Impact of Landscape on Wild Bees Foraging Habitat Nesting Habitat. Pathogens Pathogens Associated with Native Bees Pathogen Spillover

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1 Maintaining Wild Blueberry Pollinators Steven Javorek (AAFC Kentville) and Sophie Cardinal (AAFC Ottawa) Overview Impact of Landscape on Wild Bees Foraging Habitat Nesting Habitat Pathogens Pathogens Associated with Native Bees Pathogen Spillover 1

2 Wild Bee Identification Managed Bees Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) 2

3 Managed Bees Bombus impatiens Managed Bees Alfalfa Leafcutting Bees (Megachile rotundata) 3

4 Native Bees Bumble Bees (Bombus) Native Bees Andrena 4

5 Native Bees Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum, Evylaeus, Dialictus) Native Bee Abundance Native bee abundance pollinating blueberry highly variable among sites. Can landscape pattern explain this variability? Study Sites 5

6 Conceptual Model Describing Native Bee Pollination Services Land Use / Management Economics and Policy Landscape Pattern Foraging Habitat Nesting Habitat Abundance and Diversity Pollination Service 11 Landscape Pattern and Foraging Habitat Composition and configuration of land cover types (habitats) highly variable among blueberry agro-ecosystems. 6

7 Distribution of Foraging Resources (The Bee s Perspective) Variable across nested spatial scales. Foraging Resource Index Estimating Foraging Flight Distance ITD Bee Size Foraging Range (m) Genera < > > >3.3 Very Small (VS) Small (S) Medium (M) Large (L) Very Large (VL) 50 Lasioglossum (Subgenera Dialictus andevylaeus) 300 Lasioglossum (Subgenera Lasioglossum), Andrena 700 Andrena, Halictus, Osmia 1100 Andrena, Colletes 2500 Bombus Inter-Tegular Distance (ITD) Foraging Ranges (m) 7

8 Seasonal Flight Periods and Temporal Distribution of Foraging Resources Flowering crops provide partial floral resources. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Floral Resources Foraging Resource Index No Resources Very Low Low Moderate High Very High April-May (Pre-Bloom) 16 WBPANS Winter Information Meeting, March

9 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Floral Resources Foraging Resource Index No Resources Very Low Low Moderate High Very High June (Bloom) 17 WBPANS Winter Information Meeting, March Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Floral Resources Foraging Resource Index No Resources Very Low Low Moderate High Very High July (Early Summer) 18 WBPANS Winter Information Meeting, March

10 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Floral Resources Foraging Resource Index No Resources Very Low Low Moderate High Very High August (Late Summer) Foraging Resources and Pollination Service Broader landscape important to crop pollination metres 1.4 Bee Abundance (log) Foraging Resource Index (FRI) 10

11 Building Sustainable Pollination into the Agricultural Landscape. Foraging Habitat BMP: Maintain diverse/continuous flowering plant populations on 3-11% (~ 5-20 acres) of the landscape within 500 metres of blueberry fields. Creating Foraging Habitat Clear Woodland Utilize Natural Seed Bank 21 WBPANS Winter Information Meeting, March Nesting Resources Objective Determine how landscape composition influences native bumble bee nest density in lowbush blueberry agroecosystems. 11

12 Landscape Pattern and Nesting Habitat Bombus Nesting Density Bombus workers collected at colony peak (late July) 100 Metres 12

13 Bombus Nesting Density DNA sequencing; micro-satellite analysis. COLONY Version to identify sibling lines. 100 Metres 21 B. ternarius Sibling Lines (Colonies) Pathogens Associated with Wild Bees Wild bee pathogen community. Pathogen spillover wild/managed bees. 13

14 Pathogens Associated with Wild Bees 2016 Sampling Initial focus: Bombus, Andrena, Apis, Commercial Bombus impatiens. NS and PEI Pre-Bloom, Bloom, Mid-Summer (Blueberry Agroecosystems and Natural Land) Next Generation 2-Step RT-PCR Approach to detect: Sacbrood virus Deformed wing virus AKI complex (Acute bee paralysis virus, Kashmir bee virus, and Israeli acute bee virus) Black queen cell virus Chronic bee virus 3 species of Nosema (N. apis, N. bombi, and N. ceranae) Summary Wild pollinator abundance contributes to crop pollination even when honey bees are present in high abundance. Small-scale (local) practices can have major effects on pollinators and pollination services. 14

15 Contact Information Steve Javorek AAFC Kentville Telephone: (902) Thank You 15