UNFCCC Expert Meeting on Loss and Damage

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1

2 Climate risk is a significant challenge for food security it is projected that by 2050, 10-20% more people could be at risk of hunger due to climate risks

3 Climate change and food security

4 Cycle of livelihoods decline HH Food Availabilty and Access Livelihoo ods and food ne eeds met

5 Cycle of livelihoods decline HH Food Availabilty and Access Livelihoo ods and food ne eeds met Seasonal food shortages during lean season (safety nets) No shortages in a good year, but little margin

6 Cycle of livelihoods decline HH Food Availabilty and Access Drought Livelihoo ods and food ne eeds met Major drought has immediate and long term impacts on household livelihoods

7 Cycle of livelihoods decline HH Food Availabilty and Access Livelihoo ods and food ne eeds met With increased climate risk, this pattern becomes even more difficult to manage

8 R4 Rural Resilience Initiative

9 R4 Rural Resilience Model HH Food Availabilty and Access Livelihoo ods and food ne eeds met

10 R4 Rural Resilience Model HH Food Availabilty and Access Drought Livelihoo ods and food ne eeds met Drought risk reduction an irrigation system or soil conservation limits impact of drought

11 R4 Rural Resilience Model HH Food Availabilty and Access Drought Livelihoo ods and food ne eeds met Insurance for Work policy pay-out helps meet needs during the drought

12 R4 Rural Resilience Model HH Food Availabilty and Access Drought Livelihoo ods and food ne eeds met Access to credit allows increased productivity, diversification and ability to save, protected by insurance

13 R4 Rural Resilience Model Drought HH Food Availabilty and Access Livelihoo ods and food ne eeds met Risk reduction, insurance and savingsprovide a resilient set of risk management tools to protect the food security that the household is building

14

15 Year Participants 1,200 6,000 18,000 18,000 start Done with partners from 1. National level analysis 2. Local analysis and program design 3. Detailed component design Integrated with MEL framework

16 Integrated climate risk analysis Livelihood zones Population density Frequency of poor growing seasons Dry spell length (average ) Food consumption score Malnutrition rates (GAM) Wealth index

17 SEASONAL CALENDAR KOUSSANAR - TYPICAL YEAR Months JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER RAINS DRY SEASON Loli Nor (HOT) Thiorone (VERY HOT) Loli (cool) Agriculture Water shortage Input supply Fertilizer Fertilizer Bush clearing / manure application Soil preparation Sowing Fertilizer application Weeding Harvest Expenditures rainy season Ramadan + Tabaski + Gamu (varies) CHRONIC. Access is difficult and quality is poor Ploughing Nawet Medical (malaria, diarrea), food (high prices) School fees + weddings Wedding ceremonies School fees Refund of agriculture loans refund consumption loans Refund informal loans Petty trade (continous) Horticulture Sale of cotton Sale of groundnuts sale of sesame sale of cereals sale of jujuba fruits sale of baobab fruits sale of wood / charcoal (continuous) Purchase of animal feed Deadline before penalties apply Okra, chillies, eggplants, tomatoes, african eggplant, bissap, etc. Use of wells animal diseases Newcastle due to heat Animal deaths (a few) Parasites Lalo mbep Animal sales (they sell 1 or 2 small ruminants per year, equal to about 100 kg of rice) Agricultural labour Youth migration Markets (continuous) High food prices Low food prices Diseases (diarrea) Malnutrition Malaria Towards Kédougou and Tamba Intense (peaks in mid-june-july, then from October) Physical access to markets difficult Lean season, high prices on all markets 1 meal per day Best / worse period Best 1 meal per day, diseases (women, children) Hunger gap Everybody Children Better quality, better price Domestic expenditures food diversification Cereal price lower after harvest Empty granaries, borrowing, rice consumption, sale of wood and animals, pawning of equipment, remittances Lalo Mbep Assistance Types LABOUR VOUCHERS / GFD

18 2012 Payout

19 Lessons from evaluations

20 Lessons Learned from practice

21

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