ORISSA BACKGROUND. PRADAN (Professional Assistance for Development Action)

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1 ORISSA BACKGROUND PRADAN (Professional Assistance for Development Action)

2 PRESENTATION OUTLINE Brief description of the state Poverty regions & prospective locales of our work Characteristics of the poor in the selected regions Opportunities Our vision for the area Approach Possible action

3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE 3.6% of population of India resides in the state Has 4.7% of the total area Population density: 236 persons/sq km Urban population: 15% SC population: 16.5% ST population: 22.1% Sex ratio: 972 Literacy rate: 63.1 Female literacy rate: 50.5

4 CONTINUED. Per capita NSDP at current prices in : Rs 10,208, only above Bihar, Jharkhand and UP Main workers: 26.1 % of total population & 67% of total workers BPL population in : 47.2% 37% of the area is under forest and NSA is only 39% Rich in mineral resources and water resources By 2005, 46% of NSA is irrigated, but 46% of it only has assured irrigation Small and marginal holdings accounted for 82% in 1996

5 TREND OF BROAD SECTOR-WISE NSDP AT CURRENT PRICES Primary Secondary Tertiary Services %age contribution Year

6 PHYSICAL MAP

7 AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES Similar Agro- Climatic Zone in Chattisgarh Similar Agro-Climatic Zone in Jharkhand ORISSA PERSPECTIVE PLAN

8 ZONE WISE TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF LAND Zone Percentage of Cultivated Area Up land Medium land Low land Eastern Ghat Northern Plateau Central Table Land Coastal Plain Orissa ORISSA

9 INCIDENCE OF RURAL POVERTY IN Agro-Ecological Region Social Groups ST SC Others All Coastal Plains (least poor) Southern Highlands (poorest) Northern & Central Highlands Orissa ORISSA

10 FIFTEEN POOREST DISTRICTS District LCI* Rank Nabarangpur Kandhamal Boudh Malkangiri Kalahandi Nuapada Deogarh Keonjhar District LCI Rank Koraput Gajapati Mayurbhanj Balangir Kendrapada Rayagada Nayagarh * The Living Condition Index in State Development Report 8 districts are in the eastern ghat region and 3 are in the northern plateau region and 2 each in central and coastal region The districts in bold letters are those where PRADAN currently operates ORISSA

11 DISTRICT MAP AND PRADAN S WORK ORISSA

12 REASONS OF POVERTY Poor have high level of food insecurity and low incomes due to Socio-economic isolation and exploitation Poorly developed agriculture and allied sectors Chronic drought Low productivity and poor husbandry of natural resources and In some cases absence of any productive assets and displacement due to industrialisation and mining ORISSA

13 TYPES OF TARGETED POOR Type Places Characteristics Primitive tribes Hill tribes practitising shifting cultivation Practitioners of settled agriculture Landless industrial/ agricultural workers Live in remote areas of the selected districts Keonjhar, Deogarh, Kandhamal, Rayagada and Gajapati districts Most parts of the area, some have access to forests Mainly in Southern Orissa Exclusively depend on forests, small in number, annual income: Rs 10,000. They primarily depend on Agriculture (30% contribution), Forests (40%), Wage & other (30%), Annual income Rs 15,000 They depend on agriculture (50%), Forests (20%) and Wage & others (Livestock) (30%), Annual income of the order of Rs 20,000 Share cropping/farming on encroached government land (30%), wage & other (70%) Annual income: Rs 18,000 ORISSA

14 OPPORTUNITIES Large scheduled area receives tribal development funds from all departments as well as the Centre SGSY, SGRY, OREGS and watershed development programmes are available in all the districts Involvement of NGOs is uncommon except in externally aided programmes like WORLP and OTELP NABARD funds NGOs for various tribal development programmes In addition, each district has programmes for irrigation, horticulture, plantation, livestock and other infrastructure development Important State level legislations like Panchayati Raj Act as applicable to Scheduled Areas are there but the benefits of constitutional rights are yet to be realised by poor ORISSA

15 PROSPECTS Large funding from govt. for development of poor Government is keen to utilise the allotted resources There is huge potential for NRM based livelihood promotion for the poor Many resource institutions, like, WTCER, CIFA, OUAT, WIA, XIMB, et al are around Extensive poverty pockets offer huge scope for our intervention Skilled personnel are there in the line departments who may support our work Our work has been appreciated by the respective district administrations SHG movement has taken roots under Mission Shakti ORISSA

16 CONSTRAINTS Not many good NGOs in the State and the government is apprehensive of involving NGOs Government focused on setting up mines and large sophisticated industry which leads to frequent confrontation with local tribal population The bureaucracies focus is more on spending development funds than on the quality of execution Basic services are poor and malaria is rampant ORISSA People s representatives at all levels lack willingness to speak for the people Bankers (nationalised) lack business attitude with poor & there is little collaboration among the various stakeholders