An overview of Precision Agriculture in Brazil

Transcription

1 An overview of Precision Agriculture in Brazil University of São Paulo José P. Molin PhD, Professor Biosystems Engineering Department

2 Brazil Equator Capricornio Tropic

3 Precision Agriculture (in a strict sense) Spatial variability in the agricultural fields Investigation and mapping Tools for sampling and sensing, GIS Management and decision making Site-specific treatments ( Site-Specific Crop Management ) Technologies related to GNSS and automation Auto steering, telemetry, controlled traffic, sections control (sprayers, seeders) etc...

4 Local history first harvesters with yield monitor light bars on agricultural aircrafts PA Seminar at University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ) first service providers

5 Ituverava, SP,

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7 PA class field visit in 2001

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9 Local history first harvesters with yield monitor light bars on agricultural aircraft PA Seminar at University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ) first service providers undergraduate course local equipment for VRT 2001/ first consultants automatic steering systems (in sugarcane) Brazilian PA Conference PA Committee at the Ministry of Agriculture 2017 Brazilian Association of Precision Agriculture

10 - The large majority of PA use is on VRT based on grid soil sampling - A few users of second generation tools: Management zones based on RS images yield maps PA status soil electrical conductivity Crop sensors for N management and growth regulators Site specific application of agrochemicals

11 A survey done by: Only on grain production! SAMPLING 992 interviews: 429 in the South (1), 415 in the Cerrado (2), 148 in the New Cerrado (3) TARGET GROUP Soy & corn producers (involved on ag machinery acquisition & decision making) TIME From Aug. 31 to Sept. 30, HOW Interview by phone 2 ESTIMATED ERROR Total 3% (1) 5% (2) 5% (3) 8% 1 11

12 SAMPLING Municipalities: total area of soy, corn and Soma das áreas plantadas: Soja, Milho Verão. Milho Safrinha e wheat (ha) Trigo (ha)

13 CROPS: 2012 AND 2013 Data in % of the total sample Soja Soy Milho Corn af/soy Safrinha Milho Corn (1st Verão crop) Trigo Wheat Outras Others Total N= South (1) N= Cerrado (2) N= New Cerrado (3) N=

14 AG. MACHINERY COMBINATIONS Data in % of the total sample TR+PU+PL+CO* TR+PU+PL TR+PL PL TR+CO+PL Outros Others Total N= South (1) N= Cerrado (2) N= New Cerrado (3) N= *TR Tractor, PU- Spreyer, PL Planter, CO - Combine

15 All indications in %. Based on number of interviews. N = 443 Do you use some technique? N = Variable rate seed application 30 Variable rate chemicals application No Yes Variable rate fertilizer application 79 Soil fertility mapping

16 All indications in %.Base: respondents who do mapping of soil fertility. N = 443 Do you use some technique? N = No Yes Field N = 348 Grid Soil fertility mapping

17 GRID SIZE All indications in %. Base: respondents who perform soil fertility mapping by GRIDs. N = 148 Up to 1 1,1-2 2,1-3 3,1-4 4,1-5 6,1-7 7,1-9 Higher than 9,1 Total N=148 South N=49 Cerrado N=68 New MAPITOBA Cerrado N=31

18 EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY N = 374 All indications in %. Do you use some equipment? N = Autopilot Planting Monitor 36 Lightbar No Yes Fetilizer or chemical variable rate controller Base: all respondents 31 Harvest monitor 12 Seed variable rate controller 9 Precision farming software or applications

19 GNSS All indications in %. Yes No N=702 Signal N=702 Open signal Differential or correction signal N=992 RTK (with ground station) Do not know RTX Base: all respondents Base: Who use GPS

20 ADOPTION All indications in %. Based on number of interviews. N=434 Technique x Equipment N= Use technique and equipment Only equipment Only techinque Price Do not see benefits Do not use technique nor equipment 5 Lack of skilled labor Lack of machinery or equipment 10 Complexity Others

21 ADOPTION intend to invest or continue investing All indications in %.Base: all respondents. No Yes Have the equipment N = Do not have the equipment N = Total N =

22 ADOPTION intend to invest or continue investing on what? N = 580 All indications in %.Base: all respondents. 5 Precision farming software or applications 10 Autopilot 12 Lightbar 12 Harvest monitor Planting Monitor Seed variable rate controller N=992 Yes No Fetilizer or chemical variable rate controller Others Do not know 22

23 REASONS FOR ADOPTION All indications in %.Base: respondents who have some equipment of precision farming Productivity gains Production costs reduction Decrease labor Increase machine efficiency Do not know Others Total South Midwest New MAPITOBA Cerrado N = 374 N= 101 N= 198 N= 75

24 MARKET EVOLUTION All indications in %.Base: respondents who own Lightbar Lightbar N=133 With an agricultural machine Yes No Purchase year Não Sabe N = 1 N = 1 N = 2 N = 4 N = 4 N = 1 N = 2 N = 10 N = 5 N = 21 N = 19 N = 27 N = 17 N = 19

25 Q21. Was the equipment purchased with an agricultural machine? (spontaneous) Q19. What is the year of purchase for each MARKET equipment? EVOLUTION (spontaneous) All indications in %.Base: respondents who own Autopilot. Autopilot N=223 With an agricultural machine Yes No Purchase year 5% 5% 2% 2% 18% 21% 16% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 3% 3% 6% 8% Não sabe N = 3 N = 3 N = 2 N = 2 N = 10 N = 11 N = 19 N = 52 N = 59 N = 41 N = 21

26 Q21. Was the equipment purchased with an agricultural machine? (spontaneous) Q19. What is the year of purchase for each MARKET equipment? EVOLUTION (spontaneous) All indications in %.Base: respondents who own planting Harvest monitor. Harvest monitor N=116 With an agricultural machine Yes No 2% 1% 3% Purchase year N=103 3% 17% 23% 1% 17% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 8% 10% 1% 1% 3% 3% Não sabe N = 2 N = 1 N = 1 N = 2 N = 2 N = 5 N = 5 N = 12 N = 22 N = 28 N = 23 N = 13

27 Q21. Was the equipment purchased with an agricultural machine? (spontaneous) Q19. What is the year of purchase for each MARKET equipment? EVOLUTION (spontaneous) Fertilizer or chemical variable rate controller N=127 All indications in %.Base: respondents who own variable rate controller (fertilizers /chemicals). With an agricultural machine Yes No Purchase year 10% 5% 9% 1% 9% 13% 5% 5% 6% 2% 2% 13% 1% 1% 2% 5% 1% 4% 6% Não sabe N = 1 N = 1 N = 4 N = 1 N = 13 N = 4 N = 13 N = 23 N = 30 N = 23 N = 15

28 Q21. Was the equipment purchased with an agricultural machine? (spontaneous) Q19. What is the year of purchase for each MARKET equipment? EVOLUTION (spontaneous) Seed variable rate controller N=45 With an agricultural machine All indications in %.Base: respondents who own Seed variable rate controller Yes No Purchase year 2% 4% 2% 2% 2% 7% 11% 7% 2% 4% 16% 16% 13% 11% Não sabe N = 2 N = 3 N = 4 N = 12 N = 10 N = 7 N = 7 N = 45

29 Thanks! University of São Paulo José P. Molin PhD, Professor Biosystems Engineering Department