Non-Agricultural Pesticide Sales

Transcription

1 Non-Agricultural Pesticide Sales Examining Urban and Non-Agricultural Pesticide Trends in Minnesota Minnesota Department of Agriculture 625 Robert St. N., St. Paul, MN

2 Non-Agricultural Pesticide Sales : Examining Urban and Non-Agricultural Pesticide Trends in Minnesota March 2013 Minnesota Department of Agriculture Pesticide and Fertilizer Management Division 625 Robert Street North Saint Paul, Minnesota Phone: In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, this information is available in alternative forms of communication upon request by calling 651/ TTY users can call the Minnesota Relay Service at 711 or The MDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. 2

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 4 INTRODUCTION... 5 METHODOLOGY... 6 SUMMARY OF NON-AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES SALES IN MN: ANIMAL CARE... 9 DISINFECTANTS AND SANITIZERS GARDEN AND LAWN HOME INDUSTRIAL, RIGHTS-OF-WAY AND FORESTRY MISCELLANEOUS POOL, SPA AND HOT TUB STRUCTURAL TURF AND ORNAMENTAL VERTEBRATE CONTROL WOOD PRESERVATIVE APPENDIX Top 100 Non-Agricultural Pesticides by Sales: Top 100 Non-Agricultural Pesticides by Sales:

4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose of Report The purpose of this report is to summarize, on a biennial basis, information about non-agricultural pesticide active ingredient (a.i.) sales, from which inferences can be made about potential urban (nonagricultural) pesticide use. Additional information about specific non-agricultural product type and active ingredients is also provided. This is the second report, the first report for can be found at: The Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) is responsible under the Pest Control Law to monitor rural and urban pesticide use on a biennial basis (Minnesota Statute 18B.064). The MDA has been systematically tracking and annually posting online lists of crop chemical a.i. sales since Urban pesticide use monitoring projects were also conducted during that time. In March 2006, the Office of the Legislative auditor for the State of Minnesota completed an evaluation report on pesticide regulation and stated that the MDA should develop and implement a consistent approach to biennially monitor urban pesticide use. In March 2007, the legislature directed the MDA to conduct an assessment of options to monitor urban pesticide use. MDA staff expanded methods used to track a.i. sales data for agricultural pesticides to include a.i. sales data for non-agricultural pesticides. The MDA developed an online interactive database to facilitate annual tracking for the volume of a.i.s sold for all pesticide product types, including non-agricultural pesticides. This report summarizes pesticide sales data from the MDA database and presents the data by use categories. Report Highlights for Non-agricultural pesticide a.i. sales accounted for approximately 50% and 54% of the total pounds of all pesticide a.i.s sold in Minnesota in 2008 and 2009 respectively. 2. Disinfectants and Sanitizers a.i.s accounted for the highest volume in 2008 and 2009, at approximately 50% and 59% respectively. 3. Animal Care a.i.s piperonyl butoxide, butoxyl polypropylene glycol and permethrin sales declined more than 50% between 2008 and 2009 whereas diazinon sales increased. 4. Garden and Lawn a.i.s with the most sales in 2008 and 2009 were glyphosate, 2,4-D and MCPP-P. 5. Home a.i.s that accounted for the most sales in 2008 and 2009 were deet (mosquito repellant) and naphthalene (moth balls). 6. Wood Preservatives top 10 a.i. sales all declined by more than 40% between 2008 and 2009 except copper carbonate basic and zinc naphthenate which both increased by more than 35%. 4

5 INTRODUCTION The Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) is responsible under the Pesticide Control Law (Minnesota Statute 18B.064) monitoring rural and urban pesticide 1 use on a biennial basis. Urban pesticides can be defined as non-agricultural pesticides applied in residential, public, institutional, commercial, and industrial areas. 2 In March 2006, the Office of the Legislative auditor for the State of Minnesota completed an evaluation report on pesticide regulation and stated that the MDA should develop and implement a consistent approach to biennially monitor urban pesticide use. The Auditor acknowledged that a complete accounting of all urban pesticide use is impractical, but that the MDA could consider several options to provide meaningful data on non-agricultural pesticide use. Among the recommended options was the suggestion that pesticide product sales information be used as a method of monitoring non-agricultural pesticide use. In March 2007 the legislature directed the MDA to conduct an assessment of options to monitor urban pesticide use. 3 The assessment identified eight possible methods for monitoring urban pesticide use. Using guidance from the report, MDA staff explored ways to expand methods used to track a.i. sales data for agricultural pesticides to include a.i. sales for non-agricultural pesticides. The MDA had been systematically tracking and annually posting online lists of crop chemical a.i. sales since After exploring ways to track non-agricultural a.i. sales, the MDA developed an online interactive database to facilitate annual tracking of the volume of a.i.s sold for all pesticide product types (i.e., crop chemical and non-agricultural product types). The database and its online functionality are unique in the nation, and provide a consistent measure of non-agricultural ( urban ) pesticide use over time. 1 A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or lessening the damage of any pest and may be a chemical substance or a biological agent. Pesticides are often used to control weeds, insects, and plant diseases. Other pesticides registered for use in Minnesota are chemicals not commonly thought of as pest control agents, such as certain bleach products and antimicrobial household sprays used to sanitize surfaces. Substances which enhance a pesticidal effect in another compound are also regulated as pesticides. 2 This working definition of urban pesticides is necessary because some pesticide products can be used in both urban and rural settings, and because urban areas exist in rural settings. As such, no single approach to monitoring urban pesticide use will likely provide a comprehensive summary of use along urban and rural boundaries, however those might be defined. 3 An Assessment of Methods for Monitoring Urban Pesticide Use in Minnesota, March 23, 2007, Minnesota Department of Agriculture, online at 5

6 METHODOLOGY The MDA Pesticide Sales Database ( provides total pounds of pesticide a.i. contained in products that were reported by pesticide registrants as being sold in Minnesota in a given year. Over 600 a.i.s are assigned to 13 pesticide product type categories by MDA staff. These categories group pesticides according to their principle use as listed on the pesticide label. Non-agricultural pesticide a.i.s can belong to one or more of the pesticide product type categories, 4 though they cannot be assigned to the crop chemical category or formulation chemicals category (i.e. products used to formulate or manufacture end-use products). This report examines non-agricultural pesticide product type sales as an indicator of use, and provides specific information on the top 10 non-agricultural a.i.s sold, offered for sale, or distributed in Minnesota for 2008 and In addition, the report ranks the top 100 non-agricultural pesticides in the MDA Pesticide Sales Database, including information on the a.i. pounds sold and pesticide type, e.g. disinfectant, herbicide, insecticide, fungicide, etc. (see the Appendix). The MDA s pesticide sale reporting process and sales database are not structured to assemble and report data for urban pesticides, nor are they capable of identifying use based on geographic or demographic criteria that might be considered uniquely urban. Additionally, urban use has no particular meaning in statute, and can be interpreted to mean any pesticide use that is not agricultural in nature. Finally, agricultural and non-agricultural pesticide users (including homeowners) are not required to report pesticide use to the state, further complicating estimates of actual pesticide use in any geographic or demographic sector. As summarized in the March 2007 assessment, there is considerable cost and complexity in collecting urban pesticide use data, and various methods have associated pros and cons. Interpreting Pesticide Sales Data The MDA Pesticide Sales Database includes annual pesticide sales data for pesticide a.i. based on pesticide registrant reporting requirements. Care must be used when interpreting this data. It is possible that pesticide a.i.s sold in Minnesota in a given year are not used in the same year, or are transported or used outside of Minnesota. Example A 10 lb container of product XYZ in product type category Garden and Lawn is purchased in a given year. If the 10 lbs of product contains 5% a.i. then 0.5 lbs of a.i. are reported as sold in the MDA Pesticide Sales Database. If only ½ of the container (5 lbs) is used in the reporting year, then only 0.25 lbs of actual pesticide are used. For this example, the MDA Pesticide Sales Database will show the total pounds (0.5 lbs) of a.i. sold associated with the individual unit of XYZ together with the data for the same a.i. sold and contained in all other Garden and Lawn products, even if the total amount in the example container was not actually used in the year of reported sales. 4 A pesticide product (e.g. an aerosol can of insect repellent or a lawn weed killer) can contain one or more a.i.s. Information on the number of actual pesticide products (e.g. units of merchandise) is not a reporting requirement for annual pesticide registration and is, therefore, not able to be tracked by the MDA. However, each pesticide registrant is required to report the aggregate volume of product sales in Minnesota. This volume is then converted to individual a.i. sales based on the percentage of a.i. associated with each product, then linked to the primary use of the product and assigned to one of the product type categories tracked in the database. 6

7 Therefore, actual pesticide a.i. sold does not equal pesticide a.i. used. Over time, however, a picture should emerge regarding general sales trends for popular a.i.s sold in the non-agricultural marketplace (e.g. home pest control, animal pest control and a.i.s associated with lawn and garden weed-and-feed products). Non-Agricultural pesticide product types and definitions. NON-AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDE PRODUCT TYPE Animal Care Disinfectants and Sanitizers Garden and Lawn Home Industrial, Right-of-Way, and Forestry Miscellaneous Pool, Spa, and Hot Tub Structural Turf and Ornamental Vertebrate Control Wood Preservatives DEFINITION Products used for the care of livestock and household pets. All professional and homeowner use of disinfectant and sanitizer products. Products generally used by homeowners on lawns and gardens. Products used in the home by homeowner: includes mosquito repellents. Products used along highways and power lines rights-of-way, in industrial areas and forest management products. Products include cooling tower microbiocides and slimicides, industrial preservatives and micorbiocides, aquatics use products, professional mosquito control products, anti-fouling paints and products that don t fit into any other category. Products used in swimming pools, spas, and hot tubs (except disinfectants and sanitizers). Products include pesticides used in and around structures by professionals. Professional use turf and ornamental products and products used on golf course. Products include avicides, rodenticides, piscicides and animal repellents Products that protect wood from decay by fungus and insects. 7

8 SUMMARY OF NON-AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES SALES IN MN: Table 1. Total Pounds of Active Ingredients (a.i.) for Non-Agricultural Pesticides Sold by Product Type Category for 2008 & NON-AG PRODUCT TYPE lbs a.i NON-AG PRODUCT TYPE lbs a.i. 1 DISINFECTANTS AND SANITIZERS 23,153,001 1 DISINFECTANTS AND SANITIZERS 26,537,980 2 MISCELLANEOUS 14,826,467 2 MISCELLANEOUS 11,773,618 3 WOOD PRESERVATIVES 3,902,871 3 WOOD PRESERVATIVES 2,856,101 4 POOL, SPA, AND HOT TUB 1,237,371 4 POOL, SPA, AND HOT TUB 1,068,018 5 INDUSTRIAL, RIGHTS-OF-WAY AND FORESTRY 1,054,637 5 TURF AND ORNAMENTAL 872,495 6 TURF AND ORNAMENTAL 896,736 6 INDUSTRIAL, RIGHTS-OF-WAY AND FORESTRY 622,618 7 GARDEN AND LAWN 483,131 7 GARDEN AND LAWN 534,467 8 STRUCTURAL 157,622 8 STRUCTURAL 65,308 9 HOME 79,483 9 HOME 61, ANIMAL CARE 42, ANIMAL CARE 19, VERTEBRATE CONTROL 8, VERTEBRATE CONTROL 11,227 Figure Total Percentage Sales of Non-Agricultural and Crop Chemical Product Types. Figure Total Percentage Sales of Non-Agricultural and Crop Chemical Product Types. TOTAL CROP CHEMICALS, 45,581,908 LBS, 50% TOTAL CROP CHEMIICALS, 38,177,451 LBS, 46% TOTAL NON-AG, 45,844,130 LBS, 50% TOTAL NON-AG, 44,428,517 LBS, 54% Figure Percentage of Total Non- Agricultural a.i. Sold by Product Type. TURF AND ORNAMENTAL 1.96% INDUSTRIAL, RIGHTS-OF- WAY, AND FORESTRY 2.30% POOL, SPA, AND HOT TUB 2.70% WOOD PRESERVATIVES 8.5 MISCELLANEOUS 32.34% GARDEN AND LAWN 1.05% STRUCTURAL 0.34% HOME 0.17% ANIMAL CARE 0.09% VERTEBRATE CONTROL 0.0 DISINFECTANTS AND SANITIZERS 50.5 Figure Percentage of Total Non- Agricultural a.i. Sold by Product Type. GARDEN AND INDUSTRIAL, LAWN RIGHTS-OF-WAY 1.20% AND FORESTRY TURF AND 1.40% ORNAMENTAL 1.96% POOL, SPA, AND HOT TUB 2.40% WOOD PRESERVATIVES 6.4 MISCELLANEOUS 26.50% STRUCTURAL 0.15% HOME 0.14% ANIMAL CARE 0.04% VERTEBRATE CONTROL 0.0 DISINFECTANTS AND SANITIZERS 59.74% 8

9 ANIMAL CARE Animal Care products are insecticides, fungicides, bactericides and synergists used by veterinarians, livestock producers and pet owners. Examples of uses under this category include dermal and feedthrough (oral) larvicides for cattle, hogs, goats and horses; cattle ear tags to control flies in cattle feedlots; products for poultry dust boxes to control poultry mites; and products applied directly to dog and cat s skin to kill and repel fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes. QUICK FACT Pesticide a.i.s sold under the category Animal Care constitute less than of the total pounds of all non-agricultural a.i.s sold in 2008 and INFORMATION ABOUT TOP ANIMAL CARE PESTICIDES Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a pesticide synergist and is not sold as a single active ingredient in pesticide products, but is regulated and reported as a pesticide. Synergists such as PBO are chemicals that primarily enhance the pesticidal properties of other a.i.s, such as pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids (insecticides found in many products including for animal care). PBO is found in over 1,500 products used to control a variety of insects and arthropods, including fleas and ticks. Butoxy polypropylene glycol (BPG) is an insecticide used as a repellent on dairy and livestock animals by repelling horseflies, face flies, stable flies, horn flies, house flies, mosquitoes, and gnats. It s also used as an additive to wound treatment and protective dressing formulations for use on cattle, horses and dogs. Products and formulations that contain BPG have a combination of other active ingredients; pyrethrins, piperonyl butoxide and a variety of synthetic pyrethroids. Tetrachlorvinphos is an organophosphate insecticide and miticide. It is currently used as a dermal and feed-through (oral) larvicide; in cattle ear tags in feedlots; in poultry dust boxes to control mites; and in pet sleeping areas and pet flea collars. It is used to control flies, mites, fleas and chiggers. 9

10 Table and 2009 Top 10 Animal Care a.i.s sold ANIMAL CARE TOP 10 lbs a.i ANIMAL CARE TOP 10 lbs a.i. 1 PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE 13,004 1 PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE 4,327 2 BUTOXY POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 10,412 2 BUTOXY POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 4,043 3 PERMETHRIN 6,395 3 PERMETHRIN 3,571 4 TETRACHLORVINPHOS 5,035 4 DIAZINON 1,933 5 PYRETHRIN 1,811 5 TETRACHLORVINPHOS 1,450 6 DIPROPYL ISOCINCHOMERONATE PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE 720 N-OCTYL BICYCLOHEPTENE 7 DICARBOXIMIDE PHENOTHRIN PROPOXUR PYRETHRIN PHENOTHRIN FIPRONIL S-METHOPRENE DDVP 383 Figure Top 10 Animal Care a.i.s Sold by Percentage. Figure Top 10 Animal Care a.i.s Sold by Percentage. N-OCTYL BICYCLOHEPTENE DICARBOXIMIDE DIPROPYL ISOCINCHOMER ONATE PYRETHRIN 5% PROPOXUR PHENOTHRIN S-METHOPRENE PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE 3 PHENOTHRIN PARA- DICHLOROBENZ ENE 4% TETRACHLORVIN PHOS 8% PYRETHRIN FIPRONIL DDVP PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE 24% TETRACHLORVIN PHOS 1 DIAZINON 1 PERMETHRIN 16% BUTOXY POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 26% PERMETHRIN 20% BUTOXY POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 2 Figure Percentage of Animal Care a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. Figure Percentage of Animal Care a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. ANIMAL CARE 0.04% ANIMAL CARE 0.09% 99.96%

11 DISINFECTANTS AND SANITIZERS Disinfectants and Sanitizers are antimicrobials, microbistat/microbicides and algicides used to control bacteria, fungi, viruses, mold/mildew, and algae that can cause diseases in people and/or animals. These pesticides are used in many different settings, such as animal housing facilities, greenhouse/nurseries, hospitals, day-care facilities, health clubs, food service establishments, and processing plants. Examples of registered uses include application to indoor and outdoor hard surfaces (e.g., walls, floors, tables, toilets, and fixtures), eating utensils, laundry, carpets, egg shells, hands and gloves, shoes, humidifiers, RV tanks, medical instruments, human remains, ultrasonic tanks, reverse osmosis units, and water storage tanks. Products used to disinfect hard surfaces against influenza viruses are also included under this category. QUICK FACT Pesticide a.i.s sold under the category Disinfectants and Sanitizers constitute 59% of the total pounds of all non-agricultural a.i.s sold in 2008 and 50% in INFORMATION ABOUT TOP DISINFECTANTS AND SANITIZERS PESTICIDES Chlorine is used in drinking water and laundries and used to wash meat, fresh produce and seeds. Chlorine is formulated as a pressurized gas and distributed in large stationary containers such as tank cars or trucks and 150-pound to 1-ton cylinders. It is intended for use only by trained, experienced personnel. Sodium and calcium hypochlorite are chlorinated inorganic disinfectants used to control bacteria and fungi in laundries, drinking water, and other water and wastewater systems; as well as on food and non-food contact surfaces. Sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione is a microbiocide/microbistat, disinfectant, sanitizer, fungicide, algicide and bacteriostat used in water treatment, to chlorinate swimming pools and in cleaning, bleaching, disinfecting and sanitizing. Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) is an antimicrobial algicide, bacteriocide, bacteriostat, fungicide, fungistat, virucide, tuberculocide, microbiocide, microbiostat, disinfectant, and sanitizer used on indoor and outdoor hard surfaces such as walls, floors, tables and toilets. ADBAC is also found in wipes and sprays used to control cold and flu viruses (eg. such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic strain). It is comprised of 24 compounds that are structurally similar (benzene ring with an attached carbon chain that varies in length and structure). In the MDA sales database these compounds are registered separately based on the percentage of carbon as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. For the purpose of this report all of these compounds are combined and reported as one a.i. This is similar to EPA s fact sheets on ADBAC. 11

12 Table and 2009 Top 10 Disinfectant and Sanitizer a.i.s sold DISINFECT. & SANT. TOP 10 lbs a.i DISINFECT. & SANT. TOP 10 lbs a.i. 1 CHLORINE 9,839,927 1 CHLORINE 10,868,761 2 HYPOCHLORITE 7,159,005 2 HYPOCHLORITE 7,656,524 3 DICHLORO-S-TRIAZINETRIONE 1,718,264 3 DICHLORO-S-TRIAZINETRIONE 1,587,137 4 CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE 895,604 4 BROMIDE 835,445 5 TRICHLORO-S-TRIAZINETRIONE 744,930 5 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 725,221 6 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 382,456 6 TRICHLORO-S-TRIAZINETRIONE 619, BROMO-3-CHLORO-5,5-DIMETHYL HYDANTOIN 262,347 7 ADBAC* 544,431 8 ADBAC* 233, BROMO-3-CHLORO-5,5-DIMETHYL HYDANTOIN 463,135 9 ETHYLENE OXIDE 201,435 9 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 408, HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 190, CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE 315,552 * See page 11 for ADBAC details. Figure Top 10 Disinfectant and Sanitizer a.i.s Sold by Percentage. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE TRICHLORO-S- TRIAZINETRIONE CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE 4% DICHLORO-S- TRIAZINETRIONE 8% ADBAC HYPOCHLORITE 3 ETHYLENE OXIDE HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 1-BROMO-3- CHLORO-5,5- DIMETHYL HYDANTOIN CHLORINE 45% Figure Top 10 Disinfectant and Sanitizer a.i.s Sold by Percentage. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BROMIDE ADBAC 5% DICHLORO-S- TRIAZINETRIONE 6% TRICHLORO-S- TRIAZINETRIONE 1-BROMO-3- CHLORO-5,5- DIMETHYL HYDANTOIN HYPOCHLORITE 3 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE CHLORINE 44% Figure Percentage of Disinfectant and Sanitizer a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. Figure Percentage of Disinfectant and Sanitizer a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s % DISINFECTANTS AND SANITIZERS 50.50% DISINFECTANTS AND SANITIZERS % 12

13 GARDEN AND LAWN Garden and Lawn products sold in Minnesota are used to control a wide spectrum of annual and perennial weeds, insects and other arthropods, plant diseases, and snails and slugs. These herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and moluscicides are used in residential environments on lawns and gardens. They may also be used where total vegetation control is desired, such as to control weeds growing in driveways and sidewalks. Garden and Lawn products are formulated as liquids, solid or pellet/tablets, soluble concentrate/solids, water dispersible granules. QUICK FACT Pesticide a.i.s sold under the category Garden and Lawn constituted approximately of the total pounds of all non-agricultural a.i.s sold in 2008 and INFORMATION ABOUT TOP GARDEN AND LAWN PESTICIDES Glyphosate (e.g. includes products such as Roundup ) is a non-selective herbicide used to control weeds in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings where total vegetation control is desired. In non-agricultural environments, glyphosate is used on patios, walkways, driveways, gravel and mulch beds, around shrubs or trees, in flower beds, and along fences to control unwanted vegetation. It is also used to control noxious weeds such as poison ivy. 2,4-D is an herbicide that is used to control broadleaf weeds such as dandelions and clover. It is applied to both agricultural and non-agricultural environments in Minnesota. Examples of nonagricultural 2,4-D use settings include: residential lawns and gardens. 2,4-D is also found in weedand-feed type products applied to non-agricultural lawn and garden environments. MCPP-P (2(2Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid) is a herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds on lawns. Foliar applications by ground equipment including spreaders, sprayers, pressure on hoseend sprayers and pressurized containers. 13

14 Table and 2009 Top 10 Garden and Lawn a.i.s sold GARDEN AND LAWN TOP 10 lbs a.i GARDEN AND LAWN TOP 10 lbs a.i. 1 GLYPHOSATE 199,812 1 GLYPHOSATE 200, ,4-D 113, ,4-D 147,996 3 MCPP-P 43,527 3 MCPP-P 50,633 4 PENDIMETHALIN 26,528 4 MCPA 27,412 5 MCPA 22,204 5 PENDIMETHALIN 24,513 6 TRIFLURALIN 9,332 6 DICAMBA 9,508 7 DICAMBA 7,073 7 TRIFLURALIN 8,519 8 BENEFIN 5,896 8 KAOLIN 5,529 9 MALATHION 5,257 9 TRICLOPYR 4, QUINCLORAC 5, DIQUAT 4,778 Figure Top 10 Garden and Lawn a.i.s Sold by Percentage. Figure Top 10 Garden and Lawn a.i.s Sold by Percentage. DICAMBA TRIFLURALIN MCPA 5% BENEFIN MALATHION QUINCLORAC TRIFLURALIN DICAMBA KAOLIN TRICLOPYR DIQUAT PENDIMETHALIN 6% MCPP-P 10% GLYPHOSATE 46% PENDIMETHALIN 5% MCPA 6% MCPP-P 10% GLYPHOSATE 4 2,4-D 26% 2,4-D 3 Figure Percentage of Garden and Lawn a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non- Ag a.i.s. Figure Percentage of Garden and Lawn a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non- Ag a.i.s. GARDEN AND LAWN 1.20% GARDEN AND LAWN 1.05% 98.80% 98.95% 14

15 HOME Home products are primarily used in and around the home as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and repellants. As insecticides, some act as stomach poisons in ants, cockroaches, silverfish and termites, while others abrade the exoskeletons of insects. As herbicides, some cause desiccation or interrupt photosynthesis in plants. They are marketed in many formulations including liquids, soluble and emulsifiable concentrates, granulars, powders, dusts, pellets, tablets, solids, paste, baits, and crystalline rods. QUICK FACT Pesticide a.i.s sold under the category Home constitute less than of the total pounds of all nonagricultural a.i.s sold in 2008 and INFORMATION ABOUT TOP HOME PESTICIDES DEET is the primary a.i. in most mosquito repellant products applied to skin and clothing. Naphthalene (e.g. moth balls) is an insecticide and repellant. The primary target pests are moths. Naphthalene is used on indoor residential sites. It is used as a moth repellant, and placed in closed drawers, closets, and other storage areas. Copper sulfate is used on numerous sites as an algaecide, bactericide, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, molluscicide, and macro-invertebrate. It is used to control a broad spectrum of pests, including fungi, bacteria and algae 15

16 Table and 2009 Top 10 Home a.i.s sold HOME TOP 10 lbs a.i HOME TOP 10 lbs a.i. 1 DEET 34,839 1 DEET 24,644 2 NAPHTHALENE 11,653 2 NAPHTHALENE 9,634 3 COPPER SULFATE** 7,813 3 COPPER SULFATE** 6,767 4 PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE 5,915 4 PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE 5,275 5 BORIC ACID 4,033 5 BIFENTHRIN 2,588 6 D-TRANS ALLETHRIN 2,423 6 BORIC ACID 2,397 7 ADBAC* 2,365 7 ADBAC* 2,312 8 PICARIDIN 1,367 8 OIL OF CITRONELLA 1,683 9 DIATOMACEOUS EARTH 1,188 9 PICARIDIN 1, OCTEN-3-OL 1, DIATOMACEOUS EARTH 787 * See page 11 for ADBAC details. **See page 15 for Copper Sulfate details. Figure Top 10 Home a.i.s Sold by Percentage. D-TRANS ALLETHRIN ADBAC PICARIDIN DIATOMACEOUS EARTH 1-OCTEN-3-OL Figure Top 10 Home a.i.s Sold by Percentage. ADBAC 4% BORIC ACID 4% OIL OF CITRONELLA PICARIDIN DIATOMACEOUS EARTH BORIC ACID 5% PARA- DICHLOROBENZENE 8% COPPER SULFATE 1 NAPHTHALENE 16% DEET 48% BIFENTHRIN 5% PARA- DICHLOROBENZENE 9% COPPER SULFATE 1 NAPHTHALENE 17% DEET 4 Figure Percentage of Home a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. Figure Percentage of Home a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. HOME 0.15% HOME 0.18% 99.85%

17 INDUSTRIAL, RIGHTS-OF-WAY AND FORESTRY Industrial, Rights-of-Way and Forestry products are used mainly as pre- and post-emergent herbicides to control broadleaf weeds and grasses in a variety of sites including forest plantings and industrial rightsof-way (e.g., the area along highways and around railroad tracks). They are formulated as liquids, solid or pellet/tablets, as soluble concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates, liquids (pressurized and ready-to-use), granulars, wettable powders and pellets and are applied using ground or aerial equipment. QUICK FACT Pesticide a.i.s sold under the category Industrial, Rights-Of-Way and Forestry constitute approximately 1- of the total pounds of all non-agricultural a.i.s sold in 2008 and INFORMATION ABOUT TOP INDUSTRIAL, RIGHT-OF-WAY AND FORESTRY PESTICIDES Diuron is registered for pre- and post-emergent herbicide treatment of both crop and non-crop areas. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), right-of-way applications (e.g. the area around railroad tracks) are the greatest non-agricultural use of diuron, with approximately 2 to 3 million pounds applied annually in the U.S. Prometon is a nonselective herbicide which can be applied before or following weed emergence. It controls most annual and many perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses, generally for a full season or longer. Applied as a spray or granule much of its activity is through the roots, therefore adequate rainfall is required to move the chemical into the root zone. Glyphosate is registered as a non-selective herbicide to control broadleaf weeds and grasses in forest plantings, industrial sites and rights-of-ways where total vegetation control is desired. Triclopyr is used as a selective herbicide to control broadleaf weeds and brush in forests and on rights-of-ways. 17

18 Table and 2009 top 10 Industrial, Rights-of-Way and Forestry a.i.s sold INDUSTRIAL, RIGHTS-OF-WAY & FORESTRY TOP 10 lbs a.i INDUSTRIAL, RIGHTS-OF-WAY & FORESTRY TOP 10 lbs a.i. 1 DIURON 638,764 1 PROMETON 144,919 2 GLYPHOSATE 137,965 2 GLYPHOSATE 97,215 3 MCPA 70,581 3 TRICLOPYR 93,556 4 TRICLOPYR 66,553 4 DIURON 92, ,4-D 61, ,4-D 80,211 6 PICLORAM 16,016 6 MCPA 43,395 7 BROMACIL 10,760 7 PICLORAM 12,831 8 PROMETON 6,855 8 BROMACIL 8,515 9 AMINOPYRAID 6,773 9 AMINOPYRALID 7, FOSAMINE, AMMONIUM SALT 5, MCPP-P 5,383 Figure Top 10 Industrial, Rights-of- Way and Forestry a.i.s Sold by Percentage. Figure Top 10 Industrial, Rights-of- Way and Forestry a.i.s Sold by Percentage. PICLORAM BROMACIL PROMETON AMINOPYRALID PICLORAM BROMACIL AMINOPYRALID MCPP-P TRICLOPYR 6% MCPA 7% 2,4-D 6% FOSAMINE, AMMONIUM SALT MCPA 7% 2,4-D 14% PROMETON 25% GLYPHOSATE 1 DIURON 6 DIURON 16% TRICLOPYR 16% GLYPHOSATE 17% Figure Percentage of Industrial, Rights-of-Way and Forestry a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. Figure Percentage of Industrial, Rights-of-Way and Forestry a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. INDUSTRIAL, RIGHTS-OF- WAY, AND FORESTRY 1.40% INDUSTRIAL, RIGHTS-OF- WAY, AND FORESTRY 2.30% 98.60% 97.70% 18

19 MISCELLANEOUS Miscellaneous products include cooling tower microbiocides and slimicides, industrial preservatives and micorbiocides, aquatics use products, professional mosquito control products, anti-fouling paints and products that don t fit into any other category. They are used to treat water in ornamental ponds and aquaria, sewage and wastewater, and other types of water reservoirs. They are also used in food processing systems, pulp and paper mill systems, and commercial and industrial water cooling systems. QUICK FACT Pesticide a.i.s sold under the category Miscellaneous constitute 26% of the total pounds of all nonagricultural a.i.s sold in 2008 and 3 in INFORMATION ABOUT TOP MISCELLANEOUS PESTICIDES Chlorine gas is a microbicide/microbistat (slime-forming algae, bacteria and fungi) and algicide used in cooling towers and sewage systems. Chlorine is formulated as a pressurized gas and distributed in large stationary containers such as tank cars or trucks and 150-pound to 1-ton cylinders. It is intended for use only by trained, experienced personnel. Copper compounds - copper oxide (ous) and copper sulfate are fungicides, bactericides, algaecides, herbicides and insecticides used for algae control in aquaculture facilities, drainage systems (canal, ditch and lateral), ponds (industrial and recreational), fountains, lakes, reservoirs (noncrop irrigation, potable) and sewage lagoons. Copper compounds control a broad spectrum of pests, including fungi, bacteria, aquatic weeds, algae, mollusks, and leeches. Sodium and ammonium bromide is an oxidizer. It is used as a bactericide, slimicide and algicide to treat recirculating cooling systems and pulp and paper mills. It is used to control biofilm growth in the alkaline papermaking process. 19

20 Table and 2009 Top 10 Miscellaneous a.i.s sold MISCELLANEOUS lbs a.i MISCELLANEOUS TOP 10 lbs a.i. 1 CHLORINE 11,755,914 1 CHLORINE 9,389,601 2 COPPER OXIDE (OUS) 617,851 2 COPPER SULFATE 404,691 3 COPPER SULFATE 520,872 3 BROMIDE 359,055 4 AMMONIUM BROMIDE 436,115 4 AMMONIUM BROMIDE 234,813 5 BROMIDE 218,116 5 COPPER OXIDE (OUS) 232,838 6 GLUTARALDEHYDE 186,945 6 CHLORITE 154,849 POTASSIUM DIMETHYL DITHIO 7 CHLORITE 150,697 7 CARBAMATE 99, ,4-BIS (BROMOACETOXY)-2-BUTENE 80,040 8 DAZOMET 86,806 9 POTASSIUM DIMETHYL DITHIO CARBAMATE 75,679 9 HYPOCHLORITE 72, HYPOCHLORITE 70, GLUTARALDEHYDE 68,743 Figure Top 10 Miscellaneous a.i.s Sold by Percentage. GLUTARALDEHYDE BROMIDE AMMONIUM BROMIDE COPPER SULFATE 4% CHLORITE 1,4-BIS (BROMOACETOX Y)-2-BUTENE POTASSIUM DIMETHYL DITHIO CARBAMATE HYPOCHLORITE 0% Figure Top 10 Miscellaneous a.i.s Sold by Percentage. COPPER OXIDE (OUS) AMMONIUM BROMIDE BROMIDE CHLORITE POTASSIUM DIMETHYL DITHIO CARBAMATE DAZOMET HYPOCHLORITE GLUTARALDEHYDE COPPER OXIDE (OUS) 4% CHLORINE 8 COPPER SULFATE 4% CHLORINE 84% Figure Percentage of Miscellaneous a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. Figure Percentage of Miscellaneous a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. MISCELLANEOUS 26.50% MISCELLANEOUS 32.34% 73.50% 67.66% 20

21 POOL, SPA AND HOT TUB Pool, Spa and Hot Tub products are chlorinated inorganic products used in swimming pools, spas and hot tubs; they control bacteria, fungi, and slime-forming algae. QUICK FACT Pesticide a.i.s sold under the category Pool, Spa and Hot Tub constitute between 2 of the total pounds of all non-agricultural a.i.s sold in 2008 and INFORMATION ABOUT TOP POOL, SPA AND HOT TUB PESTICIDES Calcium hypochlorite is a chlorinated inorganic disinfectant used to control bacteria, fungi and slimforming algae, which maybe pathogenic to man, in pools, spas and hot tubs. Trichloro-s-triazinetrione is a chlorinated inorganic disinfectant used for treatment in swimming pools to control bacteria, fungi and algae. ADBAC (Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride) is an antimicrobial algicide, bacteriocide, bacteriostat, fungicide, fungistat, virucide, tuberculocide, microbiocide, microbiostat, disinfectant, and sanitizer used in pools, spas and hottubs. It is comprised of 24 compounds that are structurally similar (benzene ring with an attached carbon chain that varies in length and structure). In the MDA sales database these compounds are registered separately based on the percentage of carbon as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. For the purpose of this report all of these compounds are combined and reported as one a.i. This is similar to EPA s fact sheets on ADBAC. 21

22 Table and 2009 top 10 Pool, Spa and Hot Tub (PSHT) a.i.s sold POOL, SPA & HOT TUB TOP 10 lbs a.i POOL, SPA & HOT TUB TOP 10 lbs a.i. 1 CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE 574,753 1 CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE 366,475 2 TRICHLORO-S-TRIAZINETRIONE 200,299 2 ADBAC* 223,255 3 DICHLORO-S-TRIAZINETRIONE 166,293 3 TRICHLORO-S-TRIAZINETRIONE 192,691 DICHLORO-S-TRIAZINETRIONE 4 ADBAC* 147,147 4 DIHYDRATE 112,510 5 DICHLORO-S-TRIAZINETRIONE D 51,495 5 DICHLORO-S-TRIAZINETRIONE 83,958 6 POLY (OXYETHYLENE) (DIMETHYLIMINO) ETHYLENE (DIMETHYLIMINO) ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE 41,145 6 POL (OXYETHYLENE) (DIMETHYLIMINO) ETHYLENE (DIMETHYLIMINO) ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE 28, BROMO-3-CHLORO-5,5-DIMETHYL HYDANTOIN 19,636 7 BROMIDE 18,769 8 TETRABORATE (PENTAHYDRATE) 12, BROMO-3-CHLORO-5,5-DIMETHYL HYDANTOIN 14,487 9 LITHIUM HYPOCHLORITE 9,467 9 TETRABORATE (PENTAHYDRATE) 9, N-DIALKYL (60%C14, 30%C16, 5%C12, 5%C18) METHYL BENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 9, N-DIALKYL (60%C14, 30%C16, 5%C12, 5%C18) METHYL BENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 8,892 *See page 21 for ADBAC details. Figure Top 10 PSHT a.i.s Sold by Percentage. Figure Top 10 PSHT a.i.s Sold by Percentage. POLY (OXYETHYLENE) (DIMETHYLIMINO) ETHYLENE (DIMETHYLIMINO) ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE DICHLORO-S- TRIAZINETRIONE DIHYDRATE 4% ADBAC 1 DICHLORO-S- TRIAZINETRIONE 1 1-BROMO-3- CHLORO-5,5- DIMETHYL HYDANTOIN TRICHLORO-S- TRIAZINETRIONE 16% TETRABORATE (PENTAHYDRATE) LITHIUM HYPOCHLORITE N-DIALKYL (60%C14, 30%C16, 5%C12, 5%C18) METHYL BENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE 47% BROMIDE POLY (OXYETHYLENE) (DIMETHYLIMINO) ETHYLENE (DIMETHYLIMINO) ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE DICHLORO-S- TRIAZINETRIONE 8% DICHLORO-S- TRIAZINETRIONE DIHYDRATE 10% TRICHLORO-S- TRIAZINETRIONE 18% 1-BROMO-3- CHLORO-5,5- DIMETHYL HYDANTOIN TETRABORATE (PENTAHYDRATE) ADBAC 2 N-DIALKYL (60%C14, 30%C16, 5%C12, 5%C18) METHYL BENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE 35% Figure Percentage of PSHT a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. Figure Percentage of PSHT a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. POOL SPA AND HOTTUB 2.40% POOL SPA AND HOTTUB 2.70% 97.60% 97.30% 22

23 STRUCTURAL Structural pesticide products control a wide range of pests including insects, spiders, mites, fungi, plants, insects, rodents and snakes. Pesticide applications range from the fumigation of an entire structure to perimeter sprays for the treatment of reoccurring pests such as ants or cockroaches. Some common sites of application include residential homes and apartment buildings; food storage (including raw agricultural commodities), processing, and service facilities; commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings; and storage areas in railroad cars, trucks, boats, and airplanes. Some of the pesticide products, such as methyl bromide, are restricted to use only by professional applicators. QUICK FACT Pesticide a.i.s sold under the category Structural constitute less than of the total pounds of all nonagricultural a.i.s sold in 2008 and INFORMATION ABOUT TOP STRUCTURAL PESTICIDES Beta-cyfluthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide that control crawling and flying pests in and around buildings, including cockroaches, ants, spiders, crickets, ticks, mosquitoes, wasps, yellow jackets, gnats, earwigs and flies. It is formulated as a suspended concentrate as well as a wettable powder. Methyl bromide gas is a broad-spectrum fumigant that is used to control a wide range of pests including spiders, mites, fungi, plants, insects, rodents and snakes. Methyl bromide under this nonagricultural category includes use as a post-harvest treatment of commodities and structural fumigation. According to the EPA, structural non-food treatments (e.g., residential buildings) are reportedly no longer performed. Carbon dioxide is used indoors as a fumigant to control insects in stored food and feed by displacing oxygen in the container s atmosphere. It does not accumulate in treated raw agricultural commodities, but rather diffuses into the atmosphere following application. Aluminum phosphide is a fumigant used to control insects and rodents. It is primarily used for indoor fumigation of raw agricultural commodities, animal feeds, processed food commodities, and nonfood commodities in sealed containers or structures. 23

24 Table and 2009 top 10 Structural a.i.s sold STRUCTURAL TOP 10 lbs a.i STRUCTURAL TOP 10 lbs a.i. 1 BETA-CYFLUTHRIN 51,751 1 METHYL BROMIDE 33,000 2 METHYL BROMIDE 35,500 2 ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE 11,660 3 CARBON DIOXIDE 14,745 3 DIATOMACEOUS EARTH 7,683 4 PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE 9,210 4 FORMALDEHYDE 1,664 5 ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE 7,671 5 IMIDACLOPRID 1,591 6 IMIDACLOPRID 6,250 6 PYRIPROXYFEN 1,446 7 PERMETHRIN 6,074 7 BETA-CYFLUTHRIN 1,269 8 ACEPHATE 4,208 8 PERMETHRIN 1,216 9 MALATHION 3,456 9 PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE 850 N-OCTYL BICYCLOHEPTENE 10 DELTAMETHRIN 2, DICARBOXIMIDE 694 Figure Top 10 Structural a.i.s Sold by Percentage. Figure Top 10 Structural a.i.s Sold by Percentage. IMIDACLOPRID 4% PERMETHRIN 4% ACEPHATE MALATHION DELTAMETHRIN PYRIPROXYFEN IMIDACLOPRID BETA- CYFLUTHRIN PERMETHRIN PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE N-OCTYL BICYCLOHEPTEN E DICARBOXIMIDE ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE 5% BETA- CYFLUTHRIN 37% FORMALDEHYDE PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE 7% CARBON DIOXIDE 10% METHYL BROMIDE 25% DIATOMACEOUS EARTH 1 ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE 19% METHYL BROMIDE 54% Figure Percentage of Structural a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. Figure Percentage of Structural a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s STRUCTURAL 0.15% STRUCTURAL 0.34% 99.85% 99.66% 24

25 TURF AND ORNAMENTAL Turf and Ornamental products are used to control broadleaf and grassy weed species, fungi and bacteria, mites and insects on turf and ornamentals plants. Products sold under this category are typically applied by professional pesticide applicators and mostly include herbicides and fungicides. Application sites may include golf courses, sports turf, plant nurseries, parks, commercial property, schools, roadsides, cemeteries, and home lawns. Pesticides sold under this category include herbicides used in weed-andfeed products. QUICK FACT Pesticide a.i.s sold under the category Turf and Ornamental constitute less than of the total pounds of all non-agricultural a.i.s sold in 2008 and INFORMATION ABOUT TOP TURF AND ORNAMENTAL PESTICIDES 2,4-D is an herbicide that is used to control broadleaf weeds such as dandelions and clover. It is applied to both agricultural and non-agricultural environments and is one of the top active ingredients sold in Minnesota. 2,4-D products sold under the category Turf and Ornamental are most likely used by professional applicators and not homeowners. Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds and grasses. Chlorothalonil is a broad spectrum, non-systemic pesticide that acts primarily as a fungicide and mildewicide, but also has some activity as a bactericide, microbiocide, algaecide, insecticide, and acaricide. Chlorothalonil is used to control fungi and bacteria, including Alternaria blight, anthracnose, botrytis, brown patch of turf, certain cankers, needle casts, certain scabs and curls, downy mildews, powderymildews, scab, needle cast, snow molds, rusts, wood rot fungi; also some mites and insects. 25

26 Table and 2009 top 10 Turf and Ornamental a.i.s sold TURF & ORNAMENTAL TOP 10 lbs a.i TURF & ORNAMENTAL TOP 10 lbs a.i. 1 2,4-D 300, ,4-D 261,682 2 GLYPHOSATE 159,294 2 CHLOROTHALONIL 198,103 3 CHLOROTHALONIL 112,867 3 PENDIMETHALIN 100,045 4 MCPP-P 94,235 4 MCPP-P 82,602 5 MCPA 37,600 5 MCPA 44,235 6 DICAMBA 28,015 6 DICAMBA 26,501 7 PRODIAMINE 16,700 7 PRODIAMINE 19,854 8 ORYZALIN 14,285 8 IPRODIONE 10,528 9 PCNB 10,212 9 THIOPHANATE METHYL 9, IPRODIONE 9, PACLOBUTRAZOL 8,130 Figure Top 10 Turf and Ornamental a.i.s Sold by Percentage. Figure Top 10 Turf and Ornamental a.i.s Sold by Percentage. PRODIAMINE ORYZALIN PCNB IPRODIONE PRODIAMINE DICAMBA IPRODIONE THIOPHANATE METHYL PACLOBUTRAZOL PROPICONAZOLE DICAMBA 4% MCPA 5% MCPP-P 1 2,4-D 38% MCPA 6% MCPP-P 1 2,4-D 34% CHLOROTHALONIL 15% GLYPHOSATE 20% PENDIMETHALIN 1 CHLOROTHALONIL 26% Figure Percentage of Turf and Ornamental a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. Figure Percentage of Turf and Ornamental a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. TURF AND ORNAMENTAL 1.96% TURF AND ORNAMENTAL 1.96% 98.04% 98.04% 26

27 VERTEBRATE CONTROL Vertebrate Control products sold under this category are mainly composed of rodenticides (used to control rats, mice, gophers, squirrels, and other rodents), avicides (used to control pest birds), and piscicides (used to control fish). These products have indoor and outdoor uses, depending upon the application method and label restrictions. QUICK FACT Pesticide a.i.s sold under the category Vertebrate Control constitute less than of the total pounds of all non-agricultural a.i.s sold in 2008 and INFORMATION ABOUT TOP VERTEBRATE CONTROL PESTICIDES Castor oil is a repellent used to control moles and gophers. Sulfur is a non-systemic contact and protectant fungicide, insecticide and rodenticide. Rotenone is applied directly to water to manage fish populations in lakes, ponds, reservoirs, rivers, streams, and in aquaculture to control undesired fish species. 27

28 Table and 2009 top 10 Vertebrate Control a.i.s sold VERTEBRATE CONTROL TOP 10 lbs a.i VERTEBRATE CONTROL TOP 10 lbs a.i. 1 CASTOR OIL 1,778 1 CASTOR OIL 2,837 2 SULFUR 1,608 2 SULFUR 1,561 3 NITRATE ROTENONE 1,137 4 METHYL ANTHRANILATE ANTHRAQUINONE 1,076 5 NAPHTHALENE PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE POTASSIUM NITRATE NITRATE ROTENONE NAPHTHALENE PUTRESCENT WHOLE EGG SOLIDS PUTRESCENT WHOLE EGG SOLIDS CARBON POTASSIUM NITRATE ZINC PHOSPHIDE METHYL ANTHRANILATE 280 Figure Top 10 Vertebrate Control a.i.s Sold by Percentage. Figure Top 10 Vertebrate Control a.i.s Sold by Percentage. ROTENONE 5% PUTRESCENT WHOLE EGG SOLIDS 5% CARBON ZINC PHOSPHIDE NAPHTHALENE 5% PUTRESCENT WHOLE EGG SOLIDS 5% POTASSIUM NITRATE METHYL ANTHRANILATE POTASSIUM NITRATE 5% CASTOR OIL 26% NITRATE 8% CASTOR OIL 29% NAPHTHALENE 7% PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE 8% METHYL ANTHRANILATE 10% NITRATE 1 SULFUR 2 ANTHRAQUINONE 1 ROTENONE 1 SULFUR 16% Figure Percentage of Vertebrate Control a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. Figure Percentage of Vertebrate Control a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. VERTEBRATE 0.0 VERTEBRATE, %, 99.98% 28

29 WOOD PRESERVATIVE Wood Preservative products are fungicides, bactericides, molluscicides, algaecides and insecticides used to control carpenter ants, mold, lyctus powderpost beetles, powderpost beetles, termites, wood rot/decaying fungus, wood rot/decaying organisms, wood stain fungus, cockroaches, silverfish and termites. As fungicides, wood preservatives control decay-producing fungi in lumber and timber products. They are marketed in many formulations including liquids, soluble and emulsifiable concentrates, granulars, powders, dusts, pellets, tablets, solids, paste, baits, and crystalline rods. QUICK FACT Pesticide a.i.s sold under the category Wood Preservative constitute between 6.4% and 6.5% of the total pounds of all non-agricultural a.i.s sold in 2008 and 2009 respectively. INFORMATION ABOUT TOP WOOD PRESERVATIVES PESTICIDES Zinc borate is a biocide (fungicide/preservative) for wood composite materials used in above ground applications in order to prevent fungal growth. Pentachlorophenol is a general biocide used to control carpenter ants, mold, powderpost beetles, termites and wood rotting/decaying/staining fungus and other organisms on wood and wood products. It is currently classified as a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) and is mainly used as a wood preservative to treat utility poles and cross arms. According to the EPA, pentachlorophenol contains chlorinated dibenzodioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDDs and CDFs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) as contaminants formed during the manufacture process. These compounds are inherently toxic, as well as environmentally persistent, and their presence may increase ecological risk associated with the use of pentachlorophenol. The EPA reviewed pentachlorophenol in 2008 and determined that products containing pentachlorophenol were eligible for reregistration, provided that risk mitigation measures were adopted and labels amended accordingly. Chromic acid, arsenic pentoxide and copper carbonate, basic products are used in wood preservatives for pressure and non-pressure treatment. They are impregnated into forest products, such as lumber, timber, posts, poles, and piles using a vacuum/pressure system. Boric acid products are used as wood preservatives to control decay-producing fungi in lumber and timber products. (Boric acid, borax and boron-containing salts are ubiquitous in the environment. Boron occurs naturally in water, fruits, vegetables, and forage crops, and is an essential nutrient for plants as well as an essential element for many organisms). 29

30 Table and 2009 top 10 Wood Preservative a.i.s sold 2008 WOOD PRESERVATIVES TOP 10 lbs a.i WOOD PRESERVATIVES TOP 10 lbs a.i. 1 ZINC BORATE 2,124,656 1 ZINC BORATE 1,396,000 2 PENTACHLOROPHENOL 1,017,126 2 PENTACHLOROPHENOL 1,044,225 3 COPPER 147,538 3 COPPER CARBONATE, BASIC 99,608 4 CHROMIC ACID 92,645 4 ZINC NAPHTHENATE 86,245 5 BORIC ACID 69,647 5 CHROMIC ACID 51,528 6 BORAX 66,651 6 ARSENIC PENTOXIDE 35,237 7 ARSENIC PENTOXIDE 63,502 7 DI OCTABORATE TETRAHYDRATE 25,199 8 DIDECYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM BICARBONATE 63,167 8 BORIC ACID 22,628 9 COPPER CARBONATE, BASIC, 62,624 9 BORAX 13, COPPER NAPTHENATE 38, COPPER NAPHTHENATE 12,496 Figure Top 10 Wood Preservative a.i.s Sold by Percentage. ARSNIC PENTOXIDE BORAX BORIC ACID CHROMIC ACID COPPER 4% PENTACHLOROP HENOL 27% DIDECYL DIMETHYL AMMONIUM BICARBONATE COPPER CARBONATE, BASIC COPPER NAPTHENATE ZINC BORATE 57% Figure Top 10 Wood Preservative a.i.s Sold by Percentage. CHROMIC ACID ZINC NAPHTHENATE COPPER CARBONATE, BASIC 4% ARSENIC PENTOXIDE PENTACHLOROP HENOL 38% DI OCTABORATE TETRAHYDRATE BORIC ACID BORAX 0% COPPER NAPHTHENATE 0% ZINC BORATE 50% Figure Percentage of Wood Preservative a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. Figure Percentage of Wood Preservative a.i.s Sold Compared to All Other Non-Ag a.i.s. WOOD PRESERVATIVES 6.4 WOOD PRESERVATIVES % 91.49% 30

31 APPENDIX TOP 100 NON-AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES BY SALES: 2008 &

32 Top 100 Non-Agricultural Pesticides by Sales:

33 2008 (cont.) 33

34 2008 (cont.) 34

35 Top 100 Non-Agricultural Pesticides by Sales:

36 2009 (cont.) 36

37 2009 (cont.) 37