Cutworm Update Cutworm Update Overview. Cutworm Update. Problem Biology Outlook for 2016? Spring scouting Preserving in-field allies

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1 Overview Biology J. Otani,J. Gavloski, V. Hervet, S. Meers, S. Barkley, S. Hartley, J. Hummel, M. Erlandson, P. Reid, J. Broatch, R. Laird, K. Floate 2016Jan20 Agronomy Update, Red Deer Unpredictable outbreaks Monitoring can be challenging Hard to identify cutworm species Continuous cropping King 1926 Department of Agriculture Find the cutworm. Cutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larva of crane fly Larva of stiletto fly Wireworms J. Gavloski, Manitoba Agriculture and Rural Initiatives 1

2 Cutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Biology* Cutworm Lifecycle (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Cutworm Lifecycle (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Cutworm Biology Adult Egg Larva Pupa Bertha armyworm Mamestra configurata Above ground Overwintering stages!! 2

3 Cutworm Biology Adult Egg Larva Pupa Cutworm Biology Adult Egg Larva Pupa Pale western Agrotis orthogonia MorrisonSubterranean Pale western Agrotis orthogonia MorrisonSubterranean Armyworm Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw Above ground Armyworm Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw Above ground Bristly Lacinipolia renigera (Steph.) Above ground Bristly Lacinipolia renigera (Steph.) Above ground Redbacked Euxoa ochragaster (Gn.) Above ground Darksided Euxoa messoria (Haw.) Above ground Redbacked Euxoa ochragaster (Gn.) Above ground Darksided Euxoa messoria (Haw.) Above ground Yellow headed Apamea amputatrix Above ground Yellow headed Apamea amputatrix Above ground Bertha armyworm Mamestra configurata Above ground Bertha armyworm Mamestra configurata Above ground But consider precipitation! Biology Cutworm Biology Adult Egg Larva Pupa Rain during moth flight and mating (fewer eggs laid)? Pale western Armyworm Bristly Agrotis orthogonia MorrisonSubterranean Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw Above ground Lacinipolia renigera (Steph.) Above ground Redbacked Euxoa ochragaster (Gn.) Above ground Darksided Euxoa messoria (Haw.) Above ground Yellow headed Apamea amputatrix Above ground Bertha armyworm Mamestra configurata Above ground Conditions during moth flight period??? 3

4 Or clear and warm during moth flight and mating? Cutworm Host Plant Preferences Volunteers and Regrowth Egg laying (adult oviposition preferences) Larval feeding into the fall for overwintering Overwintering habitat for eggs or larvae Photo: Canola Council of Canada - E. Brock Cutworm Host Plant Preferences Volunteers and regrowth Rotations Native legumes and grasses as ancestral host plants Continuous cropping Tight rotations Apamea amputatrix Above ground Yellow headed Bronze Nephelodes minians Gn. Above ground Cutworm Monitoring Key Scouting Points! Early in spring Investigate unusual patches (knolls, low spots) Check within seed row, crown, at base of plants Dig where plants are green or remaining Check in the early morning or later in evening Dig, dig, dig Stay in the top 5-6 cm of the soil surface Focused images (dorsal view, anterior view of head capsule, size reference) 05Jun2015 Wheat near Falher AB Cutworm Monitoring 4

5 05Jun2015 Wheat near Falher AB 05Jun2015 Canola near Falher AB 05Jun2015 Canola near Falher AB Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 2015 Otani Retrieved June 23, 2013 Map located on the Alberta Insect Pest Monitoring Network website (Meers and Barkley) at: Cutworm Nominal Thresholds (Courtesy Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives) Crop Alfalfa Dry Beans Canola Threshold 4-5 per square foot (new or thin stands - 2/sq ft.) 1 cutworm or more per metre of row and the larvae are still small (less than 2cm long) A suggested nominal threshold is 25-30% stand reduction Corn When 3-6% of plants are cut and small larvae less than 1 inch present Flax 4-5 larvae/m 2 Peas Sunflowers 2 to 3 cutworms per square metre 1 cutworm or more per square foot (30 by 30cm) or if there is a 25 to 30% stand reduction Wheat, Barley, Oats Redbacked and army cutworms: 5-6/m 2. Well established fallseeded crops or spring seeded crops with good moisture conditions can tolerate higher numbers. Cutworm Fact Sheet located at: 5

6 Biology* CARP Cutworm Project Four main objectives: 1. Molecular tools for rapid and accurate identification of cutworms 2. Cutworm life history & development 3. Natural enemies of cutworms in different crops; role in control 4. Literature review & extension tools Cutworm Parasitoids 6

7 print,cutworms-field-crops.html 15/aac-aafc/A eng.pdf Acknowledgements Producer Cooperators Dr. Robert Byers AAFC: Developing Innovative Agri-Products (DIAP) with PRFSA Canola Council of Canada and Canola Agronomic Research Program Western Grains Research Foundation supporting Prairie Pest Monitoring Network J. Gavloski, S. Hartley, S. Meers, S. Barkley AAFC: Agri Innovation Program - AgriScience Project with PRFSA Technical Staff: Arlan BENN, Kayleigh LOBERG, Amanda JORGENSEN, Shelby DUFTON, Amie NEMECZ, Holly SPENCE National Identification System O. Londsdale, G. Gibson, J. Huber, L. Masner SARDA, NPARA Eric Carle (1969) Thank you Jennifer Otani, M.Sc. Pest Management Biologist 7