Know how. Know now. Crop Water Use Efficiency of Corn, Soybean, and Sorghum under Dryland Conditions
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1 GRAIN YIELD, bushel/acre 2/25/2013 Crop Water Use Efficiency of Corn, Soybean, and Sorghum under Dryland Conditions Jenny Rees UNL Extension Educator, Clay CORN SORGHUM WHEAT SOYBEAN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, inches 1
2 Watermark Sensors were installed at 1, 2, 3 and 4 depths in each plot and data was recorded every hour with Watermark dataloggers. Electrodes Sensor collar Stainless steel sleeve Hand-held meter Field Experimental Design Datalogger (8 soil sensors/datalogger) 4 sensors/crop Soil matric potential measured every ft. up to 4 ft. Matric potential converted to soil water in inch/ft using soil water retention curve. Crop Sorghum Corn Soybeans Corn Soybeans Sorghum Soybeans Corn Sorghum Replication
3 2009 Management Practices Parameter LAWRENCE Corn Soybean Sorghum Planting date May 7 May 8 May 19 Emergence date May 16 May 16 May 23 Maturity day/group 113-day 2.6 Mediumlong Full maturity date Oct 5 Sept 15 Oct 6 Planting population (ppa) 20, ,000 65,000 Hybrid/variety 33T57 92M61 85Y40 Row spacing/planted rows 30 /12r 30 /12r 30 /12r 3
4 2010 Management Practices Parameter LAWRENCE Corn Soybean Sorghum Planting date May 7 May 7 May 28 Emergence date May 17 May 17 June 4 Maturity day/group 113-day 2.6 Mediumlong Full maturity date Sept. 12 Aug. 30 Oct. 4 Planting population (ppa) 20, ,000 65,000 Hybrid/variety 33T57 92M61 85Y40 Row spacing/planted rows 30 /12r 30 /12r 30 /12r 2011 Management Practices Parameter LAWRENCE Corn Soybean Sorghum Planting date May 5 May 5 May 23 Emergence date May 20 May 23 June 3 Maturity day/group 113-day 2.6 Mediumlong Full maturity date Sept. 16 Sept. 9 Oct. 8 Planting population (ppa) 20, ,000 65,000 Hybrid/variety 33T57 92M61 85Y40 Row spacing/planted rows 30 /12r 30 /12 r 30 /12 r 4
5 2009 Soil Moisture-Rainfall 2010 Soil Moisture-Rainfall 5
6 Crop Water Use (in) 2/25/ Soil Moisture-Rainfall Seasonal Crop Water Use 23.3 (from emergence to physiological maturity) Maize 2009 Maize 2010 Maize 2011 Soy 2009 Soy 2010 Soy 2011 Sorg 2009 Sorg 2010 Sorg
7 Crop Water Use Efficiency Etc (in) Yield CWUE (bu/ac) (bu/in) 2010 Etc (in) 2010 Yield (bu/ac) 2010 CWUE (bu/in) 2009 Etc (in) 2009 Yield (bu) 2009 CWUE (bu/in) Corn Soybean Sorghum Averages for Crop Avg Etc (in) Avg Yield (bu/acre) Avg CWUE (bu/in) Corn Soybean Sorghum
8 Conclusions from Water Use Study Over the years of in the Lawrence, NE location, sorghum on average had a higher crop water use efficiency and used over 2 less ET than corn or soybean in a rainfed environment. Thank You! John Dolnicek Nebraska Grain Sorghum Board Little Blue NRD-Daryl Andersen Dr. Suat Irmak-UNL Extension Irrigation Specialist Dr. Charlie Wortmann-UNL Extension Soils Specialist Dr. Mark Bernards-former UNL Extension Weed Scientist Lowell Sandell-UNL Extension Weed Scientist Dr. Ray Ward, Ward Labs Kearney Dan Stork, Syngenta 8
9 Are Other Crops Better than Corn Under Limited Irrigation? Alan Schlegel, Loyd Stone, Troy Dumler Kansas State University Summer Precipitation-SWREC- Tribune, KS 9
10 Crop Water Use for 4 Crops under varying irrigation levels-courtesy K-State Water Use Efficiency-K-State 10
11 Average Grain Yield ( )- SWREC-Tribune, KS Irrigation Amt (acre/in) Corn Yield (bu/acre) Grain Sorghum Yield (bu/acre) Soybean Yield (bu/acre) Sunflower Yield (lb/acre) Average ( ) Net Returns 11
12 Conclusions from K-State Study Under limited irrigation (under 10 ), several crops (sorghum, soybean, sunflower) are as profitable as corn. These crops can also help break pest cycles. Irrigation amounts of 10 or greater annually make corn the most profitable crop. Texas Alliance for Water Conservation ( ) Crop Yield/ acre Inch/ acre Yield/ inch Profit/ acre Profit/ inch Sorghum $ $31.40 Corn $ $27.60 Cotton $ $
13 Conclusions and Discussion: The UNL dryland study showed sorghum was the most crop water use efficient and used over 2 less ET over 3 years than corn or soybeans (this is with the best hybrids/varieties for area but not compared to drought tolerant corn hybrids). The K-State limited irrigation study showed that sorghum is as economical as corn when less than 10 of irrigation water is available. If 10 or more of water is available, corn is the most economical option. Sorghum is a good choice for dryland and limited irrigation environments in Nebraska. Jenny Rees jrees2@unl.edu Blog: UNL CropWatch: 13
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