketing of raw milk and traditional products such as locally manufactured ghee, fresh cheese and sweets. This sector is quite well organized, with a complex net of market agents. It may also not be entirely informal, since some market agents pay municipal fees and possess vendor licenses. The formal sector is relatively new in historical terms, and consists of western-style dairy processing based on pasteurization, although adapted to the Indian market in terms of products. The formal sector consisted of 678 dairy plants in 2002, registered under the Milk and Milk Products Order (MMPO) and has grown rapidly during the last decade Milk Procurement and Processing About 110,000 dairy cooperative village societies, involving about 12 million farmer members, had been organized by 2003-

9 95 04 to supply milk to processing firms and directly to consumers. Until the early 1990s, milk processing was mainly reserved for the cooperative sector through licensing. As part of domestic economic reforms and commitments to the WTO, the Indian dairy sector was liberalized in a phased manner starting in The government removed all restrictions on setting up new milk-processing capacity in March Following partial decontrol of the dairy sector in the early 1990s, many private sector processors entered the market and established milk-processing facilities, mostly in milk surplus areas. Some of the private sector plants also adopted the cooperative model of making informal contracts with local farmers and providing various inputs and services to the farmers. Nestle made large investments in its milk shed to improve productivity levels and the quality of raw milk. However, a large proportion of private dairy plants depend on contractors/subcontractors to meet their raw material requirement. Based on sales, the largest Indian dairy companies/cooperatives were: Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF), Mother Dairy, Nestle India, Hindustan Lever Ltd., Britannia, Andhra Pradesh Dairy Development Cooperative Federation (APDDCF), Hatsun Agro,

10 96 and Vadial. The GCMMF dominates the processing sector, and has about three times the sales of its nearest competitor Milk and Product Distribution Past and Present Systems Sale and distribution of fluid milk may occur directly from the farm or the milk collection stations or through local distributors. The remaining milk is cooled, transported to processing plants, and converted into market (fluid) milk and milk products that are distributed by a variety of means. Loose or bulk pasteurized milk is dispensed to the consumer in the Mother Dairy kiosks. Each dairy cooperative has its own channels for distributing milk and other products. Private dairy companies distribute products through local shops because refrigerated distribution channels are sparse. Initiatives are beginning to enlarge their markets into other states. Larger cooperatives are beginning to expand through their own and franchised market outlets. The principal outlet for the popular traditional sweets made from condensed milk is sweetshops or halwais. These are located in markets of virtually every city and are generally subject to government oversight. A limited number of dairy outlets are in newly-built shopping centers in the upper-middle and upper class sections of cities like New Delhi, Mumbai,

11 97 Bangalore, etc. Fashioned after western-style merchandizing, they handle Indian dairy products and imported items such as cheeses from a number of European and Oceanic countries Future Trends Emergence of a more affluent segment of the Indian population, albeit small as percent of total population but large in numbers, seems to be prompting a shift to more value-added dairy products. Packaged market milk is gaining in popularity compared to "loose" milk. Markets for UHT milk and flavored milks are growing but are still niche markets. It must be remembered, however, that a niche market of 0.1 percent of the Indian population is more than 1.1 million persons. Traditional Indian dairy products such as paneer and dairy-based sweets, with longer shelf-life, are being marketed as branded products by cooperative and private companies. Butter, ghee and ice cream are competitive markets dominated by a few firms that have the manufacturing and merchandizing capabilities to compete in these markets. In spite of a dispersed market, a competitive climate, and the present uncertainty about the nature and rate of change of dairy product marketing and consumption in India, a number of foreign investments have been made in recent years. Of particular interest are two firms located in Wisconsin. Schreiber

12 98 Foods, Green Bay, has recently acquired 51 percent of Dynamic Dairy Industries Ltd., which produces a broad range of products including process cheese. A plan to market buffalo milk Mozzarella cheese in the USA is part of collaboration between Winona Foods, Green Bay, and Himalaya International. While dairy products undoubtedly are now widely regarded as premium foods in India, it may become more difficult for dairy products to keep this status when more people enter the middle and upper income groups. It seems likely that middle and upper income consumers would not be satisfied with the sort (two to four day shelf-life) of milk sold by processors in the formal sector in parts of India. The formal dairy processing sector will benefit if it can capitalize on the demands of upper and middle income people for convenience, hygiene and quality. The affordability of dairy products varies widely across India. Middle and upper income consumers possibly as many as 450 million people in the future will have the purchasing power to purchase desired quantities of dairy products. However, the remainder of the population, including many people living in rural areas, will be subject to important income constraints. As in many parts of the world, India's dairy industry will witness increases in demand for dairy products from the food service industry, the ingredients market, and away-from-home

13 99 food consumption businesses. Improved milk quality would likely increase the importance of these sources of milk and dairy product demand in India. 4.5 Trade Issues India's Dairy Trade Dairy trade is a small part of India's small agricultural trade portfolio. In 2004, FAO reported Indian dairy exports of US$78 million and imports valued at US$11 million. Exports were record high in 2004, buttressed by large exports of casein (reported as SMP by FAO). Together with SMP, whole milk powder and butter/ghee comprised 94 percent of 2004 dairy export value. India's dairy imports consist mainly of butter/ghee, some hard cheeses, and dry whey products. Butter/ ghee imports were one-fifth of exports. Both imports and exports are highly variable from year-toyear. India's dairy trade balance has ranged from US$-30 million to US$65 million between 1989 and India's very small volume of imports of dairy products is due partly to restricted market access through import tariffs and partly to sanitary requirements for some products. In 2001, India removed all quantitative restrictions on agricultural imports.

14 U.S. - India Dairy Trade U.S.-India dairy trade is small and decidedly one sided. In 2005, the U.S. exported less than US$3 million in dairy products to India and imported US$60 million. Nearly all of the U.S. dairy imports from India in 2005 were in the form of casein and casein-ates. Casein imports totaled US$53 million, and India was the third largest supplier of casein, behind Ireland and New Zealand. The value of casein imports from India nearly doubled between 2004 and Most U.S. dairy products are restricted from India by sanitary/heath certification rules adopted in Among other things, these rules prohibit imports of dairy products derived from animals administered supplemental recombinant Bovine Somatatropin (rbst or BGH) or subjected to estrogenic treatment. Since these products are widely-used in the U.S., most exporters cannot meet these standards India Dairy Trade Prospects Dairy imports are a contentious issue in India. While government policy generally supports more open trade, dairy interests are strongly opposed to allowing great access to imports. Some of this opposition seems to reflect a misunderstanding of India's current dairy trade balance, or,

15 101 perhaps, a general negative perception regarding the possible benefits of expanded trade. Opposition also comes from those concerned about the impact of more open trade on the fate of rural residents and rural communities. The Government of India and many agricultural trade groups have expressed a strong interest in maintaining self-sufficiency in dairy and other agricultural products. However, India may experience pressures to import more dairy products in the future if demand for dairy products unfolds strongly in response to increases in population and incomes. [Foreign Agriculture Service (2005)] 5 Alternatively, if strong internal demand for dairy products fails to materialize, India, as the largest milk producer in the world, may feel pressures to export dairy products. For example, if India's real GDP growth should moderate to 4.5 percent and assuming an income elasticity of demand of 0.6 percent and population increases of 1.4 percent year, then domestic dairy product purchases in India might increase at only about 4.1 percent per year. Under such a scenario, projected domestic supplies of dairy products could put strong downward pressure on prices and increase the incentives of dairy firms to export.

16 Government Policies Affecting Dairy General Agricultural Policies Since independence in 1947, a primary goal of Indian agricultural policy has been food self- sufficiency. This goal has been pursued through direct and indirect support for the farming sector to reduce cash costs of production and through setting minimum prices for food crops that stabilize and enhance revenue. Direct support includes input subsidies for production inputs and services. The largest subsidies are for fertilizer and irrigation. Fertilizer subsidies go to both farmers and fertilizer manufacturers. Fertilizer is made available to farmers at fixed prices under market. For imported fertilizer, the difference between the import cost and the fixed price is subsidized. For fertilizers produced domestically, manufacturers are paid a subsidy representing their economic costs of manufacturing and distributing fertilizers. The total fertilizer subsidy in is estimated at $3.7 billion. Irrigation is subsidized in two ways; through charging less than market rates for electrical power used for pumping groundwater and through public investment in surface water distribution systems and covering distribution costs. Power and

17 103 water subsidies were estimated to total about $6.4 billion in Minimum procurement prices apply to a large number of crops. For rice and wheat, the primary food crops, the minimum prices serve as intervention prices. That is, the government purchases these commodities for storage and distribution under the Indian Public Distribution System, which supplies foodstuffs at subsidized prices to the poor. Since the government accepts all rice and wheat offered at the announced support prices, purchases vary according to crop size and private sector demand. Good crops and reduced consumption in the late 1990s led to large government purchases and a buildup of government rice and wheat stocks. The Indian government was forced to subsidize exports in order to reduce stocks to a manageable level. Later, stocks were depleted and in 2006, the government needed to import wheat in order to meet its distribution needs. Indirect forms of government support for farmers include agricultural research and outreach, underwriting crop insurance, and financial and institutional support for cooperatives, including farm credit cooperatives. Direct support in the form of subsidies and minimum prices is limited to the crop sector of Indian agriculture.

18 104 Livestock and dairy are not directly supported, but receive some indirect support through induced production of crops that yield byproducts and residues for feeding to livestock. But at the same time, subsidies and price guarantees for specific crops restrict the area devoted to other, unsupported crops, notably fodder. More generally, current agricultural supports have been criticized for "locking in" crop production patterns that are becoming increasingly separated from domestic consumption patterns. Expanding consumer incomes in areas with strong economic growth has increased demand for horticultural crops, poultry and dairy products, and edible oils. Current support policies provide little incentives for shifting production to higherdemand products. Subsidies have also been criticized for causing mining of groundwater and for restricting private investment in agriculture. The 2004 Indian national elections resulted in a new coalition government (United Progressive Alliance, or UPA) led by the Indian National Congress Party. The UPA-selected Indian Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh, has publicly supported making agriculture more market-oriented. But agricultural reform is not an easy task in India because of the involvement of states states must agree to and implement policies recommended and funded by the central government. Given the

19 105 diversity of agriculture among states, acrimony is more likely than harmony Dairy Policies Economic conditions existing in India in the decade following independence created an environment that gave rise to unique policies and institutions that shaped development of the country's dairy industry. In the 1950s and 1960s, India was one of the largest dairy importing countries in the world. For example, India's commercial imports of milk powder peaked at over 50 thousand metric tons in This contrasts sharply with the zero milk powder imports recorded by India in The large dairy imports in the 1960s stunted development of India's dairy industry, causing milk production in the country to plateau at about 20 to 22 million metric tons per year in that decade. This happened partly because frequently it was cheaper for India's domestic firms to import milk powder and butter or butter oil and make reconstituted milk, rather than buy milk from India's farmers. This situation concerned India's policy makers who reasoned that an expanding domestic dairy industry would be a good vehicle for promoting employment and rural development. Moreover, government officials and persons in the dairy industry recognized that India's population growth, urbanization, income

20 106 growth, the high income elasticity of demand for dairy products, and changes in consumption habits, all might support profitable expansion of the country's dairy industry. Hence, the government of India embarked on an import substitution policy that would produce near self-sufficiency in dairy products. Initially, this policy was basically a dairy cooperative development initiative. The foundation for this initiative was the cooperative movement in the state of Gujarat. In 1952, the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union (currently the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation) gained the right to supply the Bombay market with fluid milk. This assured market allowed the cooperative to grow rapidly but also provided a challenge in maintaining a cold chain and balancing milk production with fluid milk demand. The cooperative adopted a unique tiered system of milk collection and processing. Village cooperative societies collected and cooled milk from tens of thousands of small dairy farmers throughout the state. District unions consolidated society shipments and operated manufacturing plants to handle fluid surpluses. Marketing and coordination were at the state level. The cooperative adopted the AMUL brand and developed nationwide brand recognition.

21 107 The tiered system ultimately became known as the Anand Model (for the location of the cooperative federation headquarters), and was promoted and financially supported by the Indian government through the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), created in Government Support for Operation Flood The purpose of Operation Flood was to create a white flood of milk throughout India by widely replicating and financially supporting the Anand Model. The first phase of Operation Flood was launched in 1970 under an agreement with the World Food Program. This agreement provided aid and financing in the form of 126,000 tons of skim milk powder and 42,000 tons of butter oil-surplus dairy products obtained from the then European Economic Community (EEC). In brief, the Operation Flood program carried out the following functions: Organized village dairy cooperatives. Created the physical and institutional infrastructure for milk procurement, processing, marketing and production enhancement services. Established dairies at India's major metropolitan centers i.e., Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi and Madras. The second phase of the program was implemented between 1981 and It incorporated state dairy

22 108 development projects that had been undertaken with assistance of the Indian Dairy Corporation into an overall program. This effort was financed with $150 million from the World Bank and commodity assistance from the EEC. The third phase focused on making the cooperative efforts self-sustaining. Employing World Bank, EEC and the NDDB's internal resources, this phase expanded the production, processing, marketing and professional management capabilities of the dairy industry. In addition to financial support, the Government of India sharply limited commercial dairy imports from the early years of Operation Flood until the early 1990s. This action was justified in part as protection for an "infant industry." The permitted dairy imports were "canalized" (channeled) through the NDDB as importing agency The Lifting of Restrictions on India's Domestic Dairy Industry India's dairy sector was regulated and protected through restrictions on imports and exports of dairy products and domestic regulations until the early 1990s. The industry became

23 109 progressively more liberalized after 1991 as a result of changes that culminated in the repeal of certain licensing requirements and changes in the Milk and Milk Products Order (MMPO) to reform India's dairy economy. Among the restrictive measures contained in the MMPO that were eventually eliminated was one that specified the milksheds from which dairy processors could procure milk. Prior to the 1990s, milk procurement, processing and supply to urban consumers was primarily in the hands of cooperatives. The entry of most big proprietary firms into the processing sector was restricted through licenses. As part of broader economic reforms introduced in 1991, licensing of dairy industry firms ended and the industry was opened to private competition. Within a year after the 1991 reforms, more than 100 new private sector dairy plants were set up in the India's dairy industry. Unfortunately, some of the new private plants sold adulterated and contaminated milk products. Consequently, the government brought back a licensing system under the MMPO of 1992, requiring state regulation of dairy plants producing 10,000 to 75,000 liter of milk per day or manufacturing of milk products containing 500 to 3,750 tons of milk solids per year. Plants producing over 75,000 liters of milk per day or handling

24 110 more than 3,750 tons of milk solids per year had to be registered with the central government. The 1992 MMPO defined "milksheds" in reference to the region from which the marketable surplus of milk was to find its way to a processing plant. The edict in the 1992 MMPO relating to milksheds was implemented by state or central government Registering Authorities. In 2001 the MMPO was amended to require compulsory registration only for larger dairy plants that processed over 20,000 liters pay day. The MMPO was last amended in 2002 to raise the registration requirement to 200,000 liters per day and to eliminate state authority to assign milksheds. Most private companies applauded the end of milk shed definition by the Registering Authority. Some of them were able to substantially expand their procurement area. [Indian Dairy (2005)] State Wise Production Performance in Milk As noted earlier, in the present section it is attempted to examine the performance of states in terms of milk production and the inequality in them Trends in State Wise Production of Milk The performance of the state at the macro level, with dispersion or deviation in it, is being determined by the performance by its district. Based on this view, before embarking

25 111 upon the analysis of the production of milk at the micro level, in the present section it is attempted to examine the state wise production of milk and the inequality in production. As it could be seen in table 5.1, the total production of milk in India in the year stood at million tonnes. A state wise analysis of milk production in the same year indicates that the highest level of milk production has been registered by Uttar Pradesh with lakh tonnes of milk production. This state alone constituted per cent of the country s total milk production. This is being followed by the other states in the declining order of milk production as: Punjab (71.65 lakh tonnes), Rajasthan (64.87 lakh tonnes), Madhya Pradesh (53.77 lakh tonnes), Maharashtra (51.93 lakh tonnes), Gujarat (49.13 lakh tonnes), Andhra Pradesh (44.73 lakh tonnes), Haryana (43.73 lakh tonnes), Tamil Nadu (40.61 lakh tonnes), Karnataka (39.7 lakh tonnes), Bihar (34.2 lakh tonnes), West Bengal (34.15 lakh tonnes), Kerala (23.43 lakh tonnes), J & K (11.67 lakh tonnes), Assam (7.19 lakh tonnes), Himachal Pradesh (7.14 lakh tonnes), Orissa (6.72 lakh tonnes), Delhi (2.67 lakh tonnes), Manipur (0.62 lakh tonnes), Meghalaya (0.59 lakh tonnes), Tripura (0.57 lakh tonnes), Nagaland (0.46 lakh tonnes), Arunachal Pradesh (0.43 lakh tonnes), Chandigarh (0.43 lakh tonnes), Goa (0.38 lakh tonnes), Pondicherry (0.36 lakh tonnes),

26 112 Sikkim (0.35 lakh tonnes), A&N Islands (0.22 lakh tonnes), Mizoram (0.17 lakh tonnes), D & N Haveli (0.04 lakh tonnes), Daman & Diu (0.01 lakh tonnes) and Lakshadweep (0.01 lakh tonnes). The states like, Chhattisgarh, Uttaranchal and Jharkhand did not show any milk production as these states were separated only after In the year , the total milk production stood at lakh tonnes which is a 4.03 per cent increase in production during the 14 years period of time. In the same year, the order of the states in terms of milk production can be given as: Uttar Pradesh ( lakh tonnes), Rajasthan ( lakh tonnes), Andhra Pradesh ( lakh tonnes), Punjab (94.23 lakh tonnes), Gujarat (93.21 lakh tonnes), Maharashtra (80.44 lakh tonnes), Madhya Pradesh (75.14 lakh tonnes), Tamil Nadu (68.31 lakh tonnes), Bihar (65.17 lakh tonnes), Haryana (62.67 lakh tonnes), Karnataka (51.14 lakh tonnes), West Bengal (44.71 lakh tonnes), Kerala (26.45 lakh tonnes), Orissa (16.71 lakh tonnes), J & K (16.09 lakh tonnes), Jharkhand (15.55 lakh tonnes), Uttaranchal (13.83 lakh tonnes), Himachal Pradesh (11.02 lakh tonnes), Chhattisgarh (10.29 lakh tonnes), Assam (7.9 lakh tonnes), Delhi (4.8 lakh tonnes), Tripura (1.04 lakh tonnes), Meghalaya (0.79 lakh tonnes), Manipur (0.78 lakh tonnes), Nagaland (0.76 lakh tonnes), Goa (0.6 lakh tonnes),

27 113 Pondicherry (0.47 lakh tonnes), Chandigarh (0.45 lakh tonnes), Sikkim (0.43 lakh tonnes), Arunachal Pradesh (0.28 lakh tonnes), A&N Islands (0.25 lakh tonnes), Mizoram (0.11 lakh tonnes), D&N Haveli (0.11 lakh tonnes), Lakshadweep (0.02 lakh tonnes) and Daman & Diu (0.01 lakh tonnes). A comparison of the state wise production in the year and would indicate that between these two years there is a wide change in the order of the states in terms of production. While some of the states could increase their milk production and reach a higher rank, the production in some states like, Arunachal Pradesh, Kerala, Mizoram have experienced a decline in the production which made them to get relegate to the back in terms of their ranks. The order of the states in terms of average level of milk production for the entire study period can be given as: Uttar Pradesh ( lakh tonnes), Rajasthan ( lakh tonnes), Punjab (84.75 lakh tonnes), Andhra Pradesh ( lakh tonnes), Gujarat ( lakh tonnes), Maharashtra ( lakh tonnes), Madhya Pradesh (59.56 lakh tonnes), Tamil Nadu ( lakh tonnes), Haryana ( lakh tonnes), Karnataka ( lakh tonnes), Bihar ( lakh tonnes), West Bengal ( lakh tonnes), Kerala ( lakh tonnes), Jammu and Kashmir ( lakh tonnes), Orissa

28 114 ( lakh tonnes), Jharkhand (9.82 lakh tonnes), Uttaranchal ( lakh tonnes), Himachal Pradesh ( lakh tonnes), Assam ( lakh tonnes), Chhattisgarh ( lakh tonnes), Delhi ( lakh tonnes), Tripura ( lakh tonnes), Manipur ( lakh tonnes), Meghalaya ( lakh tonnes), Nagaland (0.595 lakh tonnes), Goa ( lakh tonnes), Chandigarh ( lakh tonnes), Sikkim ( lakh tonnes), Pondicherry (0.41 lakh tonnes), Arunachal Pradesh ( lakh tonnes), Andaman and Nicobar Islands (0.235 lakh tonnes), Mizoram ( lakh tonnes), D&N Haveli ( lakh tonnes), Lakshadweep ( lakh tonnes) and Daman & Diu (0.01 lakh tonnes). The growth rates worked out for the study period would provide a clear view on the order of the states in terms of their performance in the milk production. Accordingly, in terms of linear growth rate worked out, the order of the states can be given as: Jharkhand (12.77 per cent), Uttaranchal (10.9 per cent), Chhattisgarh (10.75 per cent), Orissa (7.24 per cent), Bihar (6.91 per cent), Andhra Pradesh (6.83 per cent), Rajasthan (5.59 per cent), Gujarat (5.09 per cent), Delhi (4.67 per cent), Tamil Nadu (4.18 per cent), Uttar Pradesh (3.78 per cent), Goa (3.49 per cent), Himachal Pradesh (3.4 per cent), D&N Haveli (3.36 per cent), Maharashtra (3.06 per cent), Nagaland (3.05 per

29 115 cent), Tripura (3 per cent), Madhya Pradesh (2.95 per cent), Lakshadweep (2.82 per cent), Pondicherry (2.44 per cent), Haryana (2.4 per cent), Meghalaya (2.3 per cent), Punjab (2.22 per cent), J & K (2.16 per cent), West Bengal (2.15 per cent), Sikkim (2.01 per cent), Manipur (1.82 per cent), Assam (0.91 per cent), A&N Islands (0.78 per cent), Chandigarh (0.77 per cent) and Karnataka (0.74 per cent). Daman & Diu do not experience any growth in output, while the districts like Kerala (-0.23 per cent), Mizoram (-2.19 per cent) and Arunachal Pradesh (-3.43 per cent) have shown a declining growth during the study period.

30 116 Table 4.1 Trends in State Wise Production of Milk (in 000 Tonnes) average LGR CGR INS States/UTs All India Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh J & K Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland

31 117 Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh West Bengal A&N Islands Chandigarh D&N Haveli Daman & Diu Delhi Lakshadweep Pondicherry Chhattisgarh Uttaranchal Jharkhand Source: National Dairy Development Board, Note: LGR Linear Growth Rate CGR = Compound Growth Rate INS = Instubility Index

32 118 In terms of compound growth rate, the order of the states can be given as: Jharkhand (72.43 per cent), Uttaranchal (69.38 per cent), Chhattisgarh (65.13 per cent), Orissa (7.82 per cent), Andhra Pradesh (7.15 per cent), Bihar (7.09 per cent), Rajasthan (5.6 per cent), Gujarat (5.22 per cent), Delhi (4.45 per cent), Tamil Nadu (4.23 per cent), Uttar Pradesh (3.85 per cent), Goa (3.65 per cent), Himachal Pradesh (3.41 per cent), Lakshadweep (3.41 per cent), D&N Haveli (3.29 per cent), Tripura (3.18 per cent), Maharashtra (3.12 per cent), Nagaland (3.01 per cent), Madhya Pradesh (2.91 per cent), Pondicherry (2.47 per cent), Haryana (2.43 per cent), Meghalaya (2.35 per cent), Punjab (2.27 per cent), J & K (2.2 per cent), Sikkim (2.15 per cent), West Bengal (2.15 per cent), Manipur (1.86 per cent), Assam (0.91 per cent), A&N Islands (0.77 per cent), Chandigarh (0.77 per cent) and Karnataka (0.71 per cent). While the state of Daman & Diu (0 per cent) has experienced no growth in milk production, the states like, Kerala (-0.25 per cent), Mizoram (-2.32 per cent) and Arunachal Pradesh (-3.97 per cent) have recorded a negative growth rate. The instability index, a sophisticated technique to measure stability or the volatility in the growth in production of milk by states indicates that Meghalaya (3.54 per cent) has recorded the

33 119 least volatility. The order of the other states in terms of increasing instability index can be given as: Maharashtra (4.76 per cent), Punjab (5.44 per cent), West Bengal (7.24 per cent), Uttar Pradesh (7.6 per cent), Chandigarh (8.07 per cent), Haryana (8.11 per cent), Manipur (8.4 per cent), J & K (8.73 per cent), Assam (10.08 per cent), Pondicherry (10.2 per cent), Gujarat (11.44 per cent), Goa (15.17 per cent), Himachal Pradesh (15.9 per cent), Andhra Pradesh (17.11 per cent), Tripura (21.22 per cent), Orissa (22.54 per cent), Tamil Nadu (23.16 per cent), A&N Islands (23.28 per cent), Madhya Pradesh (23.32 per cent), Rajasthan (26.45 per cent), Karnataka (29.53 per cent), Kerala (34.21 per cent), Sikkim (34.78 per cent), Delhi (45.9 per cent), Mizoram (47.35 per cent), Nagaland (53.46 per cent), Bihar (55.82 per cent), Arunachal Pradesh (59.8 percent), Jharkhand (88.25 per cent), Lakshadweep (89.04 percent), D&N Haveli (96.3 per cent), Uttaranchal ( per cent) and Chhattisgarh ( per cent). Thus from the analysis it can be concluded that all the states, except a few have shown positive growth in the production of milk. [Economic Survey ( )] 7

34 Ranking of States by Production Performance in Milk The above analysis on the trends in the growth of milk production of Indian states and the inequality in the growth as measured by the instability indicated a mixed trend. This means, in terms of quantity of production as measured in terms of the average production for the study period, in terms of growth rates and in terms of instability, different states showed different performance and hence it is difficult to identify the overall production performance of the states. To overcome this problem and to understand the order of the states in terms of their production performance, the Composite Rank Index has been worked out. The composite Rank Index is the ranking of the rank sum total of the indicators used to measure production performance. The indicators used to measure the performance are the average production of the states during the study period, the linear and compound growth rates and the instability index. Among these measures, the average, linear growth rate and instability index are considered to arrive at the rank sum total.

35 121 Table 4.2 Composite rank index of production performance States/UTs of milk by states RANKING Average LGR Instability Rank Sum Total Composite Rank A&N Islands Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chandigarh Chhattisgarh D&N Haveli Daman & Diu Delhi Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh J & K Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Lakshadweep Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Orissa Pondicherry Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttaranchal West Bengal Source: Computed from Table5.1. The average level of production and the linear growth rate are ranking in the declining (descending) order of the sates while the instability index is measured in terms of increasing

36 122 (ascending) value. This is so because, while the increasing average and growth rate are indicators of favourable nature of production, the increasing value of instability is an indication of higher volatility which is not preferable. The ordering or the states by each indicator and the composite Rank Index arrived at indicates that Uttar Pradesh has taken up the first rank in terms of milk production performance. The order of the other states in terms of performance can be given as: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, West Bengal, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Goa, Uttaranchal, Delhi, Tripura, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Manipur, Pondicherry, Chandigarh, Karnataka, Daman & Diu, Nagaland, Kerala, Sikkim, D&N Haveli, Andhaman &Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh. [Government of India (2003)] 8 Thus from the analysis it can be concluded that the overall production performance is favourable for Uttar Pradesh. Tamilnadu is endowed with a sizeable livestock population. The department of Economics and Statistics conduct periodical livestock survey in the state.

37 123 The following table gives an idea of the changes in the livestock population as recorded in the 1997, 2001, and Table 4.3 Livestock census of Tamilnadu (in lakhs) Year Cattle Buffaloes Total Source: Tamilnadu An Economic Appraisal Various Issues. It is possible to know from the contents of the above table that the number of cattle remains the same, the number of buffaloes in Tamilnadu is progressively declining from 27.4 lakhs in 1997 to in 2004, resulting in a total decline. The buffaloes used to serve a dual propose to provide milk as well as ploughing the field. With increasing mechanization of agriculture the importance of buffaloe is slowly declining. Further, fodder requirements in the case of buffaloes are comparatively larger and with increasing cost of fodder, the number of buffaloes maintained is on the decrease. The state is very much interested in the production of milk. The objective is to increase productivity of cattle. It is found that with the introduction of exotic and cross breed of cow, it is

38 124 possible to raise, productivity by replacing the indegeous breed with exotic and cross breed. The following table gives information regarding the average yield rate of milk (Kgs.). per animal/per day. Table 4.4 Average yield rate of milk/animal in Tamilnadu Breed Exotic and Cross breed Indigenous Source: Tamilnadu An Economic Appraisal Various Issues. Turning to the situation in Kanyakumari district, the following table gives the trends in the number of milk animals enumerated in the three livestock censuses. Table 4.5 Livestock census of Kanyakumari district ( 000) Year Cattle Buffaloes Total (0.91) (0.52) (0.82) (1.10) 11.9 (0.43) (0.95) (2.00) (0.36) (0.99) Source: Tamilnadu An Economic Appraisal Various Issues.

39 125 As in the state, in the district also the proportion of buffaloe is decreasing. It is possible to know from the contents of the table that the district which has 2.68 percent of the state population had 0.91 percent, 1.18 percent and 2.0 percent in 1997, 2001 and 2004 of the state s cattle population. Table 4.6 Estimated milk production in Tamilnadu (in 000 tonnes) Cows Year Indigenous Exotic and cross breed Total Buffaloes Total Source: Statistical Handbook of Tamilnadu, Various Issues. The contents of the above table show the trend in milk production over a ten year period ( to ). It is observed that over the period, while the contribution of buffaloes has decreased from tonnes to tonnes that of cows increased from tonnes to tonnes. It is

40 126 also found that while the contribution of indigenous cows decreased from tonnes to tonnes, that of exotic and cross breed cows registered to phenomenal increase from tonnes to tonnes by 2.33 times. This reflects the trend in substituting indigenous cows with exotic and cross breeds of cows and the higher productivity of the latter. (Statistical Hand Book, Tamilnadu, 2011) 9 Table 4.7 Estimated milk production in Kanyakumari district (in 000 tonnes) Cow s Milk Year Indigenous Exotic and cross breed Total Buffaloes Total Source: Statistical Handbook of Tamilnadu, Various Issues. The table above shows the trends in milk production in Kanyakumari district over the ten year period. It shows instability declining between and and then picking up crowning the level in the last two years. In

Dynamics and Performance of Livestock and Poultry Sector in India: A Temporal Analysis

Dynamics and Performance of Livestock and Poultry Sector in India: A Temporal Analysis Volume 3, Issue 1 June 2014 1 RESEARCH ARTICLE ISSN: 2278-5213 Dynamics and Performance of Livestock and Poultry Sector in India: A Temporal Analysis M. Borah* and R.A. Halim Dept. of Agricultural Economics

More information

SCENARIO OF GOAT SECTOR: MAHARASHTRA STATE (INDIA)

SCENARIO OF GOAT SECTOR: MAHARASHTRA STATE (INDIA) SCENARIO OF GOAT SECTOR: MAHARASHTRA STATE (INDIA) Goat keeping is spread over all parts of the state. On goat rearing approximately 48 lakhs families are engaged. Goat rearing is highly preferred occupation

More information

Status of Poverty in India A State wise Analysis

Status of Poverty in India A State wise Analysis Status of Poverty in India A State wise Analysis Dr Waheeda Sunny Thomas Faculty Economics, SEMCOM, Gujarat, India ABSTRACT First millennium development goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.

More information

Cellulosic Ethanol Emerging Opportunities in India Feb 2015

Cellulosic Ethanol Emerging Opportunities in India Feb 2015 Cellulosic Ethanol Emerging Opportunities in India Feb 2015 Safe Harbor Statement This presentation and its related comments contain forwardlooking statements, including financial expectations. Forward-looking

More information

Progress and Potential of Horticulture in India

Progress and Potential of Horticulture in India Ind. Jn. of Agri.Econ. Vol.63, No.3, July-Sept. 2008 SUBJECT I TRIGGERING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HORTICULTURE CROPS Progress and Potential of Horticulture in India Ramesh Chand, S.S. Raju and

More information

Confederation of Indian Industry. Opportunities in. Fisheries. Sector in India. Ministry of Food Processing Industries. Government of India

Confederation of Indian Industry. Opportunities in. Fisheries. Sector in India. Ministry of Food Processing Industries. Government of India Confederation of Indian Industry Opportunities in Fisheries Sector in India Ministry of Food Processing Industries Government of India Advantage India One of the fastest growing economies in the world

More information

GENERAL CROP ESTIMATION SURVEY (GCES)

GENERAL CROP ESTIMATION SURVEY (GCES) GENERAL CROP ESTIMATION SURVEY (GCES) R.P. Rathi NSSO (FOD) Agricultural Statistics Wing, CGO Complex, Block-II, NH-IV, Faridabad-121 001 1. INTRODUCTION In the context of primacy of Agriculture, timely

More information

National Vegetable Initiative for Urban Clusters. Value chain integration, technology dissemination and accessing investments and markets

National Vegetable Initiative for Urban Clusters. Value chain integration, technology dissemination and accessing investments and markets National Vegetable Initiative for Urban Clusters Value chain integration, technology dissemination and accessing investments and markets Progress and Prospects Vegetable Initiative for Urban Clusters FPO

More information

FOOD PROCESSING REDUCES THE DISTANCE BETWEEN FARM AND FORK SHRI NARENDRA MODI HONOURABLE PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA

FOOD PROCESSING REDUCES THE DISTANCE BETWEEN FARM AND FORK SHRI NARENDRA MODI HONOURABLE PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA FOOD PROCESSING REDUCES THE DISTANCE BETWEEN FARM AND FORK SMT. HARSIMRAT KAUR BADAL Minister of Food Processing Industries SADHVI NIRANJAN JYOTI MOS for Food Processing Industries SHRI NARENDRA MODI HONOURABLE

More information

+91-8079450188 Patel Material Handling Equipment http://www.patelequipmentindia.com/ We Are Leading Manufacturers & Exporters Of Hydraulic Handling Equipment, Drum Handling Equipment, Aluminium Ladder,

More information

INDIAN TRADEMARK PRACTICES (CGPDTM) SUBASANI.P Examiner of Trademarks, Chennai

INDIAN TRADEMARK PRACTICES (CGPDTM) SUBASANI.P Examiner of Trademarks, Chennai INDIAN TRADEMARK PRACTICES (CGPDTM) By SUBASANI.P Examiner of Trademarks, Chennai Legal set up The Trade Marks Registry was established under the Trade Marks Act 1940. At present, it functions under the

More information

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2282 TO BE ANSWERED ON

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2282 TO BE ANSWERED ON GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.2282 TO BE ANSWERED ON 29.11.2016 Common Effluent Treatment Plants 2282. DR. C.GOPALAKRISHNAN: PROF.

More information

India DAIRY AND PRODUCTS ANNUAL

India DAIRY AND PRODUCTS ANNUAL THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: 10/20/2009 GAIN

More information

Trends and Patterns of Urbanization in India: A State Level Analysis

Trends and Patterns of Urbanization in India: A State Level Analysis International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 Volume 3 Issue 6ǁ June. 2014ǁ PP.09-17 Trends and Patterns of Urbanization in India: A

More information

CHRONIC POVERTY AND SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS: ANALYSIS OF CAUSES AND REMEDIES. Sukhadeo Thorat Motilal Mahamallik

CHRONIC POVERTY AND SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS: ANALYSIS OF CAUSES AND REMEDIES. Sukhadeo Thorat Motilal Mahamallik WORKING PAPER CHRONIC POVERTY AND SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS: ANALYSIS OF CAUSES AND REMEDIES Sukhadeo Thorat Motilal Mahamallik Working Paper 33 CPRC-IIPA Chronic Poverty Research Centre Indian Institite

More information

SMALL HYDRO PROGRAMME IN INDIA

SMALL HYDRO PROGRAMME IN INDIA SMALL HYDRO PROGRAMME IN INDIA Bhuwanesh Kumar Bhatt Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Hydropower represents use of water resources towards inflation free energy due to absence of fuel cost with mature

More information

Instruction for filling the AIN application form

Instruction for filling the AIN application form Instruction for filling the AIN application form 1. Form is to be filled legibly in ENGLISH in BLOCK LETTERS. 2. While filling the form, each box, wherever provided, should contain only one character (alphabet/number/punctuation

More information

COMPENDIUM REGULATIONS & TARIFF ORDERS ISSUED BY REGULATORY COMMISSIONS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN INDIA

COMPENDIUM REGULATIONS & TARIFF ORDERS ISSUED BY REGULATORY COMMISSIONS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN INDIA COMPENDIUM OF REGULATIONS & TARIFF ORDERS ISSUED BY REGULATORY COMMISSIONS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN INDIA IREDA MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY INDIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY LTD.

More information

LIVESTOCK SURVEYS. Hukum Chandra I.A.S.R.I., New Delhi

LIVESTOCK SURVEYS. Hukum Chandra I.A.S.R.I., New Delhi LIVESTOCK SURVEYS Hukum Chandra I.A.S.R.I., New Delhi -110012 1. Introduction Livestock form an important constituent of the economy of our country in general and that of agricultural sector in particular.

More information

GUIDE FOR VAT, SALES TAX & OTHER LEVIES ( Updated On 31st -Jan-17)

GUIDE FOR VAT, SALES TAX & OTHER LEVIES ( Updated On 31st -Jan-17) NO. OF INVOICE TYPE OF FORM / PERMIT NO. REQUIRED ENTRY TAX OCTROI CODE SR. COPIES APPLICABLE APPLICABLE FOR TIN NO. INWARD OUTWARD 1 ANDHRA PRADESH 2 VAT FORM-X(600) VAT FORM-X(600) YES* NO 37 2 ANDAMAN

More information

Production and Marketing of Mushrooms: Global and National Scenario

Production and Marketing of Mushrooms: Global and National Scenario 3 Production and Marketing of Mushrooms: Global and National Scenario G.C. Wakchaure Marketing is getting the right product, to the right people, at the right price, at the right time and in the right

More information

LIBERSALISATION AND POLICIES OF FOOD SECURITY: THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE

LIBERSALISATION AND POLICIES OF FOOD SECURITY: THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE LIBERSALISATION AND POLICIES OF FOOD SECURITY: THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE A background note for presentation at the Meeting of the Ethiopian Economic Association, January 3-5, Addis Ababa Madhura Swaminathan,

More information

Directions issued by Hon ble vide order dated PBMC submitted Action Plan and Bye laws, 2016 which covers the action points.

Directions issued by Hon ble vide order dated PBMC submitted Action Plan and Bye laws, 2016 which covers the action points. Sl. No. States/UTs 1 Andaman & Nicobar Island (Port Blair MC) Action Taken Report on Directions issued by Hon ble vide order dated 13.02. PBMC submitted Action Plan and Bye laws, 2016 which covers the

More information

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE. LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION No. 334 TO BE ANSWERED ON

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE. LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION No. 334 TO BE ANSWERED ON GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION No. 334 TO BE ANSWERED ON 09.08.2016 Ecological Impact of Mining *334. SHRI JANARDAN SINGH SIGRIWAL state:

More information

Estimation of agricultural resource inequality in India using Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient approach

Estimation of agricultural resource inequality in India using Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient approach ISSN: 2347-3215 Volume 3 Number 4 (April-2015) pp. 174-184 www.ijcrar.com Estimation of agricultural resource inequality in India using Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient approach Mada Melkamu 1 * and Richard

More information

Chapter 4 Agriculture

Chapter 4 Agriculture Chapter 4 Agriculture Types of Farming Primitive Subsistence Farming Practiced on small patches of land. Involves family/community labour. Uses primitive tools such as hoe, digging sticks etc. Predominance

More information

A Study on Farm Households Coping Strategies Against the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: A Study in Cuddalore District

A Study on Farm Households Coping Strategies Against the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: A Study in Cuddalore District INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Vol. 3, No. 1, January-June 2011: 151-156 A Study on Farm Households Coping Strategies Against the Impact of Climate Change

More information

Regional Pattern of Agricultural Growth and Rural Employment in India: Have Small Farmers Benefitted?

Regional Pattern of Agricultural Growth and Rural Employment in India: Have Small Farmers Benefitted? Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 26 (Conference Number) 2013 pp 1-11 Regional Pattern of Agricultural Growth and Rural Employment in India: Have Small Farmers Benefitted? M.L. Nithyashree* and

More information

Capacity Building Scheme

Capacity Building Scheme Capacity Building Scheme NeGP Round Table Conference 29 th- 31 st July 2009 By Krishnan, Principal Consultant, PMU, DIT, GOI Contents 1 2 3 4 Background - Capacity Building Scheme Current Status of Activities

More information

AGRICULTURE SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [3 MARKS]

AGRICULTURE SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [3 MARKS] AGRICULTURE SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [3 MARKS] 1. Distinguish between primitive subsistence farming and intensive subsistence farming. The following are the differences between primitive subsistence

More information

Page 1 of 6. Agriculture. I. Answer the Following

Page 1 of 6. Agriculture. I. Answer the Following Agriculture Page 1 of 6 I. Answer the Following Q1. What is the importance of agriculture in the Indian economy? Ans. Two-thirds of India s population is engaged in agricultural activities. Agriculture

More information

A Brief on National Agricultural Market

A Brief on National Agricultural Market www.swaniti.in A Brief on National Agricultural Market The share of agriculture in the GDP of India has reduced from 30% in 1990-91 to less than 14% in 2014-15, however 52% of total workforce is still

More information

Indian Poultry Market Update

Indian Poultry Market Update Indian Poultry Market Update Billion Indian Poultry Market Overview 2 1,100 1,000 900 Indian Poultry Market by Value; 2010-16 900 1,000 800 700 600 500 400 Source: Company Reports 470 2010 2013 2016 Exports

More information

Indian Pulses Market.

Indian Pulses Market. Indian Pulses Market Indian Pulses Market India is the largest producer, importer and consumer of pulses, accounting for 25% of global production from 35% of global area under pulses. However, the productivity

More information

India. Dairy and Products Annual

India. Dairy and Products Annual THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: 10/11/2013

More information

1 What are three cropping seasons of India? Explain any one in brief. 2 Discuss three main impacts of globalization on Indian agriculture.

1 What are three cropping seasons of India? Explain any one in brief. 2 Discuss three main impacts of globalization on Indian agriculture. 1 What are three cropping seasons of India? Explain any one in brief. 2 Discuss three main impacts of globalization on Indian agriculture. 3.Distinguish between rabi and kharif season? 4. What is Horticulture?

More information

Increasing average exposure to open defecation in India,

Increasing average exposure to open defecation in India, 1 Increasing average exposure to open defecation in India, 2001-2011 Dean Spears 1, 1 Spears: Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi University, Delhi, India E-mail: dean@riceinstitute.org

More information

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of NEEA held at Dibrugarh, Assam in February POVERTY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN RURAL INDIA: A NEXUS

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of NEEA held at Dibrugarh, Assam in February POVERTY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN RURAL INDIA: A NEXUS POVERTY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN RURAL INDIA: A NEUS Purusottam Nayak Abstract Inspired by the worldwide debate on the issue, the present paper is a humble attempt to test the nexus between poverty

More information

25-26 Aug 14, ANAND. National Dairy Development Board August 2014

25-26 Aug 14, ANAND. National Dairy Development Board August 2014 25-26 Aug 14, ANAND National Dairy Development Board August 2014 in crore Value of output of milk > paddy and wheat 400000 350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 1950-51 1960-61 1970-71 1995-96

More information

Economics For Everyone Milky Way

Economics For Everyone Milky Way Economics For Everyone Milky Way Prof. M. Guruprasad, AICAR Business School Mumbai December 07, 2015 15:55 IST Economics For Everyone Milky Way News: Google Doodle pays tribute to Verghese Kurien Kurien

More information

SWACHH BHARAT MISSION (GRAMIN)

SWACHH BHARAT MISSION (GRAMIN) SWACHH BHARAT MISSION (GRAMIN) Knowledge Exchange Seminar on Sanitation Facilities 10 th September, 2015 Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation 60% people globally that defecate in the open reside in

More information

International Journal of Academic Research ISSN: Vol.2, Issue-1(2) (Special), January-March, 2015

International Journal of Academic Research ISSN: Vol.2, Issue-1(2) (Special), January-March, 2015 2. Beyond Milk : Rural Women Empowerment through Dairying in Rural India Dr. Shashikumar, Asst.Professor & Head, Dept.of Sociology, Govt.1st Grade Collegs for Women, Hassan, Karnataka Introduction Presently,

More information

PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED PRIMARY MILK PRODUCERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY IN TAMIL NADU

PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED PRIMARY MILK PRODUCERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY IN TAMIL NADU PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED PRIMARY MILK PRODUCERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY IN TAMIL NADU Mrs. B. S. Vanetha Assistant Professor of Cooperation, Vellalar College for Women, Erode, Tamilnadu, India. Mrs. A. Menakadevi

More information

Economic implications of land degradation on sustainability and food security in India

Economic implications of land degradation on sustainability and food security in India Agropedology 23, 13(2), 19-27 Economic implications of land degradation on sustainability and food security in India A. K. VASISHT, R. P. SINGH AND V. C. MATHUR Division of Agricultural Economics, Indian

More information

Responding to information needs of the citizens through e-government portals and online services in India

Responding to information needs of the citizens through e-government portals and online services in India The International Information & Library Review (2010) xx, 1e10 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/iilr Responding to information needs of the citizens through

More information

Livestock sector development and implications for rural poverty alleviation in India

Livestock sector development and implications for rural poverty alleviation in India Livestock Research for Rural Development 19 (2) 2007 Guidelines to authors LRRD News Citation of this paper Livestock sector development and implications for rural poverty alleviation in India Jabir Ali

More information

Agriculture in China - Successes, Challenges, and Prospects. Prof. Zhihao Zheng College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University

Agriculture in China - Successes, Challenges, and Prospects. Prof. Zhihao Zheng College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University Agriculture in China - Successes, Challenges, and Prospects Prof. Zhihao Zheng College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University I. Success 1. For the past three decades (1978-2010), China

More information

PRINCIPAL SECRETARIES (FOREST) OF ALL THE STATES ADDRESS AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS (As on Dec., 2017) Sl. No.

PRINCIPAL SECRETARIES (FOREST) OF ALL THE STATES ADDRESS AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS (As on Dec., 2017) Sl. No. PRINCIPAL SECRETARIES (FOREST) OF ALL THE STATES ADDRESS AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS (As on Dec., 2017) Sl. 1. ANDHRA PRADESH Shri G. Anantaha Ramu, IAS Principal Secretary (Forests), EFS & D Department, Government

More information

WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN CARP CULTURE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA

WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN CARP CULTURE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN CARP CULTURE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA M. C. Nandeesha Fisheries College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.

More information

Aegis Logistics Limited. August 2015

Aegis Logistics Limited. August 2015 Aegis Logistics Limited August 2015 Safe Harbour This presentation and the accompanying slides (the Presentation ), which have been prepared by Aegis Logistics Limited (the Company ), have been prepared

More information

SOME ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN AUSTRALIA

SOME ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN AUSTRALIA SOME ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN AUSTRALIA R. A. Sherwin, Agricultural Attache Australian Embassy, Washington, D. C. Before discussing government programs relating to agriculture in Australia I propose

More information

Value Chains of Milk and Milk Products in Organised Sector of Tamil Nadu A Comparative Analysis

Value Chains of Milk and Milk Products in Organised Sector of Tamil Nadu A Comparative Analysis Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 23 (Conference Number) 2010 pp 479-486 Value Chains of Milk and Milk Products in Organised Sector of Tamil Nadu A Comparative Analysis D. Babu a* and N.K. Verma

More information

Do clinical trials conducted in India match its healthcare needs? An audit of the Clinical Trials Registry of India

Do clinical trials conducted in India match its healthcare needs? An audit of the Clinical Trials Registry of India Original Article Do clinical trials conducted in India match its healthcare needs? An audit of the Clinical Trials Registry of India Mansi Chaturvedi, Nithya J. Gogtay, Urmila M. Thatte Department of Clinical

More information

India. India Grain Voluntary Update - October 2017

India. India Grain Voluntary Update - October 2017 THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 10/3/2017 GAIN Report Number:

More information

(Paragraphs 8:S' to 8.11)

(Paragraphs 8:S' to 8.11) I.~ CHAPTER X SUMMARY AND, CONCLUSIONS r.-10'.1. There are 70.5 million operational holdings in.indian agriculture.operating over an aggregate area 'of 162 millionha. of land, according to -the 1970-71

More information

S E A S O N A L COMMODITY INSIGHT

S E A S O N A L COMMODITY INSIGHT S E A S O N A L COMMODITY INSIGHT 09 th February 2015 Rice (Non - Basmati) Domestic Scenario India is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China, contributing to about 21.45 per cent

More information

Paper Presented on Renewable Energy Sources Policies of India. Author- Rucha Korhale

Paper Presented on Renewable Energy Sources Policies of India. Author- Rucha Korhale Paper Presented on Renewable Energy Sources Policies of India Author- Rucha Korhale BE-Instrumentation Lecturer, VPM s Polytechnic, Thane 1 Renewable Energy Sources Policies of India Abstract:- In today

More information

Pesticide Consumption in Agriculture in India - an Update

Pesticide Consumption in Agriculture in India - an Update Pesticide Research Journal Vol. I2 (1). 150-155. June. 2000 Pesticide Consumption in Agriculture in India - an Update lndia is the third largest consumer of pesticides in the world and highest among the

More information

UPL Group of Companies

UPL Group of Companies UPL Group of Companies United Phosphorus Advanta India Tatva Jai Research Foundation Crop Protection Chemicals Seeds & Biotech Environment Services Contract Research (CRO) ` 12000 crore ` 1000 crore `

More information

DAIRY AND DAIRY PRODUCTS

DAIRY AND DAIRY PRODUCTS 3. COMMODITY SNAPSHOTS Market situation DAIRY AND DAIRY PRODUCTS International dairy prices started to increase in the last half of 2016, with butter and whole milk powder (WMP) accounting for most of

More information

Employment, Vocational Education and Skill Development

Employment, Vocational Education and Skill Development CHAPTER 4 Employment, Vocational Education and Skill Development Employment Increase in unemployment has been one of the main concerns of the Government. The Employment is one of the monitorable targets

More information

SUICIDE BY FARMERS. Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE क य ण ½ãâ ããè be pleased to state:

SUICIDE BY FARMERS. Will the Minister of AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE क य ण ½ãâ ããè be pleased to state: O.I.H. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, COOPERATION AND FARMERS WELFARE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.4111 TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 20 TH MARCH,

More information

International Journal of Commerce and Business Management. Volume 5 Issue 2 October,

International Journal of Commerce and Business Management. Volume 5 Issue 2 October, IJCBM Volume 5 Issue 2 October, 2012 159-163 International Journal of Commerce and Business Management RESEA RCH PAPER Growth trends in area, production and export of onion from India -An economic analysis

More information

Agflation and the PDS: Some Issues

Agflation and the PDS: Some Issues WP-2008-009 Agflation and the PDS: Some Issues M.H. Suryanarayana Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai April 2008 http://www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/wp-2008-009.pdf Agflation and

More information

GLOBAL DAIRY UPDATE. Welcome to our November 2014 Global Dairy Update IN THIS EDITION Financial Calendar

GLOBAL DAIRY UPDATE. Welcome to our November 2014 Global Dairy Update IN THIS EDITION Financial Calendar GLOBAL DAIRY UPDATE Welcome to our ember Global Dairy Update IN THIS EDITION Fonterra milk collection New Zealand 4% higher in ober and 4% higher for the season to date Australia 8% higher in ober and

More information

Renewable Energy. These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-h7eqmc9rq&t=41s

Renewable Energy. These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-h7eqmc9rq&t=41s Renewable Energy Indian Scenario 11 th Largest Economy & 4 th Largest in Purchasing Power Potential Ahead Power Scenario in India (Installed 263.66 GW & Renewable Energy 34.35 GW) Ministry of Non-Conventional

More information

6. LAND RESOURCES : AGRICULTURE

6. LAND RESOURCES : AGRICULTURE 6. LAND RESOURCES : AGRICULTURE 38 MT EDUCARE LTD. Q.1 (A) Choose the correct alternative from the brackets and rewrite the statements : 1. India ranks... in the world regarding area under cultivation.

More information

IMPO P RT R AN A C N E C E O F G RO R UN U D N W

IMPO P RT R AN A C N E C E O F G RO R UN U D N W Introduction IMPORTANCE OF GROUNDWATER Global Groundwater Situation ACWADAM s database Sources for presentation CGWB, various publications FAO-database Various United Nations publications. UN World Water

More information

CHAPTER V DEMAND VERSUS SUPPLY OF FOOD GRAINS IN INDIA: FUTURE SCENARIO

CHAPTER V DEMAND VERSUS SUPPLY OF FOOD GRAINS IN INDIA: FUTURE SCENARIO 139 CHAPTER V DEMAND VERSUS SUPPLY OF FOOD GRAINS IN INDIA: FUTURE SCENARIO To project the future food security scenario of India is the objective of this chapter for which future demand and supply of

More information

MACRO MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURE SCHEMES IN INDIA A CONSOLIDATED REPORT. Komol Singha Keshava Murthy. K

MACRO MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURE SCHEMES IN INDIA A CONSOLIDATED REPORT. Komol Singha Keshava Murthy. K MACRO MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURE SCHEMES IN INDIA A CONSOLIDATED REPORT Komol Singha Keshava Murthy. K Agricultural Development and Rural Transformation Centre. Institute for Social and Economic Change

More information

State Service Delivery Gateway (SSDG), e-forms, State Portal (SP): An Approach to Access the Services by Citizens under a Single Interface Mechanism

State Service Delivery Gateway (SSDG), e-forms, State Portal (SP): An Approach to Access the Services by Citizens under a Single Interface Mechanism State Service Delivery Gateway (SSDG), e-forms, State Portal (SP): An Approach to Access the Services by Citizens under a Single Interface Mechanism 1. Ms. Poonam Malik 2. Ms. Anisha Tandon Research scholar

More information

LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 12 : 5 May 2012 ISSN

LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 12 : 5 May 2012 ISSN LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D.

More information

Driving forces The driving forces which largely determine the prospects of the agricultural sector are mainly international and European developments

Driving forces The driving forces which largely determine the prospects of the agricultural sector are mainly international and European developments Summary Introduction This report was commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, mainly to answer the question: what are the prospects of the agricultural sector in the Netherlands

More information

Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) is a comparative analysis of environmental achievements, challenges

Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) is a comparative analysis of environmental achievements, challenges Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) for Indian States 2011 Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) is a comparative analysis of environmental achievements, challenges and priorities of Indian states.

More information

Rural Livelihoods Approach and Health and Nutrition

Rural Livelihoods Approach and Health and Nutrition Rural Livelihoods Approach and Health and Nutrition Overview of the Rural Livelihoods Portfolio Leveraging Institutional platforms of the poor to deliver livelihood outcomes Specific Investments in Financial

More information

ENERGY STATISTICS (Twenty Fifth Issue)

ENERGY STATISTICS (Twenty Fifth Issue) Energy Statistics 2018 ENERGY STATISTICS 2018 (Twenty Fifth Issue) CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE MINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION GOVERNMENT OF INDIA NEW DELHI CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE

More information

Quality of Water and Water Related Diseases in Urban Areas

Quality of Water and Water Related Diseases in Urban Areas 5.1.2 Incidence of water borne diseases in states of India The water borne diseases in India are occurring over the years despite various water quality management plans by the Government of India. Regardless

More information

Pesticide Consumption in India: A Spatiotemporal Analysis

Pesticide Consumption in India: A Spatiotemporal Analysis Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 30 (No.1) January-June 2017 pp 163-172 DOI: 10.5958/0974-0279.2017.00015.5 Pesticide Consumption in India: A Spatiotemporal Analysis P. Indira Devi*, Judy Thomas

More information

Farm Power and Machinery Availability on Indian Farms

Farm Power and Machinery Availability on Indian Farms Vol. 39(1), 2015 Farm and Machinery Availability on Indian Farms R S Singh 1 (LM-10492), Surendra Singh 2 (F-143) and S P Singh 3 (LM-10002) 1 CIAE, Nabi Bagh, Bhopal-462038 2 Ex Project Coordinator, AICRP

More information

Farmer Suicides in India: Levels and Trends across Major States,

Farmer Suicides in India: Levels and Trends across Major States, University of Massachusetts - Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Economics Department Working Paper Series Economics 2016 Farmer Suicides in India: Levels and Trends across Major States, 1995-2011 Deepankar

More information

CENTRAL BUDGET AND FARMERS SUICIDE IN INDIA

CENTRAL BUDGET AND FARMERS SUICIDE IN INDIA CENTRAL BUDGET AND FARMERS SUICIDE IN INDIA Dr. Sunil Gosavi Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Kamaveer Bhaurao Patil College, Navi Mumbai Email: sunil.gosavi070@gamil.com ABSTRACT Farmers

More information

Food Sector Fruits & Vegetables

Food Sector Fruits & Vegetables Food Sector Fruits & Vegetables Sector overview and Industry Structure Trade Statistics Market Size Top companies present in the market Key players Distribution Channels Regulatory Framework Manufacturing

More information

Determining the costs and revenues for dairy cattle

Determining the costs and revenues for dairy cattle Determining the costs and revenues for dairy cattle Regional Training Course on Agricultural Cost of Production Statistics 21 25 November 2016, Daejeon, Republic of Korea 1 Definitions Production costs

More information

COST AND RETURN FROM MILK PRODUCTION AMONG TRIBALS (GUJJARS) IN DIFFERENT DISTRICTS OF JAMMU REGION OF J&K STATE IN INDIA

COST AND RETURN FROM MILK PRODUCTION AMONG TRIBALS (GUJJARS) IN DIFFERENT DISTRICTS OF JAMMU REGION OF J&K STATE IN INDIA Received: 16 th August-2012 Revised: 19 th August -2012 Accepted: 24 th August -2012 Research article COST AND RETURN FROM MILK PRODUCTION AMONG TRIBALS (GUJJARS) IN DIFFERENT DISTRICTS OF JAMMU REGION

More information

Economic analysis of milk production in Rewari district of Haryana

Economic analysis of milk production in Rewari district of Haryana RESEARCH ARTICLE Economic analysis of milk production in Rewari district of Haryana Manish Kumar, Ashok Dhillon and V P Luhach Received : 29 January 2015 / Accepted : 25 March 2015 Abstract The present

More information

ANNUAL SURVEY OF INDUSTRIES Vol. II

ANNUAL SURVEY OF INDUSTRIES Vol. II ANNUAL SURVEY OF INDUSTRIES 2008-09 Vol. II REPORT ON ABSENTEEISM, LABOUR TURNOVER, EMPLOYMENT & LABOUR COST GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LABOUR & EMPLOYMENT LABOUR BUREAU CHANDIGARH/SHIMLA PREFACE

More information

Behaviour of Market Arrivals and Prices of Selected Vegetable Crops: A Study of Four Metropolitan Markets

Behaviour of Market Arrivals and Prices of Selected Vegetable Crops: A Study of Four Metropolitan Markets Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 18 July-December 2005 pp 271-290 Behaviour of Market Arrivals and Prices of Selected Vegetable Crops: A Study of Four Metropolitan Markets Virender Kumar 1,

More information

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the first common policy adopted by the

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the first common policy adopted by the Evaluation of Agricultural Policy Reforms in the European Union OECD 2011 Executive Summary The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the first common policy adopted by the European Community under the Treaty

More information

Demand for Fertilisers in India: Determinants and Outlook for 2020

Demand for Fertilisers in India: Determinants and Outlook for 2020 Ind. Jn. of Agri. Econ. Vol.66, No.4, Oct.-Dec. 2011 Demand for Fertilisers in India: Determinants and Outlook for 2020 Vijay Paul Sharma and Hrima Thaker* I INTRODUCTION The role of chemical fertilisers

More information

Value Chain Analysis of Coconut in Orissa

Value Chain Analysis of Coconut in Orissa Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 23 (Conference Number) 2010 pp 411-418 Value Chain Analysis of Coconut in Orissa Niraj Kumar a * and Sanjeev Kapoor b a Rural Management Division, Xavier Institute

More information

Status and trends in milk production world wide

Status and trends in milk production world wide Milk production is a very important element of the whole dairy chain. In this part of the value chain the major share of a) the costs, b) resources used, c) emissions created and d) the political challenges

More information

Impact of Awareness Programmes and Capacity Building in Farmers Plant Variety Registration under the PPV&FR Act

Impact of Awareness Programmes and Capacity Building in Farmers Plant Variety Registration under the PPV&FR Act Journal of Intellectual Property Rights Vol 19, September 2014, pp 347-352 Impact of Awareness Programmes and Capacity Building in Farmers Plant Variety Registration under the PPV&FR Act R R Hanchinal,

More information

International Journal of Commerce and Business Management. Volume 7 Issue 2 October, RESEARCH PAPER

International Journal of Commerce and Business Management. Volume 7 Issue 2 October, RESEARCH PAPER IJCBM e ISSN 0976 7940 International Journal of Commerce and Business Management Volume 7 Issue 2 October, 2014 300-304 DOI: 10.15740/HAS/IJCBM/7.2/300-304 Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in RESEARCH

More information

A Balance Sheet of Performance of Large dams in India The case of irrigation and flood control

A Balance Sheet of Performance of Large dams in India The case of irrigation and flood control 1 A Balance Sheet of Performance of Large dams in India The case of irrigation and flood control Over the last 51 years of water resources development in Independent India, the nation has spent over Rs.

More information

Survey on Business Regulatory Environment for Manufacturing State Level Assessment

Survey on Business Regulatory Environment for Manufacturing State Level Assessment Survey on Business Regulatory Environment for Manufacturing State Level Assessment Volume II: State Specific Findings Planning Commission, Government of India March, 2014 Final Report Disclaimer Deloitte

More information

TPP and Canada s Dairy Sector: How Reducing Protection Can Increase Rents. Richard Barichello

TPP and Canada s Dairy Sector: How Reducing Protection Can Increase Rents. Richard Barichello TPP and Canada s Dairy Sector: How Reducing Protection Can Increase Rents Richard Barichello Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium s (IATRC

More information

AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & FISHERIES

AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & FISHERIES 8 AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & FISHERIES 8.1 8.2 8.3 Agriculture Animal Husbandry Fisheries AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY & FISHERIES 8.1 Agriculture A gricultural land covers nearly 64.97% of land

More information

Renewable Energy : Solar Power in India

Renewable Energy : Solar Power in India Renewable Energy : Solar Power in India Dr. Vandana Tyagi Principal, GDC Memorial College, Bahal, Haryana Abstract Renewable energy is basically the energy that comes from natural sources such as wind,

More information

CHAPTER III PRICING OF MILK BY STATE GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER III PRICING OF MILK BY STATE GOVERNMENT CHAPTER III PRICING OF MILK BY STATE GOVERNMENT 3.1 Introduction: Since thousands of years milk is being used for infants, young ones and for adult also. Milk has become integral part of food for both

More information

ECONOMICS OF SUGARCANE CULTIVATION IN ANDHRA PRADESH (A Case Study of Visakhapatnam District)

ECONOMICS OF SUGARCANE CULTIVATION IN ANDHRA PRADESH (A Case Study of Visakhapatnam District) Synopsis of the thesis entitled ECONOMICS OF SUGARCANE CULTIVATION IN ANDHRA PRADESH (A Case Study of Visakhapatnam District) By KARRI NARASIMHA PUSAPPA Research Director Prof. M.BHAVANI SHANKAR RAO M.A.,

More information