CALIFORNIA CROP IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION COMPREHENSIVE ANNUAL RESEARCH REPORT July 1, 2017 to June 30, Developing Malting Barley for California

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1 PROJECT TITLE: STATUS: Developing Malting Barley for California Continuing PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Isabel A. del Blanco and Jorge Dubcovsky LEVEL OF FUNDING: $18,000 OBJECTIVES AND EXPERIMENTS CONDUCTED BY LOCATION TO ACCOMPLISH OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the malting barley program at UC Davis are to develop two-rowed spring varieties adapted to different California environments, with resistance to the most important diseases (i.e. the yellow dwarf virus: CYDV & BYDV, stripe rust, powdery mildew, etc.), excellent malting quality and superior grain yield. A secondary objective is to select short-cycle genotypes to fit in different rotations. As part of this vision, we released and PVP, in 2016, the first two-row malting barley cultivar for California: UC Tahoe. In 2018, we plan to release and PVP our second two-row malting barley: UC 1390 a short cycle elite line with excellent malting quality. Breeder seed of UC1390 is in stock, and Foundation seed will be available for sale in July Every year we create new crosses, select families and individual plants in different generations, and evaluate advanced lines in replicated trails. We continued the interaction with the malt houses developing in our State. This interaction will help us to prioritize the traits that are most desirable for the malting and brewing industry, and target them for improvement. SUMMARY OF RESEARCH (Major Accomplishments) BY OBJECTIVE: During the funding period, starting July , we created new genetic combinations, selected segregating populations from F2 to F6 in the field and in the lab using Marker Assisted Selection (MAS), evaluated advanced lines in the UC Davis Regionals and in the Western AMBA Pilot-Scale Trial. We planted and evaluated the Western AMBA Pilot Trial at UC Davis for grain yield potential and malting quality (Results shown in Table 1 & Table 2). Grain samples from advanced lines, as well as the AMBA Pilot Malting entries, were sent to the Malting Quality Lab. at the Cereal Crops Research Unit, USDA- ARS, Madison WI, for quality evaluation. We made crosses following the objectives of improving disease resistance and malting quality, and started specific crosses and backcrosses to reduce protein content and β glucans. The recommended limit of grain protein by AMBA is 12%, and higher protein contents are subject to penalty in price, or rejected, at local and international markets. The objective of incorporating the low GPC character is to allow the cultivation of the barley crop in optimum conditions of irrigation and

2 nitrogen fertilization to boost grain yields, without increasing percentage of protein in the grain to unacceptable levels. A grant from the Brewers Association was obtained focusing on this objective. β glucans for UCD lines were too high, according to the Malting Quality data from last years. We initiated crosses to the mutant M351 (Hua et al., 2014), with very low content of these polysaccharides, with the objective of reducing the β glucan content in our lines. Now, we are making the first backrosses, in the greenhouse, with the objective of advancing these low protein and low β glucan germplasm as fast as possible. We are also in the first backcross to introgress the gene complex rgp4/rpg5, only known resistance to race TTKSK (Ug99) of stem rust, in our UCD lines. The Registration of UC Tahoe, released in 2016, was accepted by the Journal of Plant Registrations and it is currently in press. Genomic selection efforts at UC Davis started, advanced lines have been sent for both, malting and genotyping analysis. A database including genotypes and malting quality parameters is in progress. These training datasets will be used for genomic selection for malting quality parameters and will help to better understand the genetic factors controlling quality in our environments. A double-haploid population between two parents having excellent malting quality and wide genetic variability has been created to study malting quality traits and perform QTL mapping. Results from 2016/17 AMBA Pilot Malting Trial planted at UC Davis are shown in Tables 1 (Grain Yield), and Table 2 (Malting Quality Results from the USDA-ARS Malt. Quality Laboratory at Madison, WI). One UCD line (UC1410) was the top yielding entry, UC Tahoe was in the 4 th position. UC1390 was the UCD line with the best malting quality, comparable to the AMBA standard checks Harrington, Metcalf and Merit 57. PUBLICATION AND REPORTS 2017/18: Hegarty, J.M., I.A. del Blanco, L. Gallagher and J. Dubcovsky Registration of UC Tahoe, a California Adapted Two-Rowed Spring Barley for Craft-Scale Malting. Journal of Plant Registrations. In Press. All required reports for the American Malting Barley Association (AMBA), California Crop Improvement Association (CCIA), Brewers Association, Ug99 NACA SCA, and USDA-ARS have been submitted.

3 Presentations 2017/18: - DREC, Imperial Valley - April 11, UC Davis May 11, 2017 GRANTS 2017: - AMBA (2017) $28,000 for Malting Barley Breeding - CCIA (2017) $18,000 for Malting Barley Breeding - CCIA (2017) $10,000 for Oat Breeding - USDA ARS SCA (2017) $16,700 for Disease Nurseries - USDA ARS (2017) $ 29,000 for TTKSK SCA resistance integrated effort - USDA ARS ( ): 15,000 for Ug99 Sentinel Plots - Brewers Association: $12,000 for reducing protein levels in Malting Barley SERVICES PROVIDED Participation as Field Day Judge (UC Davis, March 3, 2018) 2- Participation as Picnic Day Volunteer (UC Davis, April 21, 2018) 3- Served in the search committee for the Ag Supervisor position, May June 2017 NEW EQUIPMENT: As a first step to renew the outdated equipment in the barley program, we recently (2018) purchased a Pfeuffer MLN sample cleaner and de-awner, REFERENCES: del Blanco, I.A., J. Hegarty, L. Gallagher, B. Falk, G. Brown-Guedira, E. Pellerin, and J. Dubcovsky Mapping of Qtl for Tolerance to Cereal Yellow Dwarf Virus in two-rowed Spring Barley. Crop Sci. 54: Hua, G., C. Burton, Z. Hong and E. Jackson A mutation of the cellulose-synthase-like (CslF6) gene in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) partially affects the b-glucan content in grains. J. Cereal Sci. 59,

4 CONCISE GENERAL SUMMARY OF CURRENT YEAR'S RESULTS: During the funding period 2017/18, we created new genetic combinations with the objective of increasing grain yield and malting quality of UCD lines. Specific crosses and backcrosses have been made to reduce protein and β glucan content, essential traits in malting quality. We made also crosses and backcrosses to sources of resistance to the African stem rust strain TTKSK (Ug99) in adapted germplasm. A two-row malting barley (Conlon), and some lines from Canada (SH98076 from the University of Saskatchewan Crop Development Centre; and to TR02272, developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada program) carrying rpg4/rpg5, were used as donor parents to introgress this gene complex into UCD lines. Generations F2 to F5 were advanced and selected in the field. Hundreds of rows of barley lines, from different breeding programs, were evaluated in our field at UCD for stripe rust, and other diseases, resistance and the best entries were incorporated into our crossing block. Elite UCD lines were evaluated in the Regional Trials (intra-state) and in the AMBA Pilot Malting trials (inter-state). The Registration of UC Tahoe is in press in the Journal of Plant Registrations (Hegarty et al., 2018). Breeder seed of UC 1390 has been produced, and the PVP and release of this new malting barley cultivar will be completed during the current year. Foundation seed will be available for sale on July/August 2019.

5 Table 1. AMBA Pilot Malting Grain Yield Results at Davis, CA R-Square = 0.67 CV = Entry F-value = 7.76 Yield Mean = 6064lb/acre LSD = 1019 lb./acre; Pr > F = < Rank Entry Name Lb./acre LSD Grouping 1 14 UC a 2 15 UC ab 3 7 USDA bc 4 13 UC Tahoe 7118 bc 5 19 Malteurop bc 6 8 MT bc 7 18 Malteurop bc 8 26 WSU bc 9 25 WSU cd WSU cde MT cde Malteurop cde 13 4 USDA def 14 1 Harrington 5639 def 15 3 Merit def UC def WSU def MT def 19 5 USDA ef WSU f Malteurop f 22 2 Metcalfe 4940 f 23 9 MT f 24 6 USDA f MT f Malteurop f

6 Table 2. Malt Quality Results for AMBA Pilot Malting Trial (2017) at Davis, CA, from the USDA-ARS Malting Lab. (Madison, WI). Entry K.W. on 6/64 Barley Malt Wort Wort Barley Wort S/T DP a-amyl. B-glucan FAN Adj. Adj All Malt All Malt (mg) (%) Color Extract Color Clarity Protein Protein (%) ( ASBC) (20 DU) (ppm) (ppm) Quality Rank Quality Rank USDA USDA * USDA * USDA MT MT * MT * MT MT UC Tahoe UC UC UC Malteurop Malteurop Malteurop Malteurop Malteurop WSU WSU WSU WSU WSU Harrington 32.0 * Metcalf Merit Conrad Check Conrad Check

7 F. APPROVALS Isabel Alicia del Blanco Malting Barley Breeder Gail Taylor, Chair Plant Sciences Department