Yields of flax and hemp in Europe

Transcription

1 Workshop Agronomy and logistic of fibre crops Rome, 20/3/13 P. Baraniecki, K. Heller Institute of Natural Fibres & Medicinal Plants, Poznań, Poland Yields of flax and hemp in Europe 1

2 1. Whater availability Liebig's Law states that growth only occurs at the rate permitted by the most limiting In EU region the most limiting factor effected on flax yields very often is the weather conditions (precipitations) Workshop Agronomy and logistic of fibre crops Rome, 20/3/13

3 1. Wheather conditions The effect of the weather conditions on flax straw yield ( ) average from 312 field trials Very cold years (<13,6 C) Cold years (13,6-15,4 C) Medium warm years (15,5-17,2 C) Warm years >17,2 C 10 0 Dry years <100 mm Medium humid years ( mm) Humid years <300 mm Fibre flax should be grown in area where the annual precipitation is at least mm, and where at least mm of rainfalls in the vegetation period 3

4 1. Forecrop The effect of forecrop on fibre flax yield ( ) average from 312 field trials 70 66,45 68, ,31 Yield of seed (dt/ha) Yield of deseeded straw (dt/ha) ,28 7,88 9,57 0 potato sugar beet winter wheat Place in crop rotation - forecrops the best for flax are cereals crops (wheat)

5 1. Soil requirements Fertile, medium-heavy soil, in good culture, particularly humus sandy clay soils, that create no crust, and with regulated 19 th March 2013 Technical meeting, Rome 5 water/soil/air ratio

6 Integrated method of fibre flax growing CULTIVARS (acc. M. Pavelek 2012) Currently registred in UE: Resistance to pathogen complex: 8 p. Resistance to abiotic stresses (drought, high temp.): 5-6 p. Middle vegetation period; Yielding potential of unretted stem 7-8 t. ha -1 ; Yielding potential of seeds t.ha -1 Long fibre content potential % Total fibre content potential % Long fibre yielding potential reached In trials: 1,25-1,40 t.ha -1 ; Total fibre yielding potential reached in trials: 2,50-3,50 t.ha fibre flax cultivars 77 linseed cultivars 6 varietes - "forma aestiva" 4 varietes "forma hibernalis" Cultivar selection and regionalization in ICM Systems 6

7 Resistance to drought

8 The effect of sowing time on fibre flax yield ( ) average from 312 field trials ,62 56,52 52,6 Yield of seed (dt/ha) Yield of deseeded straw (dt/ha) ,92 6,83 6,2 0 before 20th April 20th April-1st May after 1st May sowing time a few days after oat sowing when marsh-marigold (Caltha palustris L.) is flowering

9 (

10 The effect of sowing method and harvest date on fibre yield. Pętkowo, Stary Sielec ( ) Yield of flax fibre [kg/ha BBCH 65 BBCH 75 BBCH 83 Modran (PL) kg/ha [stripe] 110 kg/ha [row] 140 kg/ha [stripe] 140 kg/ha [row] sowing density mln seeds per 1 ha which accounts to kg/ha depth of planting - 2 cm High plant population density gives high stem yields and fibre quality, suppresing stem branching

11 The effect of the level of weed infestation on fibre flax yield ( ) average from 301 field trials 65,38 55,58 50,4 Yield of seed (dt/ha) Yield of deseeded straw (dt/ha) ,64 7,08 6,31 0 Weed mass <1 T/ha Weed mass 1-3 T/ha Weed mass >3 T/ha

12 The effect of sowing method and harvest date on fibre yield Cv Modran (PL) - EF Pętkowo, EF Stary Siels ( ) Yield of flax fibre [kg/ha BBCH 65 BBCH 75 BBCH kg/ha [stripe] 110 kg/ha [row] 140 kg/ha [stripe] 140 kg/ha [row] the optimum harvest time is the beginning of flax green - yellow maturity stage (BBCH 83)

13 The effect of plants density and harvesting time on the linear mass of fibre 1,0 BBCH 65 BBCH 75 BBCH 83 0,8 Linear mass [tex] 0,6 0,4 0,2 0, Artemida (PL) Modran (PL) Hermes (F) Agata (NL)

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15 [szt/m] [szt/m] y = x R = y = x R = [%] [szt/m] y = x R = y = x R = y = 0.025x + 44 R = Sielec Stary Wojciechów 40 kgn/ha 80 kgn/ha 120 kgn/ha Self thinning in function of plant population Self thinning in function of plant population and N fertilization

16 7,8 7,6 7,4 y = -7E-06x x R = 8 7,8 y = -1E-05x x R = [t/ha] 7,2 7 [t/ha] 7,6 6,8 7,4 6, [szt/m] 7, [szt/m] 40 kg N/ha 80 kg N/ha 120 kg N/ha 40kg N/ha 80 kg n/ha 120 kg N/ha Effect of plant population, N fertilization on Straw yield in early harvest Effect of plant population, N fertilization on Straw yield in late harvest

17 72 [t/ha] 0,27 0,22 0,17 y = x R = y = x + 1 R 2 1 = [%] y = x R = y = x R = 62 0, [kg/ha] [kg/ha] Sielec Stary Wojciechów Sielec Stary Wojciechów Effect of N fertilization on short fibre yield Effect of N fertilization on scutched fibre efficiency

18 Flax area in European Union and some non-eu countries [ha] Country Czech Rep /4000 n/a 1/1700 France Belgium Lithuania /448 61/494 8/337 Latvia n/a Netherlands Poland / Total EU Ukraine Russia Belarus Source: Project 4F CROPS,

19 Fibrous flax yielding potential Country France Netherlands Poland Ginned straw yield [t/ha] Seed yield [t/ ha] Total fiber yield [t/ ha] Long fiber yield [t/ ha] Short fiber yield [t/ ha] Source: Project 4F CROPS,

20 Survey of the average commercial yields of fibrous flax in flax producing countries in EU Country Straw yield [t/ha] Seed yield [t/ha] Long fiber yield [t/ha] Short fiber yield [t/ha] Belgium Czech Rep Estonia n/a n/a France Latvia n/a n/a Lithuania Netherlands Poland Source: Project 4F CROPS,

21 Hemp harvested area in EU & Ukraine [ha] Country Austria Czech Rep n/a Finland 0 0 n/a France Germany Italy n/a 0 Latvia 0 n/a n/a Netherlands Poland Sweden n/a n/a n/a n/a UK Total EU Ukraine Source: Project 4F CROPS,

22 Fibrous hemp yielding potential The best results in fibrous hemp cultivars Specification Country France Hungary Poland Agronomic Breeding Ukraine Total yield [t/ha] Ginned straw yield [t/ha] Seed yield [t/ ha] Yield of total fiber [t/ ha] Source: Project 4F CROPS,

23 Commercial yields of fibrous hemp in Poland Years Specification Average Total straw yield [t /ha] Ginned straw yield [t/ha] Seed yield [t/ha] Yield of total fiber [t/ha] Source: Project 4F CROPS,

24 Commercial yields of fibrous hemp in some European countries Specification France Hungary Romania Ukraine Total straw yield [t /ha] Ginned straw yield [t/ha] Seed yield [t/ha] Yield of total fibre [t/ha] Source: Project 4F CROPS,

25 Comparison of potential and commercial yields of flax Ginned straw Seed Long fibre Short fibre Potential yield Commercial yield

26 Comparison of potential and commercial yields of hemp Ginned straw Seed Total fibre Potential yield Commercial yield