Challenges for municipalities in determining & implementing strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation

Transcription

1 Challenges for municipalities in determining & implementing strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation 28 January 2010 By Kobie Brand Regional Director: ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability - Africa

2 ICLEI History ICLEI Charter adopted by 200 local governments at the United Nations in New York ICLEI established as the international local government association, movement and agency for sustainability Mission: To build and serve a worldwide movement of local governments to achieve tangible improvements in global sustainability with special focus on environmental conditions through cumulative local actions

3 ICLEI Offices Canada Office Toronto, Canada World Secretariat Bonn, Germany International Training Centre Freiburg, Germany European Secretariat Freiburg, Germany Japan Office Tokyo, Japan USA Office Washington DC, USA Mexico Office Mexico City Brazil Office Sao Paulo Latin America and Caribbean Secretariat Buenos Aires, Argentina Africa Secretariat Cape Town, South Africa Oceania Secretariat Melbourne, Australia Korea Office Jeju, Korea Southeast Asia Secretariat Manila, Philippines South Asia Secretariat Delhi, India

4 ICLEI Membership cities, towns, counties and municipal associations representing over 400 million people worldwide

5 Partnerships global inclusive approach UNEP, UN-HABITAT, UN-CSD, UNDP, UNDESA UN-SCBD, UN-SFCCC United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) Metropolis South African Cities Network (SACN) Global Footprint Network World Water Forum Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) Clinton Climate Initiative IUCN and Countdown 2010 International Center for Sustainable Cities (ICSC) Global Alliance for EcoMobility Global Energy Basel Many more...

6 ICLEI Africa Regional Office Currently hosted by the City of Cape Town Membership: 40+ Local Authorities, 13+ in South Africa Partners: UCLG-Africa, Academic Institutions, NGO s, LG Associations like SALGA etc Key focus areas: (integrated, people-owned, local solutions) Energy and Climate Change (advocacy, mitigation and adaptation) Urban Biodiversity (LAB) Water and Sanitation Urban Planning Sustainable Procurement

7 Climate Change Basics Climate Risks: Natural disasters reported

8 Climate Change - Projections Sea level rise m ( relative to ) Increasing temperature C ( relative to ) Changes in rainfall patterns Drought Floods ( IPCC, 2007) Changes in wind speed ( IPCC, 2007)

9 Climate Change -Vulnerabilities Security implications Biodiversity Housing Education Tourism Food security Resource scarcity conflicts Waste management Migration Water availability Disaster risk management Energy resources Spatial and town planning Communication linkages Coastal zones Transport Storm water management Economic stability Health Policy and strategy planning Livelihoods Poverty reduction challenges

10 History of Climate Change in South Africa South Africa is a signatory to the UNFCCC 1997 and Kyoto Protocol 2002 South Africa s Climate Change Strategy December 2009: South Africa committed to Emissions Reductions Targets of 34% by 2020 below business as usual and 42% by 2025 White Paper on Renewable Energy 2003 Climate Change Response Strategy 2009 Inter-governmental Committee on Climate Change National Committee on Climate Change (NCCC)

11 History of Climate Change South Africa's Greenhouse Gas Inventory (2004) - Base year: 1990 DEA Climate Change database - registry for all climate mitigation projects in South Africa Local Governments in South Africa: - active in Climate Change - implementing strategies for mitigation - developing plans for adaptation - have worked independently of other spheres of government, in line with global trends and leadership at local level

12 Cities and Climate Change Basic Facts: Cities cover less that 1% of the earth s surface More than 50% of the world s population live in cities 75% of the world s energy is consumed by cities 80% of all greenhouse gasses are emitted by cities

13 Challenges of determining and implementing strategies Challenges Adaptation Mitigation Funding Staff turnover Economic instability Lack of resource/ capacity Prioritization Lack of Integration Lack of Forward Planning

14 Nelson Mandela Bay Vulnerabilities/ Challenges Case Study: South African Metros Services and infrastructure: Vulnerable to sea storm surges Vulnerable to flash flooding Socio economics 90km of coast line = tourism draw card High levels of poverty Awareness Lack of education and awareness Lack of preparedness Lack of historical climatic data 008/09/more-spring-tides.html

15 Nelson Mandela Bay Energy and Climate Change: South African Metros Initiatives addressing Climate Change Strong, pro-active Energy and Electricity Directorate Alternative and Renewable Energy Projects Strong political will and broad-based commitment Risk Assessments

16 Energy and Climate Change: South African Metros Mangaung Vulnerabilities Services and infrastructure: Vulnerable to extreme temperatures Changes in Rainfall and precipitation patterns (Agriculture) Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Socio-economics High levels of poverty Limited livelihood opportunities Institutional barriers Lack of funding Knowledge gaps Lack of awareness Justification of priorities (allocation of funding to Climate Change given the poverty)

17 Energy and Climate Change: South African Metros Mangaung Initiatives addressing Climate Change Climate Change entrenched in the City s Environmental Policy Developing Climate Change Policy End June 2010 Drive to insulate and retrofit housing Job creation activities State of Energy Report

18 City of Cape Town Vulnerabilities Energy and Climate Change: South African Metros Services and infrastructure: Sea storm surges Increasing temperatures Air quality Socio-economics Loss of coastal development Poor communities situated in low lying, vulnerable areas Livelihoods Institutional barriers Lack of effective communication between line function Lack of capacity (both human capacity and knowledge) Highly developed

19 City of Cape Town Energy and Climate Change: South African Metros Initiatives addressing Climate Change Energy and Climate Change Strategy Section 80 Energy Committee - groundbreaking City of Cape Town: Adaptation Framework City of Cape Town: Adaptation Action Plan Ongoing Sea Level Rise investigation State of the Environment Report Communication, Education and Public Awareness (CEPA)

20 Energy and Climate Change: ICLEI and Partners Example: Sub-Saharan African Cities: A five-city Network to Pioneer Climate Adaptation through Participatory Research and Local Action Tailor-made City Adaptation Frameworks Establishment of an historical baseline data set Capacity building Network: knowledge and data sharing, dissemination of good practice Walvis Bay, Namibia Cape Town, South Africa Maputo, Mozambique Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Port Louis, Mauritius

21 Maputo Case Study: Maladaptation Private funded adaptation Municipality Adaptation

22 Further Case Studies Walvis Bay, Namibia Different spheres of governance can create obstacles Water: National Government Roads: Local Government Can lead to breakdown in communications Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Often funding received by City City comprised of 3 different municipalities Funding often does not adequately reach the local level

23 Way Forward Integrated Approach - between sectors within cities - between governmental spheres - between municipalities Capacity Building within Local Governments Pro-active stance Forward Planning Dissemination of good practice

24 Local Government Climate Roadmap The process Parallel process to UN Climate Roadmap Strengthening national-local partnerships Focusing on strategic importance of local governments in post-2012 Climate Agreement 2007 COP13 Bali 2008 COP14 Poznan 2009 Climate talks Bonn, Bangkok and Barcelona

25 Local Governments In Copenhagen Facilitator ICLEI on behalf of LGs Key global partners - United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) - C40 Climate Leadership Group - World Mayors Council on Climate Change (WMCCC) - Metropolis African Local Government Climate Roadmap Pre-Copenhagen Summit, Tshwane, South Africa, July

26 The African Local Government Climate Roadmap Pre-Copenhagen Summit, Tshwane, South Africa Aim: to facilitate a horizontal and vertical mobilisation towards concrete action and a consolidated voice from African Local Governments regarding the UN Climate Framework. Accessible platform for African local governments for action at the local level and to gain an understanding of the role and position of Local Governments in the post-2012 Climate Framework negotiations. Partners:

27 The African LG Declaration on Climate Change Unique and specific African local dimension: Statements, Calls and Commitments Fed into numerous national and regional African and international processes Presented to the South African National Department of Environmental Affairs National Climate Consultation session Subsequently will feed into the African and G77 Climate Change negotiating processes

28 "A revolution of society on a scale never witnessed in peacetime is needed if climate change is to be tackled successfully. The challenge is for developed nations to cut carbon emission levels by 60 to 80 per cent from current levels by (Bjørn Stigson, President of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development) Thank you Kobie Brand