Western Lake Erie Watersheds

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2 Western Lake Erie Watersheds 7.1 Million Acres 70% Oh, 12% In, & 18% Mi About 76% Cropland, 3/4 Corn & Soybeans Maumee Drains 2/3 rds Area

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4 Average Annual Export From the Maumee WS is 1.1 Pounds of P per acre as measured through the Heidelberg Gage at Waterville.

5 Where Does the Agricultural Component of P Runoff Come From? What Causes The Loss?

6 March

7 March 2009

8 Maumee River, Total Phosphorus Loading, 2003 Water Year TP loading rate, mtons/day TP load, metric tons TP loading rate, mtons/day Major Storms With High Delivery of P 2,448 metric tons P exported 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, TP load, metric tons 0 10/01 11/30 01/30 04/01 06/01 08/01 0 Date

9 March June Maumee Total P Year 2011 Year ,099 Year 2012

10 08/30/ /03/2011)

11 Phosphorus Produced In Western Lake Erie Basin As Percent of Crop Need Supplied By Manure 17% Supplied By Commercial Fertilizer 83% 8 lbs/ac Average 40 lbs/ac Average NRCS Watershed Analysis

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13 Climate Trends NWF Report nd Wettest June for Ohio since rd Wettest May in 100 years Maumee ws Daily Precip Records broken in Ohio % Annual Ohio Precip fell Feb May th Wettest May since 1882 Toledo Airport

14 How Do We Reduce The Loss?

15 Upland/In field Edge of field Downstream 4 R approach % Reduction in Pollutant Transport Scale Avoid Control Trap What is the most effective scale to address water quality? How do we avoid tradeoffs among pollutants? How does it depend on the ecoregion? How do we convince landowners to look at their individual fields in a larger environmental context?

16 Key to Reducing Agricultural Phosphorus Transport Reduce Runoff P moves with water! Improve Soil Quality Manage fertilizer better Trap Nutrients At Edge of Field and Within Our Drainage/Stream Systems

17 What Conservation BMP Practices Are Effective?

18 Right Time Right Rate Right Place Cover Crops

19 It Starts With Residue Management and No Till Fertilizer In Soil + Residue = Less Runoff

20 Fertilizer Injection Into Cover Crop

21 Buffers Wetlands Grass Waterways Filter Precision Strips Mgt.

22 Drainage Water Management Blind Inlet Need To Put Filters and Retention Back in our drainage Systems Controlled Drainage Bio Filters

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24 Water Quality Benefits Samples were collected from the Rolland Wolfrum Hale Farm (Hicksville, OH) on December 20, In all we have collected 200+ samples, to date, and the soluble P from gypsum treated soils averaging over 50% reduction.

25 Measuring Field Ohio Phosphorus Risk Evaluation And Field Scale Edge of Field Monitoring Scale Surface and Tile Runoff 16 Paired Edge of Field Sites 32 Fields

26 Do These Things Work?

27 Since 1974 Maumee Sandusky Flow Has Increased Suspended Sediment Has Decreased Particulate Phosphorous Has Decreased 4.6% Per Decade 4.9% Per Decade -18% Per Decade -11% Per Decade -14% Per Decade -10% Per Decade Source: Heidelberg College NCWQ

28 2013 Chesapeake CEAP Report: Documents 5 Years of Changes in the Watershed Sediment Nitrogen Phosphorous Soil Carbon

29 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% No Conservation Practices 2011 Chesapeake Edge of Field Loads With Conservation Practices Compared To No Practice Condition 100% Base Sediment Load % of Base 18% With Conservation Practices Phosphorus Load % of Base 25% With Conservation Practices

30 Chesapeake Bay 2006 to 2011 Changes Structural Practices on Edge Field Trapping on Continuous No Till on Cover crops at some point in rotation on Change 52% of ac 66% of ac 14% increase 14% of ac 31% of ac 17% increase 38% of ac 54% of ac 16% increase 12% of ac 52% of ac 40% increase

31 Chesapeake Bay 2006 to 2011 Edge of Field Changes in Losses: Change Sediment loss 5.1 t/ac 1.9 t/ac 63% reduction Total P loss 3.4 #/ac 1.9 #/ac 44% reduction N Loss surface 15.7 #/ac 9.7 #/ac Acres losing Soil Carbon 38% reduction 189 #/ac 95 #/ac 50% reduction

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33 Impact of Conservation Practices on Phosphorous Loading To Lake Erie Basin NRCS Great Lakes CEAP Report Tables 49&50 No Practices Loss Edge of Field P Losses Existing Practices Loss Existing Practices Loss P Reduction Due To Conservation Practices Pounds Reduction Percent Reduction 20.9 Million Lbs 14.2 Million lbs 2.05 Lbs/ac 6.65 Million Lbs 32%

34 Potential P Savings From Additional Treatment Basin Wide All Areas Treated /W All Practices Edge of Field Savings Great Lakes Basin CEAP Study Critical Under Treated Areas Additional Under Treated Areas Remaining Areas Acres 2,840,000 5,040,000 6,920,000 % of Basin 19% 34% 47% Potential P Savings Avg Lbs/Ac Worst Acres 2.8 lbs Middle Acres 1.9 lbs Best Acres 0.9 lbs Reduction 14% 17% 12%

35 What About Regulation?

36 March

37 Scene of the Crime!

38 44 Different Crop Fields!

39 14 Different Soil Types 818 Acres Drainage Area

40 30 Different Parcels 18 Farms & 12 Home sites

41 44 Crop Fields 14 Soil Types 30 Landowners 18 Different Farms 4 Major Tile Mains 818 Acres Drained

42 March Who Do You Handcuff?

43 8,700 = Number of These 818 Acre Units in Western Lake Erie Basin Watershed!

44 15,500 Farms In Ohio Portion of Western Lake Erie Basin!

45 How Can We Change/Increase Adoption of These Practices?

46 Ohio Agriculture Fertilizer Applicator Required if apply fertilizer on more than 50 acres Three hour training session by Sept 2017 Renewed every 3 years 750 Farmers Attended First Three Sessions Certification Training

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48 For FY 2010, 2011, and 2012, NRCS Invested $24 Million in EQIP Cost Share In Lake Erie Basin. That Calculates to an average of $1.60 Per Acre On Land That: Sells for $5,000 to $12,000 per acre Has Potential for Gross Receipts of $500 to $1000 per acre Impacts a $1 Billion Per Year Sport fishing Industry and $11 Billion Tourism Industry

49 What About Targeting? Every EQIP Application Is Ranked On More Than 20 Different factors!

50 Sample Ranking Questions Are the practices planned within one of the following Priority HUC 10 Watersheds: (100 Points) i. Bad Creek, Upper Swan Creek, and Lower Swan Creek HUC , , (Fulton and Lucas Counties).. Does a field within offered acres have a soil test exceeding 150 lbs/acre of P2O5 (Bray P1 Soil Test)? (50 Points) Are 50% of the acres adjacent to a stream or ditch? (10 Points) Priority Practices: Blind inlet, Drainage Water Management Structure, Cover Crops, or Nutrient Placement. (50 Points)

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53 The Tri State Western Lake Erie Regional Conservation Partnership Proposal = $17.5 Million in Conservation Funding to the Western Basin.

54 More Than 40 Partners Signed Letters of Intent To Cooperate for the Tri State WELB Project.

55 RCPP Goal Goal to protect the western basin of Lake Erie by reducing phosphorus (P) and sediment loading, harmful algal blooms (HAB) by working with partners and farmers to identify sources of nutrients and sediment and implement conservation practices and technology to address them

56 What Other Efforts Are Underway?

57 2015 Water Quality Programs for Nutrient Reduction Ohio Department of Natural Resources Division of Soil & Water Resources

58 Nutrient Reduction Programs Lake Erie Nutrient Reduction Program $1.2 Million August 2014 thru March, 2015 Great Lakes Restoration Initiative Nutrient Reduction Program $5.9 Million August, 2014 Sign ups continue until Fall, 2015 Regional Conservation Partnership Program $17.5 Million January, 2015 thru December 2019

59 Lake Erie Nutrient Reduction Program Three Best Management Practices Cover Crops Controlled Drainage Structure Blind Tile Inlets

60 GLRI NRP Best Management Practices Structural Practices Manure Storage & Roofing Controlled Drainage Agronomic System Practices Soil Testing Cover Crops Agronomic System

61 GLRI NRP Best Management Practice Fertilizer Placement Goal: 20,000 Acres $1,300, Looking for new and innovative ways to place fertilizer below the surface Ksfarmsmfg.com, 2014

62 Michigan Agricultural Environmental Assurance Program From the Fields to the Great Lakes A team approach to increase conservation practice implementation and MAEAP verifications on farms in the Western Lake Erie Watershed Basin

63 Iott Farms Education On Farm Risk Assessment Third Party (MDARD) Verification Calby & Lindsay Garrison Farm Ted Mason Farm

64 More Farmers need to get out to the Great Lakes to see for themselves and learn about what is happening the Great Lakes are a treasure and we all need to do our part to protect them. Blaine Baker Bakerlad Dairy, Clayton, MI

65 OSU Field To Faucet Initiative

66 All WLEB Farmers certified by Earth Day, 2015 Assist Farmers prepare Nutrient Mgt Plans OFB, OSU Extension NRCS grant for 4 Agronomists in basin Demonstration farm proposal with NRCS Ohio Farm Bureau Federation $1 Million Water Quality Action Plan

67 Industry Led 4R Nutrient Certification Program 49 AG RETAILERS HAVE APPLIED REPRESENTS 1.25 MILLION ACRES 25% OF MAUMEE WATERSHED

68 Summary: We know today. No Regret Actions: 1. Manage runoff Maintain Residue Cover, Improve Soil Quality, Use Buffer and Trapping Practices. Manage tile drain water 2. Follow 4R s Follow Tri State Guide Recommendations, Soil Test, Manure Test, Use Variable Rate Technology. 3. Drawl down High Soil Test Fields. 4. Eliminate application on frozen and snow covered ground 5. Place P in contact with the soil, or incorporate and plant a cover crop 6. Look for low risk application windows (after wheat harvest, etc) 7. Do not apply ahead of predicted large rain events.

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