Global WHERE development DOES of aquaculture: THE

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1 Global WHERE development DOES of aquaculture: THE challenges MONEY COME and opportunities FROM? 3er Foro Económico de Pesca y Acuacultura: La Acuacultura: un alterrnativa para la alimentación Mexico City, November 2013 Dr Lahsen Ababouch Director, Policy and economics Division Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization Rome, Italy

2 WELCOME TO FAO THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

3 Eradicate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition Eliminate rural poverty through Sustainable management and utilization of natural resources socio-economic development

4 Eradicate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition Global Goals Elimination of poverty through economic and social progress for all Sustainable management and utilization of natural resources SO1: Contribute to the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition SO 2: Increase and improve provision of goods and services from agriculture, forestry and fisheries in a sustainable manner SO 3: Reduce rural poverty SO 4: Enable more inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems at local, national and international levels SO 5: Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises Development outcome indicators for monitoring progress, which measure the long term effects to which OOs contribute Organizational Outcomes Organizational Outcomes Organizational Outcomes Organizational Outcomes Organizational Outcomes Organizational Outcome indicators to measure changes produced from the use of FAO outputs, among others Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Outputs Output indicators for monitoring FAO deliverables Outreach FAO Enabling Environment Objective on technical quality, knowledge and services, including the cross cutting themes: gender and governance Information Technology FAO Governance, oversight and direction Efficient and effective administration Enabling functions for improved corporate performance monitored by key performance indicators 4 4

5 HOW DO WE GET THE JOB DONE? Putting information within reach Sharing policy expertise Providing a meeting place for nations Bringing knowledge to the field

6 Producing food and providing nutrition

7 Fishery production and utilization Fish production (million tonnes live weight) Aquaculture for human consumption Capture for human consumption Non food uses Per capita food fish supply Per capita fish supply (kg)

8 Contribution of fish to human diet (2009) WORLD 16.5 LIFDC's 24.2 Latin America & Caribbean 7.0 Northern America 7.4 Oceania 11.0 Europe 11.6 Africa 19.3 Asia Fish as percentage of total animal protein intake

9 Fish: Informati on A complete nutrient package Major source of animal proteins and micronutrients for many coastal populations Unique source of poly unsaturated fatty acids (DHA, EPA) for optimal brain development and the prevention of coronary heart disease Unique & complete source of micronutrients (calcium, iodine, zinc, iron, selenium,...) Source of vitamins (A, D, B group)generally scarce in rural diets

10 Fish: Informati on Micronutrient deficiency 250 million preschool children are vitamin A deficient Examples of the importance of micronutrients Level of micronutrient in 100 g edible part Small sized fish eaten whole, good source; > µg RAE in 100 g Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) Recommended daily intake for children: 500 µg RAE 54 countries are still iodine-deficient Iron deficiency affects about 2 billion people Seafood nearly the only natural food source of iodine; 250 µg iodine in 100 g Cod (Gadhus morhua) Small sized fish eaten whole, good source; 45 mg iron in 100 g Chanwa pileng (Esomus longimanus) 120 µg 8.9 mg child deaths per year are attributable to zinc deficiency Small sized fish eaten whole, good source; 20 mg zinc in 100 g Chanwa pileng (Esomus longimanus) 3.7 mg

11 Generating employment and adding value

12 Utilization of world fisheries production ( ) Million tonnes (live weight) Non-food purposes Canning Curing Freezing Marketing as fresh produce

13 Socio Economic importance of the fish and seafood value chain Estimated Total Value 818 US $ billion in 2008 Fisheries US $ 100 billion Primary processing Secondary processing Distribution Aquaculture US $ 98 billion US $ 90 billion US $ 180 billion US $ 350 billion 13 Employment in fisheries and aquaculture: million persons in fisheries and aquaculture million along the value chain million persons (12%) depend on the sector for their livelihoods -

14 Employment & Livelihoods

15 Social Aspects Employment An Example from Thai shrimp sector in 2007: Highly diverse Many opportunities Many people are involved

16 Enabling trade

17 Export of fish and seafood: (US $ billion) 140 Developed countries Developing countries Billions of US$ Source: GTIS (2012)

18 Net exports of developing countries US$ billion Moderately exploited 20 Milk Meat Rice Tobacco Tea Banana Sugar Cocoa Natural Rubber Coffee Fish

19 Development of Aquaculture

20 Fishery production and utilization million tonnes live weight : 62.7 million tonnes 2012: 66.3 million tonnes 2013: 69.9 million tonnes : estimate; 2013: forecast

21 Surpass by 2015 Million tonnes (live weight) Total capture Capture for human consumption Aquaculture

22 Aquaculture vs agriculture Fruit Milk Eggs Meat Cereals Vegetables Aquaculture Annual growth rate %

23 Aquaculture vs meat Annual growth rate % Aquaculture Poultry Meat Sheep and Goat Beef and Buffalo Meat

24 Aquaculture production [Million Tonnes] Americas, Europe, Africa, and Oceania Combined. 9% China 61% Asia 91%

25 Aquaculture Fish Production ( ) Source: FAO (2010)

26 Shrimp aquaculture Production ( ) Millions of metric tonnes Other Africa/Middle East India & Bangladesh Americas China Southeast Asia Source: FAO (2010)

27 World production of bivalves by species Million tonnes Mussels Scallops, pectens Oysters Clams, cockles, arkshells

28 World production of bivalves by species Oysters Mussels Clams, cockles, arkshells Aquaculture Capture Scallops, pectens 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

29 Main producing countries (2010) Source: FAO (2010)

30 Current and Future Drivers for Aquaculture Development Demographic growth Enlargement of the middle class Increasing fish demand Stagnation of production from capture fisheries Investment in innovations (feed, breeding, genetics, bio security) Political commitment to introduce investment promotion policies and processes

31 Evolution de la classe moyenne million (%) (OECD, 2010) North America 338 (18%) 333 (10%) 322 (7%) Europe 664 (36%) 703 (22%) 680 (14%) Central and South America Asia and Pacific Sub Saharian Africa Middle east and North Africa 181 (10%) 251 (8%) 313 (6%) 525 (28%) 740 (54%) 3228 (66%) 32 (2%) 57 (2%) 107 (2%) 105 (6%) 165 (5%) 234 (5%) Total World 1845 (100%) 3249 (100%) 4484 (100%)

32 Growth rate of fish production by decades Least-squares growth rate (%) Aquaculture Capture Source: FAO

33 Perspectives of fish supply Fish supply (mt) 2010 (baseline) 2030 (projection) Aquaculture Capture fisheries Total supply % of aquaculture: 40 (48 for human consumption) 58 Source: Estimation of FI Department Source: FAO FISHSTAT

34 Risks Increased risks of diseases and of international pathogen transfer Increased competition for water, land and oceans Environment pollution from nutrient dispersion, genetic interactions and biodiversity impacts Feed availability and price Carbon footprints and sustainability Climate change

35 Fishmeal and Fish oil Higher prices USD/tonne Fish oil El Niño Fishmeal

36 Fishmeal production Million tonnes (product weight) From fish by products From whole fish El niño El Niño

37 Examples of FAO s work to tackle the challenges Normative work Technical assistance Global Blue Growth Initiative (GAAP)

38 FAO SubCommittee on Aquaculture (3 rd Session. New Delhi, India, 2006) Expressed concern over the emergence of a wide range of certification schemes and their cost/benefit value recognized the need for globally accepted norms for aquaculture production to serve: 1. as a basis for improved harmonization and 2. to facilitate mutual recognition and equivalence of such certification schemes; Requested FAO to: 1. convene Expert Workshop (s) and 2. to play a lead role in facilitating the development of guidelines for certification in aquaculture

39 Process COFI SC: AQ/III 8 12 September 2006 New Delhi, India January 2007: Secretariat, Advisory Group, E mail recipient list, Website Bangkok Workshop February 2007 Guidelines Draft 1 Fortaleza Workshop September 2007 Guidelines Draft 2 Cochin, India meeting November 2007 London meeting February 2008 Guidelines Draft 3 Silver Spring, Washington D.C meeting May 2008 Beijing meeting May 2008 Guidelines Draft 4 COFI/AQ/IV 6 10 October 2008 Puerta Varas, Chile 28 th Session of COFI, 2 6 March 2009, Rome, Italy Comments by members January 2009 Guidelines Draft 5 Technical consultation March 2010 Guidelines Draft 6 5 th Session of COFI: SC on Aquaculture, Phuket, June th Session of COFI, Rome, January 2011 Final Guidelines 6 th Session of COFI: SC on aquaculture, Cape Town, South Africa, March 2012 Update on implementation

40 Guidelines for aquaculture certification 1. Background 2. Scope 3. Terms and Definitions 4. Users 5. Application 6. Principles 7. Minimum Substantive Criteria 7.1 Animal Health and Welfare (OIE) 7.2 Food Safety 7.3 Environmental Integrity 7.4 Social Responsibility 8. Institutional and procedural requirements 8.1 Governance 8.2 Standards Setting 8.3 Accreditation 8.4 Certification 9. Implementation

41 Samalanga Cluster 41 FAO Aceh 601/ARC Jun 2010

42 Economics (US$ per ha) Gross Revenue increased by 14% Profit Doubled over the year 42

43 Progress: Villages Farmers Ha FAO Aceh 601/ARC Jun 2010

44 Development (Africa Regional) Development of African aquaculture through policy assistance, aquaculture service and technology provision, commercial seed and feed development, and strengthening aquatic biosecurity Support to Europe (Europe Regional) Technical assistance for aquaculture production for appropriate countries based on the new EU guidelines on aquaculture development Sustainable Production (Gulf Region-Near East) Networking and legal and institutional strengthening towards increasing aquatic production through sustainable aquaculture Capacity Development (Central Asia Regional) Establishing aquaculture in Central Asia through policy and legal assistance and institutional and human capacity development Intensification (Asia Regional) Sustainable intensification of aquaculture in Asia with focus on social, economic, environmental and climate change aspects Diversification (Latin America Regional) Sustainable diversification of aquaculture in Latin America through implementation of IMTA and EAA concepts, improving sustainability of tilapia, shrimp and salmon sectors Establishing Aquaculture (SIDS-South Pacific) Technical assistance for the South-Pacific islands for assisting establishing aquaculture through policy, technology, legal and institutional strengthening. South-Pacific sub-regional. Sustainable Feeds (Global) Sourcing sustainable marine resources and producing more innovative marine resource supplements for aquaculture feeds industry Investment (Global) Identifying investment opportunities in commercial aquaculture and assisting financial agencies to develop investment programmes in support of national development economic programmes Global Fund for Aquaculture (Global) Global fund to support investment in innovations and start ups to address key gaps and to provide bridging and investments prior to commercial investment Minimising Environmental Risks (Global) Potential GEF-6 supported programme assisting member countries to reduce environmental and biodiversity impacts of aquaculture in shared water bodies Technical Assistance (Global) Improving knowledge and building capacity at national levels in specific key priority technical areas

45 Global Aquaculture Advancement Programme 45 Diversification - Latin America Regional Diversification (Latin America Regional) Sustainable diversification of aquaculture in Latin America through implementation of IMTA and EAA concepts, improving sustainability of tilapia, shrimp and salmon sectors Support not sure?

46 Sustainable Feeds (Global) Sourcing sustainable marine resources and producing more innovative marine resource supplements for aquaculture feeds industry Minimising Environmental Risks (Global) Potential GEF-6 supported programme assisting member countries to reduce environmental and biodiversity impacts of aquaculture in shared water bodies Global Fund for Aquaculture (Global) Global fund to support investment in innovations and start ups to address key gaps and to provide bridging and investments prior to commercial investment 46 Investment (Global) Identifying investment opportunities in commercial aquaculture and assisting financial agencies to develop investment programmes in support of national development economic programmes Technical Assistance (Global) Improving knowledge and building capacity at national levels in specific key priority technical areas

47 شكرا! 谢谢! Thank you! Merci! Gracias! Спасибо! Lahseno.org