Growing Intra-Africa Trade and Investment. By: Oluwatoyin Sanni Group CEO, United Capital Plc
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1 Growing Intra-Africa Trade and Investment By: Oluwatoyin Sanni Group CEO, United Capital Plc
2 Introduction Introduction Africa s export trade heavily concentrated in primary commodities characterized by slow growth, price instability and long term deterioration of terms of trade. A key feature of Africa s trade, with adverse implications for impact on economic growth and development, is high external orientation and relatively low intra regional trade. While it has grown in recent times, intra-africa remains relatively flat at 12% compared to 60%, 40%, 30% intra regional trade in Europe, North America and ASEAN Regions respectively. Currently, doing business across borders on the continent can be unnecessarily expensive and inefficient. We have 54 nations and 54 sets of rules, regulations, stake holders and market dynamics.
3 Intra-Africa Trade Hence our inability to harness synergies and complementarities of our economies and take advantage of economies of scale and benefits like income multiplication and employment generation that market integration provides. Products and services that could have been sourced competitively from other African countries are sometimes imported from outside the continent. Boosting intra Africa trade and deepening regional market integration constitute a necessary response to the challenges facing Africa in the multilateral trading system and the global economy. The boosting of intra Africa trade, deepening of Africa s market integration, fostering collaboration and even healthy competition among African countries, will enhance capacity and more effective competition on the global market. 16.0% 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Share of intra-regional export vs. total export (Source: AfDB statistical yearbook)
4 Growing Intra-Africa Trade 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Africa's GDP Africa Population Africa's Major Trading Partners 0% Latin America North America Eastern Europe Africa Asia Pacific Western Europe As shown in the chart above, Africa nations major trading partners tend to be Asian nations
5 African Solutions to African Problems Growing Intra-Africa Trade There must be concerted effort by Africa s public and private institutions to partner and solve Africa s problems. It is important that African leaders, government and private businesses, continue to drive toward solutions that will support accelerated growth in intra-african investment and trade. Our priority over the next few years should be acceleration of regional integration. If not, Africa will remain marginalized in the global economy and African nations will struggle to compete for a greater share of foreign investment.
6 Intra-Africa Trade & Investment Intra Africa Investments The Example of Ecobank & UBA Ecobank s Africa investment strategy has seen it expand to 36 African countries. It began by investing in five countries Benin, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria and Togo. By 2009, it had expanded its operations to 30 countries on the African continent. UBA has also expanded from its base from Nigeria to 18 other African countries beginning with Ghana. Now it is in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, CDI, Chad, Congo Brazzaville, DRC, Gabon, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. Benefits include: Capacity Building - Intra-African expansion has aided knowledge transfer to host nations and accelerated financial sector development. New Products: Services have been enriched and growth achieved through new products. In 2012, Ecobank launched it s mobile money platform which enabled lower income individuals to access financial services. In 6 months, it had attracted 300,000 customers. Now Africa leads the world in Mobile Money.
7 Intra-Africa Trade & Investment Intra-Africa Investment: The Dangote Cement Story Dangote Cement is investing $5 billion across Africa to build a pan-african cement group, with factories in Senegal, Ethiopia, Zambia, and South Africa. Dangote Cement s $480 million plant in Ethiopia is said to be the single largest investment by an African corporation in Africa. Benefits Include: Promoting regional development and Industrialization Multiplier effect on other industries and growth of SMEs. Investments will speed up infrastructural development and complement government efforts at job creation
8 Regional Integration The East African Community Improving-Intra African Trade The leading example of regional integration in Africa is the East-African Community (EAC) composed of Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda and has grown to $100 billion in GDP from $20 billion in The EAC became the 2 nd fastest growing economic bloc in the world and the fastest growing in sub-saharan Africa with total FDI inflow in the region has tripled from USD 1.3 billion in 2005 to 3.8 billion in Currently, a common market has been adopted with the eventual goal of forming a monetary union. Plans are also underway for the creation of a common stock market. Many corporate entities and SMEs have recorded significant growth on account of opportunities opened by integration.
9 Improving Intra-Africa Trade Regional Integration East African Community (cont d) Why is the EAC performing better than others? The EAC focused on infrastructure development in the region communications/ict, Energy and Transportation with a focus on expanding their connecting rail networks. Provides free mobility within the region. The EAC ensured that member states were quick to realize that integration was not a zero-sum game and that all members stood to benefit. The EAC successfully harmonized operations of Ministries of Finance and Central Banks during budget preparation and presentation Launch of the East African Payment System (EAPS) that facilitates secure transfer of payments and settlements within the region. Integrated Stock Exchange, Commodities Exchange & Trading Rules
10 Barriers to Intra-Africa Trade and Investment Barriers to Intra-Africa Trade Lack of integration of systems that allow the movement of people, goods and services e.g regulatory impediments, barriers and road blocks to movement of persons and goods. Poor infrastructure - Road, rail and power are often substandard, slowing down transportation and worse still, making it easier for coastal countries to import items from far across the oceans than to purchase from their neighbors. Poor industrial diversification. In many cases, neighbors produce largely similar products and on the surface, see no reason to trade with one another. Language and cultural barriers still exist between African countries and could hinder integration opportunities
11 Solutions Solutions to Low Intra-Africa Trade and Investment Deeper integration throughout the continent would enable greater levels of trade, providing a further boost to diversification and sustainable growth and create larger markets that will be more attractive to foreign and domestic investors. Regional communities such as ECOWAS and initiatives such as the West African Capital Market Integration Initiative (WACMI) must receive the full support of member countries in order to have a substantial impact on the region Improved education and skills development must be made a priority as well as strong macro economic management. Private sector needs to play a stronger role to grow intra-africa investment and exploit opportunities in power generation, ICT, water and transport. Successful private organizations could easily expand their operations to neighboring countries if there are conducive policies in place.
12 Conclusion African governments and businesses are missing a lot of opportunities for regional trade and investment, limiting growth. As a Region, we are lagging behind in the area of Regional Integration which is no longer simply desirable for global competitiveness, but a necessity. Integration provides a multitude of WIN WIN opportunities for African governments, businesses and Individuals. We must eliminate the artificial barriers created by us, collapse the walls of suspicion and pool our human capital, natural resources and capital resources to leverage our comparative advantages for collective benefit. Thank you.
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