Irrigation and drainage

Transcription

1 Higher Technical School of Agricultural Engineering UPCT Irrigation and drainage Qualification: Degree in Agri-food Engineering and Biological Systems Course: 2015/2016

2 1. Subject Information Name Irrigation and drainage Matter Irrigation and Drainage Module Materials specific Code Degree Degree in Agri-food Engineering and Biological Systems Study Plan Plan 2014 Centre Higher Technical School of Agricultural Engineering (ETSIA) Type Compulsory Teaching period Language Spanish 1st Four-month period Course 3rd ECTS 6 Hours / ECTS 30 Total workload (hours) 180

3 2. Teacher information Lecturer in charge Alain Baille Department Engineering the Food and Agricultural Equipment Knowledge area Location of the office Agroforestry Engineering Office 2.2. Second floor of the ETSIA Phone URL / WEB Timetable available/ Tutorials Location during the tutorials Tuesday: 16: 00-19:00 Wednesday: 10: 00-13: 00 Office 2.2, Second floor of the ETSIA Fax Professor collaborator Mariano Soto García Department Engineering the Food and Agricultural Equipment Knowledge area Location of the office Agroforestry Engineering Office Second floor of the ETSIA Phone Fax mariano.soto@crcc.com URL / WEB Timetable available/ Tutorials Location during the tutorials Tuesday: 17:30-19:00 Thursday: 16:00-17: 30 Office Second floor of the ETSIA

4 3. Contents 3.1 Contents according to the study plan of the subject Irrigation and Drainage 3.2 Program theory BLOCK I. REVIEW OF CONCEPTS: Unit 1. Historical Review of irrigation. Water cycle. Historical Review. Irrigation in the world. Irrigation in Europe. Irrigation in Spain. Irrigation in the Murcia Community. Water cycle. Water resources in Spain and in the Murcia Community. Unit 2. Soil-Plant-Atmosphere (SPA) System. Agrosystem and system concept. Inputs and outputs of an agricultural system. SPA agrosystem components. Transfer processes in the SPA system. The component "Floor". Unit 3. The water in the SPA system. The Soil Water. Water in the plant. Water in the atmosphere. Evaporation and transpiration. Notion of water balance. Units and terminology. Unit 4. Crop water demand and water use efficiency. Estimation of water demand of crops. The estimation methods of evapotranspiration. Production functions. Concept of Water Use Efficiency. Factors influencing the quality of irrigation. Irrigation water quality. BLOCK II. IRRIGATION METHODS AND SYSTEMS: Unit 5. Introduction to irrigation methods. Definitions and concepts. Irrigation networks. Components and organization. Farm irrigation: irrigation units and subunits. Irrigation methods. Principles. Irrigation methods. Advantages and disadvantages. Unit 6. Efficiency of irrigation systems. Notion of efficiency of irrigation systems. Consumptive and non-consumptive use. Water return. Efficiencies of transmission and distribution. Application efficiencies on the farm. Notion of irrigation uniformity. Unit 7. The design of irrigation systems. Definition, specificity. The main stages of design. Preliminary stage. Agronomic design. Parameters and criteria. The hydraulic design. Parameters and criteria. System evaluation. Parameters and criteria. Unit 8. Election and irrigation system programming. Irrigation, a decision problem. Criteria for choosing the irrigation system. Criteria for irrigation scheduling: main methods. Examples of programming methods. BLOCK III. Sprinkler irrigation: Unit 9. Features and Components. Definition, terminology, specificity. Classification of different sprinkler irrigation techniques. The components of a sprinkler system. Issuers sprinkler. Classification. Characteristic curves of issuers. Pipes and fittings elements. Unit 10. Sprinkler uniformity. Characterization and measurement of rainfall. Uniformity coefficient. Distribution uniformity. Application efficiency, satisfaction and distribution. Examples of determining efficiencies. Unit 11. Stationary irrigation. Different stationary systems. Fixed systems. Systems halffixed. Mobile systems. Agronomic stationary systems design. Unit 12. Mechanized systems to shift. The different mechanical systems. Travelers guns. Pivots. Frontal advance systems. The large wings.

5 Unit 13. Hydraulic design of stationary systems. Hydraulic design process a sprinkler unit. Calculation formulas used. Design of the branches. Design of tertiary and secondary. Application Examples. BLOCK IV. Localized irrigation: Unit 14. Characteristics and components. Definition, terminology, specificity. Classification of different drip irrigation techniques. The components of an irrigation system. Drip irrigation emitters. Classification. Unit 15. Drip irrigation emitters. Droppers. Hoses. The perforated pipes. The minisprinklers. Constructive uniformity. Hydraulic uniformity. Uniformity of the system. Unit 16. The wet bulb. Wet bulb characteristics. Theory and wet bulb equations. Analytical solutions. Numerical models. Application Examples. Unit 17. The head drip irrigation. The head of fertigation. The filtration equipment. Fertilization equipment. The security features. Unit 18. Control and automation. The measuring elements. The control elements. The security features. Automation levels. Unit 19. Agronomic irrigation design located. Agronomic process localized irrigation design. Steps to follow. Choice of the issuer. Available to issuers. Application Examples. Unit 20. Hydraulic design of a subunit. Hydraulic design process of a subunit. Steps to follow for the design of the sides. Formulas used. The different cases to consider. Steps to follow for the design of the tertiary. Application Examples. BLOCK V. Surface irrigation: Unit 21. Characteristics and components. Definition, terminology, specificity. Classification of the different techniques of surface irrigation. The components of a surface irrigation system. The phases of surface irrigation. Contact time. Infiltration equations and curves. Unit 22. Theoretical surface irrigation. The physical processes involved. The equations governing the processes. Modelling of surface irrigation. Methods for estimating the parameters of irrigation. Application example. Unit 23. Flood irrigation. Features flood irrigation. Classification. Irrigation in board. Flooded irrigation furrows. Method of design and evaluation. Flow measurements. Unit 24. The irrigation runoff. Features irrigation runoff. Classification. Irrigation belts. Furrow irrigation. Method of design and evaluation. Planning and leveling. BLOCK VI. Drainage systems: Unit 25. Introduction to drainage methods. Historical review. Definitions and concepts. Drainage functions. Advantages and disadvantages of drainage. Drainage networks. Components and organization. Different types of drainage. Unit 26. Aquifers and groundwater. Definitions. Borders. Influence of agricultural practices on the water table. Equipotential and power lines. Height piezometric. Definition. Measure. Hydraulic conductivity. Definition. Measure. Water balance. Salt balance. Unit 27. Hydraulics underground drainage. Theoretical basis. Characteristic parameters of the underground drainage. Saturated flow medium. Basic equations. Unsaturated flow medium. Basic equations. Equipotential and current curves.

6 Unit 28. Hydraulics underground drainage. Design equations. Steady state equations. Equations of: Dupuit-Forchheimer, Hooghoudt, Ernst. Variable rate equations. Methods Glover-Dumm, In Zeeuw-Hellinga. Practical application example. Unit 29. Bases for designing drainage systems. Design problems. The criteria steady drainage. Drainage criteria variable rate. Design stages of a drainage network. Hydraulic design of laterals. Hydraulic design of the other network elements. Unit 30. Materials and machinery for underground drainage. The drainage tubes. Surround. Auxiliary structures. Maintenance and cleaning of drains. Placing drains. Moles drains.

7 4. Resources and References 4.1 Basic bibliography BAILLE A., Riegos y Drenajes. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica (Ed.). ISBN: BAILLE A., Riegos y Drenajes. Mementos de Prácticas. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica (Ed.). ISBN: DE PACO LÓPEZ-SÁNCHEZ, J Fundamentos del cálculo hidráulico en los sistemas de riego y drenaje. Mundi Prensa. MEDINA SAN JUAN J.A., El riego por goteo. Mundi Prensa. PASCUAL B., Riegos de gravedad y a presión. Servicio de Publicaciones UPV, Valencia. TARJUELO, J.M "El riego por aspersión y su tecnología". Mundi Prensa. 4.2 Complementary bibliography FUENTES YAGÜE, J.L., Técnicas de riego. MAPA. LOSADA, A "El Riego. Fundamentos hidráulicos". 3ª Edición. Ed. Mundi- Prensa. Madrid. MARTÍNEZ BELTRÁN, J., Drenaje agrícola. Manuel técnico nº 5. Series de Ingeniería Rural y Desarrollo Agrario. MAPA PIZARRO, F., Riegos localizados de alta frecuencia. Ed, Mundi Prensa 4.3 Network resources and other resources The student may find topics taught in class Book on Irrigation and Drainage, Ed. ETSIA Furthermore the practices associated with this subject are contained in the book Mementos of practices, Irrigation and Drainage, Ed. ETSIA 2005.