PESTICIDE LABELS & SPRAYER CALIBRATION. PMA 4570/6228 Lab July
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1 PESTICIDE LABELS & SPRAYER CALIBRATION PMA 4570/6228 Lab July
2 Important Dates OPEN LAB: Thur. July 27 during regular lab period Group Presentation: Thurs. July min + 5 min for questions Lab Practical Exam: Tues. Aug 1, start 9:30 am Final Exam: Thurs. Aug 3
3 Objectives Be able to retrieve important information from insecticide labels Calculate the amount of pesticides to apply
4 Pesticide Labels Pesticides are toxic substances that are intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating pests (such as insects, plant diseases, rodents and weeds), or any other substance used as a plant growth regulators, defoliants, or desiccants Directions Hazards and Safety Signal word a.i.
5 General information on pesticide labels This information is required on all pesticide labels Review pages in your book Label information will be numbered according to this figure in the following slides
6 Signal Word (#8) KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN CAUTION Signal Word Toxicity Category Acute Oral Acute Dermal Acute Inhalation Primary eye irritation Primary skin irritation Contains 4 % methanol DANGER I 50 mg/kg* 200 mg/kg* 0.05 mg/l* Corrosive (irreversible destruction of ocular tissue) or corneal involvement or irritation persisting for more than 21 days Corrosive (tissue destruction into the dermis and/or scarring) yes WARNING II > mg/kg > mg/kg > mg/l Corneal involvement or other eye irritation clearing in 8-21 days Severe irritation at 72 hours (severe erythema or edema) no CAUTION III > mg/kg > mg/kg > mg/l Corneal involvement or other eye irritation clearing in 7 days or less Moderate irritation at 72 hours (moderate erythema) no none required** IV > 5000 mg/kg > 5000 mg/kg > 2 mg/l Minimal effects clearing in < 24 hours Mild or slight irritation at 72 hours (no irritation or slight erythema) no *The word POISON and the skull-and-crossbones symbol must appear near the word DANGER **Manufactures may use CAUTION signal word and category III labeling if desired
7 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) PPE is listed under the Precautionary Statements section of the label (#9) Can also be called Warning or Caution Statements ehs.uky.edu/classes/ hazcomm/hazcomtrain.html
8 REI and PHI It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling Restricted Entry Interval (REI) Period of time after pesticide is applied when no one can enter the sprayed area without proper PPE. Found in the Directions for Use section (#11) Pre-harvest Interval (PHI) The pesticide cannot be sprayed within this amount of time before harvest Usually found with the crops/pests information
9 Formulations Formulation Wettable Powders (50WP) Emulsifiable Concentrates (2EC) Granules (15G) Solutions (2S) Dusts (D) Flowables (2F) Usually found as a suffix in the brand name (#2) If dry the number indicates % a.i. If liquid the number indicates pounds a.i. per gallon
10
11 Examples Vendex 50WP Cruiser Maxx Acramite 50 WS Assail 70WP Formulation consists of the active ingredient (a.i) and inert, inactive ingredients. Table 5-15, pg If you need more information about labels you can go to EPA website: If you are looking for the labels or the MSDS for the products go to: or go to the manufacturers web site.
12 Adjuvants Materials added to a pesticide formulation to enhance its performance, customize the site-specific needs, or compensate for local conditions Examples: Humectants Stickers Drift control agents Acidifiers/buffers Chapter 5, pages
13 SPRAYER CALIBRATION
14 Main components of a sprayer Tank Nozzle/boom Pump Strainer Agitator Pressure regulator Pressure gauge Hose Credits: Tifton UGA.edu.
15 Types of Sprayers Aerial sprayer vlet/product_6970_ _ Tempo.htm High boy Air blast or Air assist UKAg Extension
16 Nozzles Many types for different uses and crops flat-fan, even-flat, solid cone, adjustable, flood Angle of a nozzle and the height at which it is held from the ground/plant determines spray width and pattern (effective swath width (ESW)) Use different sprayers/nozzles for insecticides and herbicides effective swath width
17 Sprayer calibration Calibration tells you: How much is spraying from the nozzles (flow rate) How fast your equipment is going (speed) Many grower sprayers are calibrated at gallons/acre Calibrated periodically to ensure equipment is operating properly Effective pest control depends on proper application of the pesticide so applying the right amount is important too much (toxicity to crops, non-target, beneficial insects) too little not sufficient control is achieved cost time and money
18 Factors affecting spray output Pressure Speed person walking, tractor Nozzle size - rate of discharge **Sprayer calibration is done using only water
19 Steps to Applying a Pesticide 1. Calibrating Your Equipment 2. Calculating Pesticide Amount 3. Calculating Water Volume
20 Step 1: Calibrating Your Equipment 1. Mark off the area to be used in calibration Start finish Your calibration area does not have to be the same area that you plan to spray. It just needs to be a known area 2. Record the time taken to spray the calibration area only when spraying (using only water). Calculate distance traveled per unit time (speed) 3. Collect in a graduated container and measure the output from the sprayer per unit time (flow rate)
21 Example: Calibrating Your Equipment 1. Mark your calibration area = 1000 sqft 2. Time to spray the area = 50 s to cover 1000 sqft Distance traveled = 200 ft Speed = 200 ft/50 s = 4 ft/s 3. How much water came out = 0.75 gal Flow rate = 0.75 gal/50 s = gal/s 100 ft 5 ft (spray width) Sprayer application rate = 0.75 gallons per 1000 sqft OR (43,560 sqft/acre x 0.75 gal/1000 sqft) gallons/acre = gallons/acre
22 Step 2: Calculating Pesticide Amount 1. Determine your area to be sprayed 2. Determine the recommended application rate Found on the pesticide label 3. Determine the amount of pesticide needed for your application area
23 Example: Calculating Pesticide Amount 1. Determine your area 100 ft x (5 ft x 4) = 2000 sqft 100 ft 2000 sqrt / 43,560 sqft = acres (treatment area in acres) 2. Pesticide: Malathion 5EC Rate for potato leafhopper on beans: 2 pints/acre (application rate) 5 ft 5 ft 5 ft 5 ft 1 acre = 43,560 ft 2 3. How much pesticide for your area? 2 pints/acre x acres = pints of Malathion 5EC 473 ml/pint x pints = 43.4 ml of Malathion 5EC for 2000 sqft (pesticide amount)
24 Step 3: Calculating Your Water Volume 1. Determine the distance you have to travel to cover your spray area Based on your spray width 2. Determine the time to cover your spray area 3. Calculate your water volume
25 Example: Calculating Your Water Volume 1. Determine travel distance 100 ft x 4 = 400 ft 100 ft 2. Speed = 4 ft/s (from calibration) 400 ft / (4 ft/s) = 100 s (travel time) 5 ft 3. Flow Rate (sprayer output) = gallon/s (from calibration) gal/s x 100 s = 1.5 gal 1.5 gal x L/gal = 5.7 L (water volume) 1 gallon = L
26 Pesticide Calculation Results To treat 2000 ft 2 with Malathion 5EC you need: 43.4 ml Malathion 5EC in 5.7 L water If your tank holds 2 L, you would need to re-fill approximately 3 times to cover your area
27 How much active ingredient (a.i.) are you applying?? 1. Determine the a.i. in your pesticide Malation 5EC means 5 pounds a.i./gallon 5 lb/gal x g/lb x 1/3785 gal/ml = 0.60 g ai/ml (metric) 2. How much a.i are you applying? Pesticide applied: 43.4 ml (from step 2) 43.4 ml x 0.60 g ai/ml = 26.0 g a.i. EC (emulsifiable concentrate) is a liquid
28 What if your pesticide has a solid formulation? How do you calculate a.i.? 1. Determine the a.i. in your pesticide Grandevo is a powder a.i. is 30% of the formula 2. How much a.i are you applying? Use the percent a.i. from the label to calculate the a.i. you are applying Pesticide applied (example): 62.6 g 62.6 g x 0.30 ai = 18.8 g a.i.
29 Sprayer calibration Properly calibrated equipment is required for effective use of pesticides Factors that affect effectiveness of pesticide application Temperature Rain Soil type Type of equipment Application rate Thoroughly rinse the spray tank after use
30 Past, present.future??? Then Now DDT application on Elm tree Wisconsin Historical Images
31 Future....robots Robotics tractors and sprayers autonomous vehicles
32 Useful Unit Conversions 1 gallon = 128 fl oz (fluid ounces) 1gallon = ml 1 fluid ounce = 29.6 ml 1 pint = 473 ml 1 pound = grams ( kg) 1 ounce (dry) = grams 1 acre = 43,560 ft 2 1 acre = 0.4 hectares
33 FINAL Homework Insecticide Labels and Calibration handout Worth 10 points DUE Thur, July 27 at beginning of class
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