Indicative simplified baseline and monitoring methodologies for selected small-scale CDM project activity categories

Transcription

1 III.AU./Verion 01 TYPE III - OTHER PROJECT ACTIVITIES Project participant hall apply the general guideline to SSC CDM methodologie, information on additionality (attachment A to Appendix B) and general guidance on leakage in bioma project activitie (attachment C to Appendix B) provided at < mutati mutandi. III.AU Methane emiion reduction by adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation Technology/meaure 1. The methodology comprie technology/meaure that reult in reduced anaerobic decompoition of organic matter in rice cropping oil and thu reduced generation of methane. Rice farm that change the water regime during the cultivation period from continuouly to intermittent flooded condition and/or a hortened period of flooded condition are included. Alternate wetting and drying method and aerobic rice cultivation method are covered (ee < Rice farm that change their rice cultivation practice from tranplanted to direct eeded rice are included For the purpoe of thi methodology the following definition apply: (a) (b) (c) (d) Tranplanted Rice (TPR): a ytem of planting rice where eed are raied in a nurery bed for ome 20 to 30 day. The young eedling are then directly tranplanted into the flooded rice field; Direct Seeded Rice (DSR): a ytem of cultivating rice in which eed, either pregerminated or dry, are broadcat or own directly in the field under dry- or wetland condition; no tranplanting proce i involved; IPCC approach: the mot recent verion of the applicable IPCC guidance on methane emiion from rice cultivation. At the time of methodology ubmiion, thi i chapter 5.5, volume 4 of the 2006 IPCC Guideline for National Greenhoue Ga Inventorie; Project cultivation practice: a et of element of a cultivation practice which i adopted under the CDM project activity. Thi mainly conit of the adjuted irrigation method. Field preparation, fertilization and weed and pet control may alo be included; IPCC approach provide for the following definition (ee volume 4 of the 2006 IPCC Guideline for National Greenhoue Ga Inventorie for further detail): 1 A witch from tranplanted rice with continuouly flooded field to DSR lead to a reduced flooding period ince DSR require non-flooded condition after owing until the eed ha fully germinated and developed into a viable, young plantlet (at the 2 to 4 leaf tage ). 1/12

2 III.AU./Verion 01 III.AU. Methane emiion reduction by adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation (e) (f) (g) (h) Water regime: a combination of rice ecoytem type (e.g. irrigated, rainfed and deep water) and flooding pattern (e.g. continuouly flooded, intermittently flooded); Upland: Field are never flooded for a ignificant period of time; Irrigated: Field are flooded for a ignificant period of time and water regime i fully controlled; Rainfed and deep water: Field are flooded for a ignificant period of time and water regime depend olely on precipitation. 3. Thi methodology i applicable under the following condition: (a) Rice cultivation in the project area i predominantly characterized by irrigated, flooded field for an extended period of time during the growing eaon, i.e. farm whoe water regime can be claified a upland or rainfed and deep water are not eligible to apply thi methodology. Thi hall be hown from a repreentative urvey conducted in the geographical region of the propoed project or by uing national data. Thi project area characterization hall alo include information on pre-eaon water regime and applied organic amendment, o that all dynamic parameter a hown in Table 1 are covered by the baeline tudy; (b) The project rice field are equipped with controlled irrigation and drainage facilitie uch that both during dry and wet eaon, appropriate dry/flooded condition can be etablihed on the field; (c) The project activity doe not lead to a decreae in rice yield. Likewie, it doe not require the farm to witch to a cultivar that ha not been grown before; (d) Training and technical upport during the cropping eaon that deliver appropriate knowledge in field preparation, irrigation, drainage and ue of fertilizer to the farmer i part of the project activity and i to be documented in a verifiable manner (e.g. protocol of training, documentation of on-ite viit). In particular the project proponent i able to enure that the farmer by himelf or through experienced aitance i able to determine the crop upplemental N fertilization need. The applied method hall ae the leaf N tatu either via a leaf colour chart (LCC) or alternative technical mean (photo enor, teting tripe etc.); (e) Project proponent hall aure that the introduced cultivation practice, including the pecific cultivation element, technologie and ue of crop protection product, i not ubject to any local regulatory retriction; (f) Project proponent have acce to infratructure to meaure emiion from reference field uing cloed chamber method and laboratory analyi; (g) Aggregated annual emiion reduction of all field included under one project activity hall be le than or equal to 60 kt CO 2 equivalent. 2/12

3 III.AU./Verion 01 III.AU. Methane emiion reduction by adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation 4. For the purpoe of defining reference field condition for baeline and project emiion meaurement and their comparion with project field, claify each project field with it pecific pattern of cultivation condition, applying the following parameter: Table 1: Parameter for the definition of cultivation pattern Nr. Parameter Type a Value/Categorie Source/Method b 1 Water regime Dynamic Continuouly flooded Baeline: Farmer information on-eaon c Single Drainage Project: Monitoring Multiple Drainage 2 Water regime Dynamic Flooded Baeline: Farmer information pre-eaon Short drainage (<180d) Project: Monitoring Long drainage (>180d) 3 Organic Dynamic Straw on-eaon d Baeline: Farmer information Amendment Green manure Project: Monitoring Straw off-eaon d Farm yard manure Compot No organic amendment 4 Soil ph Static < 4.5 ISRIC-WISE oil property databae e or national data > Soil Organic Static < 1% ISRIC-WISE oil property Carbon 1 3 % databae e or national data > 3% 6 Climate Static [AEZ] f Rice Almanac, HarvetChoice f Comment: (a) Dynamic condition are thoe that are connected to the management practice of a field, thu can change over time (no matter whether intended by the project activity or due to other reaon) and hall be monitored in the project field. Static condition are ite-pecific parameter that characterize a oil and do not (relevantly) change over time and thu do in principle only have to be determined once for a project and the correponding field; (b) Source/method of data acquiition to determine the applicable value for each parameter; (c) The value upland, regular rainfed, drought prone and deep water, which are regularly ued to differentiate the on-eaon water regime (ee IPCC guideline), are not mentioned here, becaue thee categorie are excluded from a project activity under thi methodology (cf. applicability criteria); (d) Straw on-eaon mean traw applied jut before rice eaon, and traw off-eaon mean traw applied in the previou eaon. Rice traw that wa left on the urface and incorporated into oil jut before the rice eaon i claified a traw on-eaon; (e) For thee tatic parameter, refer to appropriate global or national data. The databae from ISRIC provide oil data which can be ued for thi purpoe; (f) Climate zone: ue agroecological zone a hown in the Rice Almanac or by HarvetChoice 3/12

4 III.AU./Verion 01 III.AU. Methane emiion reduction by adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation With the help of thi field characterization, project field can be grouped according to their cultivation pattern. All field with the ame cultivation pattern form one group. Boundary 5. The geographic boundary encompae the rice field where the cultivation method and water regime are changed. The patial extent of the project boundary include all field that change the cultivation method in the context of the project activity. Baeline 6. The baeline cenario i the continuation of the current practice e.g. tranplanted and continuouly flooded rice cultivation in the project field. 7. The baeline emiion hall be calculated on a eaonal bai uing the following formula: BE y = BE (1) BE = G g = 1 EF 3 BL,, g A, g *10 * * GWP (2) BE Baeline emiion in year y [tco y 2 e] BE Baeline emiion from project field in eaon [tco 2 e] EF BL,, Baeline emiion factor of group g in eaon [kgch g 4 /ha per eaon] A, Area of project field of group g in eaon [ha] g GWP Global warming potential of CH 4 [tco 2 e/t, ue value of 21] g Group g, cover all project field with the ame cultivation pattern a determined with the help of table 1 (G = total number of group) Determination of baeline emiion factor on reference field 8. Baeline reference field hall be et up in a way that they are repreentative of baeline emiion in the project rice field. For each group of field with the ame cultivation pattern, a defined with the help of Table 1, at leat three reference field with the ame pattern hall be determined in the project area. On thee field, meaurement uing the cloed chamber method hall be carried out, each reulting in an emiion factor expreed a kg /ha per eaon. The 4/12

5 III.AU./Verion 01 III.AU. Methane emiion reduction by adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation eaonally integrated baeline emiion factor EF BL,, g hall be derived a average value from the three meaurement for each group (ee the annex for guidance on methane meaurement). Leakage 9. Any effect of the project activity on GHG emiion outide the project boundary are deemed to be negligible and do not have to be conidered under thi methodology. Project emiion 10. Project emiion conit of the emiion, which will till be emitted under the changed cultivation practice. Due to the optimized N fertilization practice (cf. applicability criteria above, N fertilizer control), N 2 O emiion do not ignificantly deviate from the baeline emiion and hence are not conidered. 11. emiion from project field are calculated on a eaonal bai a follow: PE y = PE (3) PE = G g = 1 EF 3 P,, g A, g 10 * * GWP (4) PE Project emiion in year y [tco y 2 e] PE Project emiion from project field in eaon [tco 2 e] EF P,, Project emiion factor of group g in eaon [kgch g 4 /ha per eaon] Determination of project emiion factor on reference field 12. The eaonally integrated project emiion factor EF P,, g hall be determined uing meaurement on at leat three project reference field that fulfil the ame condition a the baeline reference field, with the difference that they are cultivated according to the defined project cultivation practice. Project reference field hall be etablihed cloe to the baeline reference field and begin with the growing eaon at the ame time. EF P,, g i the average of the meaurement reult from the three reference field. 5/12

6 III.AU./Verion 01 III.AU. Methane emiion reduction by adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation Monitoring Emiion reduction 13. The emiion reduction achieved by the project activity hall be calculated a the difference between the baeline and the project emiion. ER = BE PE (5) ER Emiion reduction in eaon [tco 2 e] Ex ante etimation of emiion reduction 14. For the ex ante etimation of emiion reduction within the PDD, project participant hall either refer to own field experiment or etimate baeline and project emiion with the help of national data or IPCC tier 1 default value for emiion and caling factor. The approach hall be explained and jutified in the PDD. Monitoring of baeline and project emiion 15. The following parameter hall be monitored a per the Table 2 below. The applicable requirement pecified in the General Guideline to SSC CDM methodologie (e.g. calibration requirement, ampling requirement) hall be taken into account by the project participant. Table 2: Monitoring parameter No Parameter Decription Unit Monitoring/ recording Frequency 1. EF BL,, g Baeline kg /ha Regular Emiion per meaurement a Factor eaon per cloed chamber method guidance, eaonally 2. EF P,, g Project Emiion Factor kg /ha per eaon integrated Regular meaurement a per cloed chamber method guidance, eaonally integrated Meaurement Method and Procedure A per the intruction in the annex (Guideline for meauring methane emiion from rice field) and chapter of the IPCC guideline A per the intruction in the annex (Guideline for meauring methane emiion from rice field) and chapter of the IPCC guideline 6/12

7 III.AU./Verion 01 III.AU. Methane emiion reduction by adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation No Parameter Decription Unit Monitoring/ recording Frequency 3. A. g Aggregated project area in a given eaon. Only compliant farm are conidered (ee paragraph 16) Monitoring of farmer compliance with project cultivation practice Meaurement Method and Procedure ha Every eaon To be determined by collecting the project field ize in a project databae. The ize of project field hall be determined by GPS or atellite data. Should uch technologie not be available, etablihed field ize meaurement approache hall be ued provided that uncertaintie are taken into account in a conervative manner 16. In order to determine whether the project field are cultivated according to the project cultivation practice a defined by the project activity, and thu aure that meaurement on the reference field are repreentative for the emiion from the project field, a cultivation logbook hall be maintained for all project field. With the help of the logbook, all parameter that are part of the project cultivation practice, and at leat the following, hall be documented by the farmer: (a) (b) (c) (d) Sowing (date); Fertilizer and crop protection application (date and amount); Water regime on the field (e.g. dry/moit/flooded ); Yield. 17. In addition, farmer hall tate whether they have determined the crop upplemental N fertilization need before fertilization. 18. Project proponent hall aure that the project reference field are cultivated in a way that they repreent the range of cultivation practice element on the project field in a conervative manner with repect to methane emiion. Should farmer relevantly deviate from the defined project cultivation practice, o that their field cannot be deemed to be repreented by the reference field any more, thoe field hall not be taken into account for the determination of the aggregated project area A, g of that eaon. Thi requirement hall aure that only thoe farm are conidered for the calculation of emiion reduction which do actually comply with the project cultivation practice. 7/12

8 III.AU./Verion 01 III.AU. Methane emiion reduction by adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation 19. ing and verification hall be done on the bai of ample of the log-book from the farmer, according to the latet verion of the General guideline for ampling and urvey for SSC project activitie. 20. Project proponent hall et up a databae which hold data and information that allow an unambiguou identification of participating rice farm, including name and addre of the rice farmer, ize of the field and, if applicable, additional farm pecific information a defined above. Project activity under a Programme of activitie 21. No pecific meaure for conideration of leakage in cae of programme of activitie apply. 8/12

9 III.AU./Verion 01 III.AU. Methane emiion reduction by adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation Annex GUIDELINES FOR MEASURING METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RICE FIELDS The implementation of methane meaurement in rice field require the involvement of expert in thi field or at leat experienced taff trained by expert (i.e. from reearch intitution). Thee guideline cannot replace expertie in etting up chamber meaurement. They rather et minimum requirement that erve for tandardizing the condition under which methane emiion are meaured for project under thi methodology. Project proponent hall prepare a detailed plan for the eaonal methane meaurement before the tart of the eaon. The plan hall include the chedule for the field and laboratory meaurement, the logitic that are neceary to get the ga ample to the laboratory and a cropping calendar. The plan hall alo include all reference field pecific information regarding location and climate, oil, water management, plant characteritic, fertilizer treatment and organic amendment. The following guidance i tructured according to the tep from field meaurement to emiion factor calculation. Project proponent hall make ure that the meaurement on project and baeline reference field are carried out in an equal manner and imultaneouly. Feature Chamber material On the field - technical option for the chamber deign Condition Option 1: Non-tranparent Option 2: Tranparent Commercially available PVC Manufactured chamber uing acrylic container or manufactured gla; chamber (e.g. uing galvanized Advantage of tranparent chamber: iron); could be placed for longer time pan Painted white or covered with on the field if equipped with a lid reflective material (to prevent that remain open between increaing inide temperature); meaurement and i only cloed Only uitable for hort-term during meaurement expoure (typically 30 min) followed by immediate removal from the field 9/12

10 III.AU./Verion 01 III.AU. Methane emiion reduction by adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation Feature Condition Placement in Option 1: Fixed bae Option 2: Without bae oil Bae made of non-corroive Chamber have to be placed on the material and remain in the field oil with open lid to allow ecape of for the whole eaon; eventual ebullition Bae hould allow tight ealing of the chamber; Bae hould have bore in the ubmerged ection to allow water exchange between inide and outide; Bae hould be intalled at leat 24 hour before the firt ampling Auxiliarie of Thermometer for meauring the temperature inide the chamber; chamber Fan (battery operated) inide the chamber for mix the inide air during ampling; Sampling port (rubber topper placed in a bore of the chamber) Baal area Rectangular or rounded, but ha to cover minimum of four rice hill (ca. 0.1 m² Height minimum) Option 1: Fixed height Total height (protruding bae + chamber) hould exceed plant height Option 2: Flexible height Adjutable to plant height; Chamber with different height or modular deign Feature Replicate chamber per plot Number of air ample per expoure / data point per meaurement Expoure time Daytime of meaurement Meaurement interval Syringe Sample torage until analyi On the field air ampling Condition Minimum requirement: Three replicate chamber per plot Minimum requirement: Three ample per expoure 30 minute Morning Minimum requirement: once per week Suitability tet (leak proof) before meaurement Preferably equipped with a lock for eae of handling Storage < 24 h: air ample can remain in yringe Storage > 24 h: tranfer air ample into evacuated vial, tore with light overpreure 10/12

11 III.AU./Verion 01 III.AU. Methane emiion reduction by adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation Feature Method Injection Column Calibration Laboratory analyi Condition Ga Chromatograph with flame ionization detector (FID) Direct injection or with multi-port valve and ample loop Packed (e.g. molecular ieve) or capillary column With certified tandard ga each day of analyi before and after the analye are done Calculation of the emiion rate for a plot (reference field) 1. For each ga analyi, calculate the ma of emiion with the help of the following formula: 1atm m, t = cch 4, t * VChamber * M * (1) R * T *1000 m CH, t t c CH, t 4 Ma of in chamber at time t [mg] t Point of time of ample (e.g. 0, 15, 30 in cae of three ample within 30 minute) 4 concentration in chamber at time t, from ga analyi [ppm] V Chamber volume [L] Chamber M Molar ma of CH 4 : 16 g/mol 1 atm Aume contant preure of 1atm, unle preure meaurement i intalled R Univeral ga contant: 0,08206 L atm K-1 mol-1 Temperature at time t [K] T t 2. Determine the lope of the line of bet fit for the value of M over time with the help of oftware (e.g. Excel): Δm Δt = (2) Slope of line of bet fit [mg/min] 11/12

12 III.AU./Verion 01 III.AU. Methane emiion reduction by adjuted water management practice in rice cultivation 3. Calculate the emiion rate per hour for one chamber meaurement: RE = * 60min / ch A Chamber (3) RE ch Emiion rate of chamber ch [mg/h * m²] ch Index for replicate chamber on a plot A Chamber area [m²] Chamber 4. Calculate the average emiion rate of a chamber meaurement per plot: RE plot Ch ch= 1 = RE Ch ch (4) RE Average emiion rate of a plot [mg/h * m²] plot Ch Number of replicate chamber per plot Further procedure: From the average emiion rate per plot of each chamber meaurement, derive the eaonally integrated emiion factor by integration of the meaurement reult over the eaon length. The implet way of integration i multiplying the emiion rate with the number of hour of the meaurement interval (e.g. one week) and accumulating the reult of every meaurement interval over the eaon. Convert from mg/m² to kg/ha by multiplying with Hitory of the document Verion Date Nature of reviion 01, Annex # 15 April 2011 To be conidered at. Deciion Cla: Regulatory Document Type: Standard Buine Function: Methodology 12/12